7. Endemic Areas
• Canada – Eastern seaboard
• America
• Brazil
• Balatic states
• Part of west Africa
• South east Asia
Where people eat
raw or
undercooked
freshwater fish
10. Morphology of the Adult Worm
Scolex and proglottids
Scolex has 2 sucking grooves
(bothria)
Proglottides are typically wider
In the gravid state the worms have
a rosette like uterus in the center
16. Life Cycle In Detail
Immature eggs in faeces
Egg mature (oncosphere develops into a coracidia)
Coracidia ingestion by copepod
Coracidia develops into procercoid larvae
17. Freshwater fish ingests copepod
Procercoid larvae migrate into fish flesh
They develop into plerocercoid larvae
(sparaganum)
Infective stage for humans- plecercoid
larvae
18. Plecercoid larvae in musculature of the fish
When human eat raw or undercooked fish
Pleceroid larvae becomes immature adults
Then mature adults
Reside in the small intestine as tapeworms
19. Attached to the intestinal mucosa by the bothria
of their solex
Adults have more than 3000 proglottides
Produce immature eggs ( 1,000,000 eggs per
worm)
Proglottids and eggs pass in faeces
After 5-6 weeks after infection eggs appear in
faeces
21. Treatment
Praziquantel • Commonly used drug
Niclosamide • Alternative drug
Gastrografin
contrast
medium
• Diagnostic tool and for treatment
• Introduce into duodenum
• Visualize the parasite
• Cause it to be detached and to pass the
whole worm
