4. 1. We use Present Perfect for past events that have a strong connection to the prese
time.
They’re presently talking about a movie… they both saw the movie in the past
6. 2. We use Present Perfect with words or expressions of unfinished time.
Unfinished time started in the past and continues into the present.
7. Other Examples:
“I have already travelled to six countries this year.”
My grandfather has eaten an apple a day for as long as I can
remember.”
8. 3. We use Present Perfect when we talk about change over time.
9. Other Examples:
“Singapore has become one of the most expensive cities in th
world.”
“Scientists have discovered a new virus that can be
transmitted from animals to humans.”
10. 4. We use Present Perfect when we talk about uncompleted actions that we expect
to finish in the future.
13. 1. We use present perfect continuous when an action has just stopped (recently, lat
14. Other Examples:
“I have been looking forward to meeting you!”
“Where have you been!? I have been worrying abou
you all night!”
15. 2. We use present perfect continuous when an action has continued up to now.
This means the action is still going on.
16. Other Examples:
“I have been checking my e-mail every hour. My
boss still hasn’t replied.”
“Sarah has been listening to classical music at lunch to help
her de-stress.”
17. 3. We use present perfect continuous to describe an action that’s been happening