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Perspectives on White-Box Testing:
Coverage,Concurrency, and Concolic
Execution
著者 Azadeh Farzan, Andreas Holzer, Helmut Veith
紹介者: うえつきけいじICST 2015 まるわかりDay 論文紹介
背景
近年 Concolic Testing 技術によるホワイト
ボックステストが盛り上がっている
ツールもいっぱいある
– http://mit.bme.hu/~micskeiz/pages/cod
e_based_test_generation.html
2
Concolic Testingの活用
A. バグ検出
B. 全数探索
C. 部分探索
Bができるのが理想であるが、ソフトウェア規模が大きくなると非現実的
よってAの活用がすすんでいる
Cには課題あり
3
部分探索の課題
• 探索の網羅性と実行リソース・時間のト
レードオフを制御する手段が必要
• 探索アルゴリズムは網羅結果を報告し、
ユーザが探索戦略を調整できること
4
2つの取組み
テスト仕様(=探索したい対象)を厳密に
記述できるクエリ言語を開発し、探索する
空間を制御できる仕組みを構築
並行(マルチスレッド)プログラムにたい
するConcolic Testingの拡張技術を開発。
探索戦略の柔軟な調整が可能
5
クエリによるテストケースの選択
http://forsyte.at/download/ase-slides.pdf より抜粋
データベースからSQLによってデータを取
り出すように、
ソースコードからクエリ(※)によってテスト
ケースを取り出す
※ FQL: FShell Query Language
6
テスト仕様としてのクエリ
テストしたい関心ごとを記載する
すべてのブランチを実行する
関数fooのすべてのステートメントを実行する
10行目を実行した後 j > 0 を満足するすべて
のステートメントを実行する
抽象的
具体的
7
FQLの文法
単純な文法、正規表現による拡張性
cover @CONDITIONEDGE
cover @BASICBLOCKENTRY & @FUNC(foo)
cover @BASICBLOCKENTRY passing ˆ(@LINE(10).{j>0}+NOT(@LINE(10)))∗$
すべてのブランチを実行する
関数fooのすべてのステートメントを実行する
10行目を実行した後 j > 0 を満足するすべて
のステートメントを実行する
8
FQA実行のしくみ
2つの実行環境を開発した
FShell
CPA/Tiger
9
CPA/Tiger
述語抽象化法(Predicate Abstraction)
を利用したモデル検査にもとづく
アーキテクチャ
FShell
有界モデル検査(Bounded Model Checking)
にもとづくアーキテクチャ
10
(Con)2 Colic Testing
造語です。
Symbolic + Concrete Testing
→ Concolic Testing
Concolic + Concurrent Testing
→ (Con)2 colic Testing
11
(Con)2 Colic Testing
並列実行プログラムにたいする
Concolic Testing の拡張
http://forsyte.at/wp-content/uploads/fse13-presentation.pdf より抜粋12
実行の流れ
1.スレッド個別にConcolic Testingを実行
2.スレッド間の干渉を発見したら、探索
パス空間に組み込み
1,2を繰り返すことで段階的に
探索パス空間を拡張する
http://forsyte.at/wp-content/uploads/fse13-presentation.pdf より抜粋13
3スレッドプログラムの例
グローバル変数: x,y
ローカル変数: z
http://forsyte.at/wp-content/uploads/fse13-presentation.pdf より抜粋14
各スレッドへのConcolic Testing実行
グローバル変数: x,y
ローカル変数: z
未達パス未達パス
http://forsyte.at/wp-content/uploads/fse13-presentation.pdf より抜粋
15
干渉の検出
グローバル変数: x,y
ローカル変数: z
干渉を発見!
http://forsyte.at/wp-content/uploads/fse13-presentation.pdf より抜粋
16
探索パスへの組み込み
http://forsyte.at/wp-content/uploads/fse13-presentation.pdf より抜粋
17
再びConcolic Testing実行
http://forsyte.at/wp-content/uploads/fse13-presentation.pdf より抜粋
さっき未達だったところが
通った!そしてスレッドAと
の干渉を検出した!
18
2回の干渉を組み込んだ結果
http://forsyte.at/wp-content/uploads/fse13-presentation.pdf より抜粋
19
ツール
• FShell
– http://forsyte.at/software/fshell/
• CPA/Tiger
– http://forsyte.at/software/cpatiger/
• CONCREST
– C言語向けConcolic Testing ToolであるCREST
を(Con)2 Colicに拡張
– http://forsyte.at/software/concrest/
20

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ICST 2015 まるわかりDay 論文紹介:Perspectives on white box testing