2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUTION
2. EVOLUTION
3. BLOCK DIAGRAM
4. MULTI ENERGY METER
5. ADVANTAGES
6. APPLICATIONS
7. CONCLUSION
3. INTRODUCTION
X-ray baggage inspection system is the highly
sophisticated security system.
Designed to analyse components within the baggage
effectively and efficiently by using x radiations.
It uses scanning principle to indicate baggage
components using different colours based on their
atomic numbers.
4. EVOLUTION
Security is one of key aspects.
So Electrical Engineers started designing the
security systems around 1940 to reduce manual work.
XBIS was developed around 1972 at University of
Manchester by Rapiscan associate of IEEE.
6. It works on the principle of scanning an object by
the x-rays incident on it through the fine collimator.
There are IR sensors present on the either sides of
the conveyor belt to detect the presence of the
luggage.
When object is placed on conveyor belt, IR sensors
detects object and gives signal to x-ray generator.
7. Thin crystal (0-70kV) I to V
Converter/ Multiplexer
amplifier
Thick crystal (70-140kV) I to
V converter/ Multiplexer
amplifier
DUAL ADC
PC
RGB monitor
MULTI ENERGY SYSTEM
9. X ray generator (also called the Coolidge tube )
designed by the French scientist Coolidge in 1933.
It consists of the filament having large number of the
free electrons and the metal target separated by some
distance between them.
This whole setup is placed in an evacuated glass tube
to avoid any leakage of the radiations
10. When the supply is given the electrons move from
the filament towards metal target and collide with it
releasing very strong radiations of high frequency.
The supply should be in the order of kilo volts(very
high) and metal target should possess sufficient work
function property.
To facilitate high speed collisions of electrons with
the metal target to generate X radiations
11. These processed x rays are made to fall on the
cesium iodide crystal to convert the x-rays to light
rays
These light rays are made to fall on the photo
detector array which will give the current
corresponding to the amount of light incident on it.
Now this resultant current is converted to
corresponding voltage by the i to v converter.
13. This analog voltage is converted to digital form and
send to the DSP processor having some predefined
code in it written to identify the object.
Now this DSP processor indicates the object
information on the monitor with the help of the
colour assigned to it depending upon its atomic
number.
14. Atomic Number
1-10 11-18 19-100 100+
Orange Green Blue Black
Mainly Organic
Elements of
Oxygen,
Nitrogen and
Hydro Carbons
Explosives,
Cloth, Food,
Wood and Paper
Mainly non
Organic
Aluminum, light
metals and
Organic material
over atomic
number 10
Electronic
gadgets
Steel and dense
metals
Gun, Blade of
knife
Tools and Gold
Items that
cannot be
penetrated by
X-rays
COLOR CODES
15.
16.
17.
18. ADVANTAGES
Saves lot of time.
Privacy of luggage is ensured.
Less or no effect of radiation on operator.
Very much effective in determining the harmful
polymers.
19. APPLICATIONS
At Post offices, Ministerial buildings, Secretariats ,
VIP offices.
All ports both domestic and international for
checking luggage.
20. CONCLUSION
The x ray baggage inspection system is to be
updated periodically because social anti elements are
finding new ways to threaten the public using variety
of existing element combinations.
Moreover new ways have to be developed to convert
radiations to light energy instead of using the cesium
iodide crystal.
