The Citizen, Not the Government, Should Be at the Center of Smart City Design. Learn what defines a smart city, how to build a smart city, and who're the leading brands.

1. Building A Better & Smarter City
Prepared by Kevin Huang
Sept 23, 2015

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What is a Smart City?
A smart city uses digital technologies or information and communication technologies (ICT)
to enhance quality and performance of urban services, to reduce costs and resource
consumption, and to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_city

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What is a Smart City?
 A smart city is an efficient city
 Smart cities begin with connectivity
 Smart cities engage better with
their citizens
 A smart city keeps innovating
 Smart cities are agile and are
inherently mobile cities
 Smart cities turn big data into
insight

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Why Build a Smart City?

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What Defines a Smart City?
A smart city is one that looks to use technology to make a city more
affordable and more livable. A smart city can improve upon:
• public transit
• waste management
• power generation and lighting
• safety and security
• parking
• aesthetics such as fountains
• building management
• environmental factors
• border control
• tourism…among countless other areas

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Who’s The Leading Smart-City Brand?
“The Greenbang Smart Matrix™ –
Smart Cities” report examines
some of the top companies looking
to make a mark in the smart-city
space today, and identifies which
are succeeding in communicating
their offerings while others are
falling down.
http://sustainabletechnologyforum.com/whos-the-leading-smart-city-brand_17172.html

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IBM, Cisco ‘Top Smart City Technology Vendors’
The Navigant Research Leaderboard Report evaluates 15 leading smart city suppliers and
rates them on 10 criteria for strategy and execution, including vision, go-to-market
strategy, partners, product strategy and roadmap, geographic reach, market
share, sales and marketing, product performance and features, product
integration, and staying power. The report profiles these vendors and ranks the top
10, which are:
• IBM
• Cisco
• Schneider Electric
• Siemens
• Hitachi
• Accenture
• Toshiba
• General Electric
• Oracle
• Capgemini

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http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/smarter_cities/overview
/
IBM introduced Smarter Cities as a division of Smarter Planet
In 2009, IBM launched
its Smarter Cities
campaign, a
comprehensive
approach to helping
cities run more
efficiently, save money
and resources, and
improve the quality of
life for citizens.

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Billboards are everywhere in the city, so why not
have them do something useful?
"IBM is committed to creating solutions that help cities all over the world
get smarter, in order to make life in those cities better"
That’s the thinking behind IBM‘s
“Smarter Cities” campaign, which
modifies the regular billboard shape
to perform a secondary function.

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Top Smart Cities in the World
The fifth edition of the report ranks
Stockholm first followed by London,
Paris, Singapore and Copenhagen.
Stockholm’s top ranking is thanks to its well-
developed ICT infrastructure, extremely well-
developed open data and e-services and high-
quality access to both fixed and mobile
broadband, thanks to extensive infrastructure
rollouts.
http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2014
/networked-society-city-index-2014.pdf

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Smart cities become more connected and responsive
and even leverage the Internet of Things.
Smart Cities – Moving Towards a More Connected Future

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Singapore: iN2015
(1) Digital media and entertainment
(2) Education and learning
(3) Financial services
(4) Healthcare and biomedical sciences
(5) Manufacturing and logistics
(6) Tourism, hospitality and retail
(7) Government
(8) Infocomm infrastructure and services
(9) Enterprise development for infocomm
companies
(10) Infocomm manpower development
Intelligent Nation 2015 (iN2015) is Singapore’s 10 year strategy and master
plan to realise the potential of innovation and information society over the
next decade. Led by IDA and sector-focused committees, the strategy
covers seven key economic sectors of the region and three horizontal areas:

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Intel and San Jose's smart city will use real-time
data to monitor air quality and more
http://www.engadget.com/2014/06/11/intel-san-jose-smart-city/

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“With a backbone of Wi-Fi
and sensors rolled out across
93,000 street lights in the city,
it would allow the city to
manage parking, traffic,
lighting, water, and waste
management.”

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The Citizen, Not the Government, Should
Be at the Center of Smart City Design

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Top 5 Smart City Challenges
There are countless challenges with any smart city initiative but can
ultimately fall under these five major categories with each one bringing
its own variety of questions and roadblocks.
1. Vision
The smart city vision
begins with identifying
what issues the city faces
and how solutions can be
constructed to deal with
those issues and how to
make the city run
efficiently and prosper
for decades to come.

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Indian officials want 100 ‘smart cities.’ Residents just want
water and power.
Earlier this year, before
Ajmer was chosen for
smart-city status, Modi
had also included it in a
list of 12 “heritage
cities” he planned to
develop. And a few
years ago, the
government launched a
program to make Ajmer
a “slum-free city.”
Vision vs Real Needs
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/india-wants-to-build-100-smart-cities-residents-
just-want-water-and-power/2015/06/25/9951df1a-0ec6-11e5-a0fe-dccfea4653ee_story.html

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Top 5 Smart City Challenges(continued)
2. Design
Retrofitting is where design of new smart city initiatives must truly
shine. Inadequate infrastructure, specifically highways, is one of the areas where
design matters most. More lanes, less traffic is not always the answer as it is just
more infrastructure that takes an extended period of time to build. Occasionally,
causing even more traffic due to construction, it will more than likely become a
temporary fix for a consistently growing population. While more lanes may aid for
the time being, cities must have alternatives like sensors (built into the
infrastructure itself or into light posts) and analytics to help redistribute traffic to
cut down on citizens’ travel times and make more efficient use of their
transportation infrastructure.

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Top 5 Smart City Challenges(continued)
3. Funding
Locating proper funds for a project can
be one of the most, if not the most,
difficult component of a smart city
initiative. An increasing number of cities
around the world are announcing plans
to become smart and more resilient in
spite of their social, economic, and
geographical challenges.

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Top 5 Smart City Challenges(continued)
4. Skepticism
Civic engagement is one of the most important portions of the smart city
initiative as it is ultimately focused on improving the quality of life for
the citizens of the given city. Smart cities bring promise to their citizens
as much as they do doubts of their future effects on services, politics,
security and privacy.
 How much privacy will citizens have to sacrifice in
order to feel safer and have their data shared with
the municipality, developers and other citizens
through open data programs?
 Is it even an issue when location services on
smartphones consistently project our location
regardless of our knowledge?
 It may just become the norm for citizens as privacy
and security become intertwined with various
smart city programs.

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Top 5 Smart City Challenges(continued)
5. Implementation
The actual implementation of
the initiative and making it a
reality is just as much a
hurdle as any other issue
above. There are many
roadblocks in moving an
initiative forward including
siloed municipal departments,
a lack of direction, lack of
proper leadership, and most
of a lack of tools to make the
initiative real.

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10 Steps to Building a Smart City
1. Work out what problems need fixing
Take Jakarta and Beijing: “They are both currently exploring data dashboards and
citywide sensing projects to address issues around traffic congestion, when what
these cities really need are vastly improved public transport systems.”
2. Find a leader
Leaders should come from the public sector. “Some of the
standout smart cities – Barcelona, Amsterdam, Malmo – exhibited
dynamic leadership from their mayors as well as chief executives,”
3. Develop a vision everyone can get behind
The Olympics is a good example of a shared goal,
which succeeded in bringing together
communities, the public and private sectors,
academia, volunteers and business.

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10 Steps to Building a Smart City(continued)
4. Make a business case
Networks of sensors need expensive infrastructure, and there’s currently little
precedent around whether it’s the taxpayer or industry that foots the bill. A
vision that adds economic, social and environmental value could be key to
attracting investment from tech companies, universities and elsewhere.
5. Share data and incentivize innovation
Open data is critical to fostering an ecosystem for innovation, but the public
sector, with its entrenched ideas around data protection, can be reluctant to
share. City councils should see it as “investment rather than expenditure”.
6. Design from the bottom up
Fujisawa, Japan, is an example of a city designed from the
ground up. It’s a disaster proof, self-sufficient town with
self-cleaning homes that generates its own electricity. Even
the streets are designed to reduce energy consumption –
they follow the shape of a leaf to help natural airflow and
reduce the need for AC.

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10 Steps to Building a Smart City(continued)
7. Tread carefully
We are still in the early days of exploring the costs and benefits of these
technologies for society and business and perhaps a more cautious approach is
needed, and the complicated issues around privacy that need addressing.
8. Get politicians on board
Political leaders are important for communicating the need for new tech, and
assuaging citizens’ concerns about safety and privacy. It would be great to see
politicians explain why they are spending our taxes on a smarter city.
9. Educate citizens
10. Spread the word
A smart city will be irrelevant to most of its inhabitants
unless they can learn how to use new technology.
All cities to share their experiences and evidence
so that no one has to start from scratch.

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Smart Cities Need Smart Citizens
Clause 5 of the Massive Small Declaration states,
‘Data and technology should augment human intelligence, not seek
to replace it. We must trust intuitive wisdom, avoiding the twin
traps of reductionism and determinism. We must see the urban
system as a network of interrelated spectrums, not polarities. We
must recognize the city as a constantly changing organism, not a
mechanistic model capable of highly processed control. Rather than
seeking reassuring ideologies and absolutes, we should rely on
collective intelligence to find our timeless way of building’.

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Teaching Kids How to Build Smart Cities
Some New York middle-schoolers spent their summer vacation building
models of smart cities, complete with futuristic cars and clean energy
infrastructure. The NYU Polytechnic School of Engineering Science of
Smart Cities program held its fourth annual expo, where the children
showed off their designs. During their four-week training
with NYU engineering students, participants learned about engineering
aspects of sustainable and resilient cities.
https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/teaching-kids-how-to-build-smart-cities