2. Contents
Computer Hardware
• Meaning of hardware
• Computer case
• CPU
• RAM
• Types of computer
systems
• Upgrade, Sales and
manufacturers
Computer Software
• Meaning of software
• Types of software
• Application software
and examples
• System software
• Operating system (OS))
• Device drivers
• Architecture, Execution,
quality and
manufacturers
2
3.
4. What is meant by hardware?
• Computer hardware is a collective term
used to describe any of the tangible
components of an analog or
digital computer.
• It includes the physical parts of
a computer, such as the case, central
processing unit (CPU), random access
memory
(RAM), monitor, mouse, keyboard, comput
er data storage, graphics card, etc.
• Hardware is typically directed by the
software to execute any command
or instruction. A combination of hardware 4
5. Computer Case
• Encloses most of the components of a
personal computer.
• usually constructed from steel,
aluminium or plastic.
• The size and shape of a computer case
are usually determined by the form
factor of the motherboard since it is the
largest component of most computers.
5
7. Central processing unit
• It is the electronic
circuitry that
executes instructions compr
ising a computer program.
The CPU performs
basic arithmetic, logic,
controlling,
and input/output (I/O)
operations specified by the
instructions in the program.
• Cloud computing can
Intel Core i5 CPU
7
8. Random Access Memory (RAM)
• It is a form of computer
memory that can be read
and changed in any
order, typically used to
store
working data and machin
e code.
• The two widely used
forms of modern RAM
are static RAM (SRAM)
and dynamic 8
9. Types of computer Systems
Computer
systems
Personal
computer
Case Power supply Storage devices
Fixed media
Removable
media
Mother board
Input and
output
peripherals
Input device
Output device
Expansion cards
Supercomputer
Mainframe
computer
Departmental
computing
9
10. • Hardware Upgrade: When using
computer hardware, an upgrade means
adding new or additional hardware to a
computer that improves its
performance, increases its capacity, or
adds new features.
• Sales: Global revenue from computer
hardware in 2016 reached 408 billion
Euros.
• Notable Manufacturers: SilverStone
technology, Dell, Shuttle, IBALL, etc.
10
11.
12. What is meant by software?
• The system software is a collection of
programs designed to operate, control,
and extend the processing capabilities
of the computer itself.
• The majority of software is written
in high-level programming languages.
They are easier and more efficient for
programmers because they are closer
to natural languages than machine
languages. 12
13. Types of Software
Software
Domain of
use
Application
software
System
software
Operating
systems
Device
drivers
Utilities
Malicious
software
Domain of
execution
Desktop
applications
JavaScript
Server
software
Web
applications
Plugins
Embedded
software
Microcode
13
14. Application software
• Application software, also
called application
program, software designed to handle
specific tasks for users.
• Depending on the activity for which it
was designed, an application can
manipulate text, numbers, audio,
graphics, and a combination of these
elements.
• Some application packages focus on a
single task, such as word processing; 14
15. Examples of application software
• Business software
• Computer-aided design
• Decision-making software
• Educational software
• Image editing
• Simulation software
• Spreadsheets
• Telecommunications
• Video editing software
• Video games
• Word processors, and many
more.
15
16. System Software
• System software is software designed
to provide a platform for other
software.
• Allows users to do user-oriented tasks
such as create text documents, play or
develop games, create presentations,
listen to music, draw pictures or
browse the web.
16
17. Examples of System Software
• Examples of
system software
include operating
systems (OS)
like macOS, Linux,
Android and
Microsoft
Windows, comput
ational
science software,
game
engines, search
engines, industrial
automation, 17
18. Operating system (OS)
• An operating system (OS) is system software that
manages computer hardware, software resources,
and provides common services for computer
programs.
• Supervisory programs, boot
loaders, shells and window systems are core parts
of operating systems.
• Type of OS are:-
a. Single-tasking and multi-tasking
b. Single- and multi-user
c. Distributed
d. Embedded
e. Real-time
f. Library 18
19. Device Drivers
• A device driver is a computer
program that operates or controls a
particular type of device that is
attached to a computer or automaton.
• A driver provides a software
interface to hardware devices, to
access hardware functions without
needing to know precise details about
the hardware being used.
19
20. Malicious Software
• Malware is
any software intentionally
designed to cause
disruption to
a computer, server, client,
or computer network, leak
private information, gain
unauthorized access to
information or systems,
deprive access to
information, or which
unknowingly interferes with
the user's computer
security and privacy.
• Many types of malware
exist, including computer
viruses, worms, Trojan 20
21. Architecture of system software
• People who use modern general
purpose computers (as opposed
to embedded
systems, computers and supercompute
rs) usually see three layers of software
performing a variety of tasks: platform,
application, and user-written software.
21
22. Execution, quality and reliability
• Execution: Computer software has to be
"loaded" into the computer's storage (such as
the hard drive or memory). Once the software
has loaded, the computer is able
to execute the software.
• Software quality: It is very important,
especially for commercial and system
software. If software is faulty, it can delete a
person's work, crash the computer and do
other unexpected things. Faults and errors are
called "bugs" which are often discovered
during alpha and beta testing.
• Notable manufacturers: Microsoft, IBM, Oracle,
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