Social Studies for Management Sciences

1. Forces of Social Change

2. “Everyone over the age of forty
is an immigrant”
- Margaret Mead

3. What is Social
Change?
• Social Change:
• All societies are involved in a process of social change,
however this change may be so subtle and slow that society is
hardly aware of it
• The opposite of social change is social continuity which means
that there are structures within society which are built to resist
change. Example - the Catholic Church

4. What is Social Change?
• The term social change is used to indicate the
changes that take place in human interactions
and interrelations. Society is a web of social
relationships and hence social change means
change in the system of social relationships.

5. Examples of Social
Change
• Question : How has public opinion shifted
regarding social issues such as:
-Smoking
-Domestic Violence
-Divorce

6. Causes of Social Change
Invention
• Production of new objects, ideas, and
social patterns
Discovery
• Taking note of certain elements of a
culture
Diffusion
• The spread of products, people, and
information from one culture to another

7. Natural Forces of
Social Change
GEOGRAPHY
• This is when the natural
lay of the land has affected
the way societies have developed Examples?
• Natural disasters can also drastically change a society (floods,
earthquakes, volcanoes)
ENVIRONMENT
• Pollution, garbage, ozone, car emissions, recycling
• national, provincial and local programs that address
environmental problems
• Effects?

8. Technology
• Technology has strongly
affected the way societies
are designed and how they
keep changing
• People receive their
information more quickly
now, can communicate in
different ways
• Greatest invention of the
millennium? Guesses?
• Impact…

9. Population changes:
•
A population change is itself a social change .
• group relations multiply, institutional
structures grow more elaborate and many
other changes follow
• Example: Karachi
• Schools ,collages ,hospitals .universities,
railway stations ,air port

10. Modernization
standardizing as towards modern tools
Examples:
Life Style
Technology

11. Urbanization:
• Moving population from ruler areas to urban
(Cities) areas.
• Adopt culture
• Tube veil ,tractors, fertilizer
• Vaccine,
• Lady worker

12. Education:
• Educational uplift is also main cause of social
change
• Examples: china, Japan, Malaysia
• School
• Collage
• Universities
• Mental education

13. Religion
• Beginning of Islam
• Religious Belief

14. Political factors
• Society is based on rules and regulations ,customs which are
built or prepared by govt
• politics affects the society.
• Govt is made of different kinds of people who are educated
or uneducated but the ultimate aim o f them as upliftment of
society.
• So these political leaders are products of society.
• . As any political party or person change something in state or
contributes in changing in something in society which
definitely brings a social change.
• Examples: The impact of World War-2, Rule of Nazi dictator
Hitler in Germany , partitions of India in 1947 have brought
about several social changes in the respective societies.

15. • Cultural diffusion
• Planning
• Leaders
• Propaganda
• War

16. Cultural Factor
The cultural factors also play a role in bringing
about social change. Our social life depends
upon our beliefs, ideas, values, customs,
conventions, institutions and the like. When
there is a change in these, it influences the
social life.

17. Changing in Culture of Pakistan
Pakistan has undergoing in massive cultural
change rapidly. Pakistani people are adopting
the western culture increasingly. The pakistani
media is playing a vital role in this
regard. People are adopting the European
culture by watching their movie and dramas.

18. Continue…
Pakistani nation stands on an undesirable
path. It has become extremely evident from
today's lifestyle of people, the extent to which
Indian culture is adopted. Starting from
Bollywood films to adopting their TV shows.
Today, the topmost watched channels in
Pakistan are Indians which influence Indian
lifestyle.

19. External Events as Forces
of Social Change
• External events are events that have occurred on a
large scale affecting an entire nation or several
nations
• These events have a large and immediate impact on
social change
Examples
• American Civil War – abolished slavery
• WWII – forced women into the workforce and they never
returned home
• September 11/2001 – a change of thought regarding national
threat and security

20. Poverty and
Affluence
• Karl Marx was first to point
sociology to study inequality
in society
• Income inequalities:
gap between earnings of the rich and poor
• Is social inequality an inherent part of human social structures?
• Does society have a responsibility in trying to deal with the
effects of income inequality?
• Effects? - education, crime, housing
• Examples?

21. Unemployment

22. Media and Social Change
• Media plays a vital role for social society.
• Shrunk the size of the world.
• Played vital role in controlling population by
advertising various effects of high population.
• One of the best media which bring social
change is Internet.

23. Values and Social Change: Pluralism
• Singularity- belief that everyone in society should act and
think the same way
• Pluralism- widespread acceptance of differences in culture,
religion, values and lifestyle
• Inclusiveness- all law abiding people, regardless of their
particular background, should be able to play a constructive
role in the life of the nation
• Examples: struggle for inclusiveness with women obtaining
equal roles and status to traditionally ‘male’ roles