1. HUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
....................
CROSS- CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Instructor : NGUYEN BACH NGA
Group : 8
Student : HO VAN KET
Class : ANHSPK10D
Student code : 13F7011114
******* Hue, 2016 *******

2. TOPIC FOR END-OF-COURSE ASSIGNMENT
CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
When people from different cultures communicate,
misunderstandings can happen. What are the possible
reasons for those misunderstandings and what should people
do in order to avoid them and prevent them from turning
into cultural conflicts?
Please limit your answer to no more than 1200 words.

3. Misunderstanding is a communication phenomenon that we often
experience in our life. Especially, when we communicate with people from
different cultures, the misunderstanding is inevitable. In reality, there are many
possible reasons for these cases. But in my opinion, the main reasons are owing to
language differences, communication styles and non-verbal misinterpretation. The
important thing here is what will we have to do in order to avoid misunderstanding,
does not let it results in cultural conflicts.
The first reason of misunderstanding is language differences. Different
languages may lead misunderstand happened as they are using their own languages
to express their ideas. The fact is that in the world, there many countries and many
different languages. So when two persons that use their two own languages to
communicate, the communication will not be effective, even it leads to
misapprehending what the speaker’s intended meaning. Forexample, a Canadian
goes to visit a Cotu ethnic minority group in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam. When he
greeted "How do you do". People in the village heard this, they were very angry
with him. Because of 'how' in Cotu's language means way to do something and 'do'
by their understanding way is an obsceneword of Vietnamese. Cotupeople often
speak Vietnamese without accent when they borrowed Vietnamese words into their
language. Therefore, they believe that “How do you do” is a naughty sentence. For
the listener, translation is a reasonable way of communicating in those cases. A

4. another clear solution to the reason is that we have to learn foreign languages such
as English. Both of ways will help us in cross-cultural communication very much.
Additionally, the listener also learns the way of listening, when we do not
understand what the speaker said, we need to listen to interpretation from them,
avoid hasty judgment.
The second is different communication styles. One aspectof
communication style is language usage. Across cultures, some words and phrases
are used in different ways. Even simple words like “yes” and “no”can also cause
misunderstandings. For example, in countries that share the English language,
“yes” can vary from “maybe I’ll consider it” to “definitely yes” with many shades
in between[1]. Misunderstanding happens not only between people of different
cultural backgrounds, but between people of the same cultural background as well.
If the cultural conventions of the speaker are widely different, misinterpretations
and misunderstandings can easily arise, even result in total breakdown of
communication (Richards, 1985)[2]. Another example, after the end of the holiday
abroad, daughter came back home, her mother opened the doorand said "home
sweet home" cheerfully. Daughter surprised, asked her "are there much candy in
our home, mom?". Clearly, even if conversational partners speak the same
language fluently, they also encounter communication obstacles. The first way to
deal this problem is that you need to interpret accurately, clearly and slowly for

5. listeners. You should not use slang, idioms or ambiguous utterances too much. Try
to put yourself in the other person's shoes. Especially when another person's
perception or ideas are very different from your own, you might need to operate at
the edge of your own comfort zone. Besides, discussing the differences in
connotations and adjusting to the other’s communication style will be useful to get
to know each other well[3].
The third and final reason is non-verbal misinterpretation. Although
language is the most obvious barrier in intercultural encounters, non-verbal
communication is also known to vary misunderstandings and cultural conflicts.
Non-verbal communication expresses meaning or feeling without words. They
refer to bodylanguage, gestures, touch, and facial expression and so on. The
gestures, symbols or bodypositioning for these phrases often differs across
cultures. For instance, in America and some of Europe, the thumbs up sign means
that something is good. Meanwhile in Australia, Iran this sign is considered rude,
Nigeria’s very offensive. Another symbolis the "fig", in Turkish, Greek or Dutch
culture is a commonly obscene, but this symbolof good luck in Brazilian culture.
These problems could be solved by learning about the meaning of non-verbal
signals, you should absorb correctly its meanings in each particular country . You
should not stereotypically think that all non-verbal communication styles are the
same everywhere. What is more, sharing your cultural norms and learning about

6. those of the sojourner will help you better understand and copewith different
nonverbal styles[4].
To sum up, we know that misunderstanding can happen when we
communicate with people from different cultures, so our choice is remedy these
misunderstanding. As I previously mentioned, we will have solutions for each
reason. In addition, when trying to communicate across cultures, put aside personal
feelings and listen deeply. Also, we need be open-mined in receiving something
new and respect other culture countries, so as to avoid or prevent misunderstanding
turn into cultural conflicts.

7. References
[1] Smith, Miller, Archer & Hague. Issues that cause conflict (2002). [Online].
Available: http://etraining.communitydoor.org.au/mod/page/view.php?
[2] Milena Miladinovic. Overcoming Obstacles in Intercultural Communication
(2014). [Online]. Available: http://www.afs.org/blog/icl/?p=4881.
[3] Marcelle E. DuPraw, Marya Axner. Working on Common Cross-cultural
Communication Challenges (1996). [Online]. Available: www.pbs.org/ampu
/crosscult.html#CONFLICT.
[4] Richards, J.C. (2005). Interchange2 (3rd ed). New York: Cambridge UP.