2. Nutrition
◦ Mouth parts
◦ Labrum
◦ Sensory upper lip in insects
◦ Mandibles
are strong an perform the function of chewing
Maxilla
Perform the function of cutting food
Threre are some sensory structures are present on maxilla are called pallp.These structure are (
taste and touch etc.)
3. ◦ Thermoregulation
◦ There are two types of Hexapoda found in environment.
◦ 1.Hetrothermic
◦ Limited metabolic heat and veriable body temperature.Insects gain body heat by shivering
thermogesis Mechanisam.
◦ 2.Ectotheemic
◦ Sun dependents.
◦ Gain heat from sun
4. Gas exchange
◦ Gas exchange system consist on trachea which are lined with chuti.
◦ These trachea have an opening called Spiracles.Air enter in trechea from these spiracles.
◦ Trechea are branched.These changed into tracheoles.
◦ Ventelanting Mechanisam
◦ In this mechanisam Air enter in trechea from environment
◦ Three types of ventilating Mechanisam:
◦ By flight muscle contraction
◦ Abdominal muscle contraction
◦ Passive section
5. Digestive system
◦ The digestive tract in all arthropods is long and straight and consist of three regions.
◦ Foregut
◦ Midgut
◦ Hindgut
◦ Foregut:
◦ The foregut often modified into a muscular phyranx. In sucking insects ,the phyranx used for
sucking fluid into the digestive tract.
◦ Midgut
◦ Behind the phyranx is a crop that is used ni storage.A gizzard regulates Movement to the
Midgut.
6. ◦ Perform the function in gridding food.
◦ The Midgut provide surface for digestion and absorption.
◦ Hindgut
◦ The hindgut involved in reabsorption of water.
