Its about when you travel to some other part where some disease are there you need to take some vaccine before visiting that country

1.  Khima Rudach
 Nurse Supervisor
 2009
15/09/2010

2. TRAVEL HEALTH
 Health Perils in
Paradise?
 Some of the world's most
spectacular destinations
are also home to some of
the world's nastiest bugs.
Yellow fever, malaria, and
even polio can strike
international travelers.
Protect yourself by
learning which vaccines or
health precautions are
advised for your
destination. To give
vaccines time to take
effect, see your doctor or
travel clinic 4-6 weeks15/09/2010

3. POLIO BOOSTER
 If you're planning an
African safari, you may
need a polio booster. This
debilitating disease is still
active in many parts of
Africa and Asia. The germs
can be spread through
food, water, and contact
with an infected person.
Even if you received a
polio vaccine as a child,
you may need a booster to
make sure you're
protected against all three
types of the virus.
15/09/2010

4. YELLOW FEVER VACCINE
 Along the border of Argentina
and Brazil, Iguazu Falls
attracts visitors from all over
the world. Unfortunately, it
also attracts mosquitoes that
carry the yellow fever virus.
Yellow fever occurs in parts
of South and Central
America, as well as tropical
Africa, and it can be life-
threatening. Vaccination is
required to visit certain
countries, with a booster shot
needed after 10 years.
Avoiding mosquito bites is
important, too.
15/09/2010

5. TYPHOID FEVER VACCINE
 Typhoid fever is a life-
threatening infection
common in the developing
world. It's caused by
bacteria found in
contaminated food or drink.
Several hundred
Americans get typhoid
fever every year – most
while visiting Asia, South
America, or Africa. The
CDC recommends the
typhoid vaccine at least 1-2
weeks before travel to
these regions. If you've had
the vaccine in the past, ask
if you need a booster.15/09/2010

6. TETANUS BOOSTER
 Before planning any
adventure travel, make
sure you're up to date on
your tetanus shot. Tetanus
infections often result from
skin injuries, including
frostbite, burns, or
punctures. The culprit is a
bacterium that occurs in
all parts of the world.
Tetanus can be fatal.
Booster shots are
recommended every 10
15/09/2010

7. HEPATITIS A VACCINE
 One of the great
pleasures of international
travel is trying a variety of
exotic cuisines.
Unfortunately,
contaminated food or
water can spread
infections, including
hepatitis A. This viral
infection, which causes
inflammation of the liver,
is common throughout the
developing world. If you
were not vaccinated as a
child, ask your doctor
about getting the vaccine
series before venturing15/09/2010

8. HEPATITIS B VACCINE
 The hepatitis B virus also
causes liver inflammation,
but is spread through blood
or other body fluids infected
with the virus rather than
food. Many chronically
infected people carry the
virus in Africa, Southeast
Asia, the Middle East,
Pacific Islands, Caribbean
Islands, and the Amazon
River basin. The CDC
recommends the hepatitis B
vaccine for all travelers to
these areas, especially
adventure travelers,
missionaries, Peace Corps
volunteers, and military
personnel.15/09/2010

9. RABIES VACCINE
 Rabies is found on all
continents, except Antarctica,
and is spread through the bite
of an infected animal. Street
dogs in Africa, Asia, and
South America pose the
greatest risk to travelers,
followed by monkeys living
among the temples of Asia.
Without treatment, rabies is
fatal. A three-dose vaccine is
available, though it doesn't
eliminate the need for
treatment after a bite. It buys
you time to reach medical
care, and cuts the doses
needed.
15/09/2010

10. FLU VACCINE
 If you get an annual flu
vaccine, factor your
travel plans into the
timing of your vaccine. In
the Southern
Hemisphere, flu
epidemics are most
common from April
through September. So
families planning a
summer vacation in
Australia, for example,
should make sure they
are vaccinated before
departing.15/09/2010

11. MALARIA PRECAUTIONS
 Malaria is a life-threatening
disease carried by
mosquitoes. It is most
common in sub-Saharan
Africa, but also occurs in
parts of South Asia and South
America. Travelers should
ask their doctor about the
pros and cons of preventive
antimalarial medications.
Other strategies include using
mosquito repellants (30% -
50% DEET for adults),
wearing long sleeves and
pants outdoors, and sleeping
under insecticide-treated
mosquito nets.
15/09/2010

12. DENGUE FEVER PRECAUTIONS
 In travelers returning from
the Caribbean, South
Central Asia, and Central
America, dengue fever is
the most common cause
of fever. Recently, small
numbers of the mosquito-
borne illness have been
reported in Key West, Fla.
While most cases are
mild, some people
develop dengue
hemorrhagic fever, which
can be fatal. There is no
vaccine, but travelers can
reduce their risk by
protecting against
mosquito bites.15/09/2010

13. TUBERCULOSIS PRECAUTIONS
 Tuberculosis (TB) is more
common in Asia and sub-
Saharan Africa, although it
is found throughout the
world. The infection is
spread when a contagious
person coughs. Travelers
who spend time working or
volunteering in hospitals,
prisons, or homeless
shelters have a higher risk
of exposure to TB. If you
feel you may have been
exposed, it's important to
get a skin test. Prompt
treatment is the key to
avoiding complications
15/09/2010

14. LEISHMANIASIS PRECAUTIONS
 Sleeping on the beach may
sound romantic � until you
consider the infected sand
flies. Their bites can spread
a disease called
leishmaniasis. The most
common type, found in parts
of the Middle East, Asia,
Africa, and South America,
causes skin sores and
ulcers. A less common form
affects internal systems and
causes life-threatening
disease. To avoid bites, stay
indoors from dusk to dawn.
Wear long-sleeved shirts,
pants, and socks. Bug spray
and bed nets can also help.
15/09/2010

15. FILARIASIS PRECAUTIONS
 Lymphatic filariasis is
caused by a tiny, parasitic
worm that spreads through
bites. It affects millions in
Asia, Africa, and the
Western Pacific, and a
fraction go on to develop
elephantiasis. In the
Americas, the disease
occurs in Haiti, the
Dominican Republic,
Guyana, and Brazil. Short-
term travelers are at low
risk, but it's prudent avoid
mosquito bites: use
repellant, wear long sleeves
and pants, and sleep under
a mosquito net.
15/09/2010

16. BEDBUG DETECTION
 Bedbugs are not choosy
about their
accommodations – they
check into hostels and five-
star resorts across the
globe. They cause itchy red
bites on the face, neck,
arms, hands, or other body
parts – but these marks can
take up to 14 days to
appear. To detect an
infestation more quickly,
look for tiny bugs in the
folds of mattresses or
sheets, rust-colored spots
on the mattress, and a15/09/2010

17. PREVENTING TRAVELERS' DIARRHEA
 Travelers' diarrhea is the top
travel-related illness,
affecting up to half of
international travelers.
People visiting Latin
America, the Middle East,
Africa, and Asia, are the
most at risk. It's rarely
dangerous and almost
always goes away on its
own. Still, you can take steps
to prevent it -- steps that also
help prevent more serious
diarrheal illnesses such as
cholera. The CDC
recommends avoiding tap
water, food sold by street
vendors, raw or undercooked
meats and seafood, and15/09/2010

18. WHAT ABOUT FRUITS AND VEGGIES?
 With a few precautions,
you can enjoy fruits and
vegetables while abroad.
Avoid raw fruits and
veggies, unless you can
peel them yourself. A
good rule of thumb: boil
it, cook it, peel it, or
leave it. Also be wary of
salads that may have
been washed in tap
water or smoothies
made with non-purified
ice.15/09/2010

19. WATER PURIFICATION
 “Don't drink the water” may
be a mantra of
international travelers, but
there are actually several
ways to make local water
safe. The most reliable
method is to boil it
vigorously for a minute.
When this isn't possible,
you can disinfect water
with iodine tablets, but this
may not kill all types of
parasites. You can also
use a portable water filter.
If you choose to buy
bottled water, make sure
the bottles come from a15/09/2010

20. ANTIBIOTICS FOR DIARRHEA
 Despite all your
precautions, there's still a
chance you may get
travelers' diarrhea. If
you're heading to an area
where this is likely, you
may want to ask your
doctor about bringing
antibiotics. Cases of
moderate to severe
traveler's diarrhea can be
treated with a course of
antibiotics. If diarrhea
persists after taking
antibiotics, it's important to
get tested for possible
parasitic infections.15/09/2010

21. DEHYDRATION PRECAUTIONS
 Adventures in extremely hot
and humid climates can put
travelers at risk for
dehydration. The risk is
even greater if you develop
traveler's diarrhea. Signs of
dehydration include sunken
eyes, dry mucous
membranes, and urinating
less. Sports drinks can help
you stay hydrated if you're
well, but they are not
suitable when you have
diarrhea. In that case, you
should sip an oral
rehydration solution.15/09/2010

22. SUNBURN PRECAUTIONS
 Few things take the fun
out of a beach vacation
like red, peeling skin.
Besides being painful, UV
rays and sunburn can
lead to premature aging
and an increased risk of
skin cancer. Protect
yourself with a broad
spectrum sunscreen that
blocks UVA and UVB
rays. Doctors also
recommend staying
inside or in the shade
between 10 a.m. and 4
p.m., even on cloudy
days.15/09/2010

23. PRECAUTIONS DURING PREGNANCY
 Being pregnant doesn't put
travel off limits, but you
should take some
precautions. The CDC
recommends steering clear
of any country where
malaria is present. Following
food and water safety
guidelines is even more
important, because the
consequences of a food-
borne illness could be more
severe. And if you're in your
third trimester, make sure
you will be near a medical
facility than can handle
premature labor and/or birth
15/09/2010

24. PRECAUTIONS FOR YOUNG CHILDREN
 The best way to protect
infants against food and
waterborne illnesses is to
breastfeed while traveling. If
this isn't possible, be sure to
make formula with water that
has been boiled sufficiently
or bottled. When babies or
young children develop
diarrhea, they can become
dehydrated quickly and may
need medical attention.
Children are also more
vulnerable to complications if
they become infected with
malaria and other infections.
15/09/2010

25. FIRST AID KIT FOR TRAVELERS
 You can purchase a travel
first aid kit or make your own.
The contents should include
disposable gloves, adhesive
bandages of various sizes,
gauze, antiseptic, cotton
swaps, scissors, elastic
bandage wraps for strains,
antifungal and antibacterial
creams, anti-itch cream, aloe
gel, saline eye drops, and a
first-aid quick reference card.
You should also include any
medications you take
regularly in their original
containers, along with copies
of your prescriptions.
15/09/2010

26. TRAVEL AND EVACUATION INSURANCE
 Before your trip, check
with your health insurance
provider to find out which
services are covered
abroad. You may want to
buy supplemental
insurance to pay for
medical expenses during
your travels. Evacuation
insurance is a special
policy that will cover the
cost of an air ambulance.
This is particularly
important for travelers to
areas with limited medical
facilities.
15/09/2010

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15/09/2010Mr.Rudach