It is a general report on Study on frequency of genetic trait for earlobes.

1. STUDY ON FREQUENCY OF GENETIC TRAIT FOR
EARLOBES AMONG THE ETHNIC GROUP (BRAHMIN) OF MADI
RAMBENI
Kishor Dahal

2. Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJECTIVE
3. LIMITATION
4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
5. RESULTS
6. DISCUSSION
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERENCES

3. 1. INTRODUCTION
Earlobe also known as lobules auricular is the soft fleshy lower
part found at the base of the external ear. It is the only part of
the auricle not supported by cartilage (Richard et al. 2005). It is
composed of the tough areolar and adipose (fatty) connective
tissues lacking the firmness and elasticity of the rest of the
pinna (Chummy 1999, Keith and Arthur 2006). Earlobes
average about 2cm long and elongate slightly with age (Sharma
et al. 2007, Anadi et al. 2007). It is either directly attached to
the lateral side of head or free hanging freely away from the
lateral side of head. The free type is slightly bigger than the
attached earlobe (Azaria et al. 2003). This variation in
attachment of earlobe is a trait that is inherited from parents and
its inheritance follows a pattern. It is one of the genetic trait
may be dominant or recessive on the different people according
to the races or ethnic group.

4. 2. OBJECTIVE
To determine the frequency of the human genetic trait for
earlobes among Brahmin community of Madi Rambeni-4,
Sankhuwa Sava.

5. 3. LIMITATION
 Difficult to collect data from whole community.

6. 4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Direct Observation: I had visited to the home and observed the
trait of each member of the family.
Study Area: My hometown was selected for this survey which
is located at Sankhuwa Sava district Madi
Rambeni V.D.C. ward no 4.
Fig. 1: Showing the location of study area.
Madi
Rambeni

7. S.No. Name Gender Earlobe
01. Noya Prasad Dahal M Free
02. Bhu Laxmi Dahal F Free
03. Ram Prasad Dahal M Free
04. Radha Dahal F Free
05. Pujya Raj Dahal M Free
06. Anita Dahal F Attached
07. Uma Nath Dahal M Free
08. Sakuntala Dahal F Free
09. Nura Raj Dahal M Free
10. Sita Dahal F Free
5. RESULTS
Table 1. : Observation of attached and free earlobes among
Brahmin community of Madi Rambeni.
.

8. 11. Krishna Dahal M Free
12. Sujata Dahal F Free
13. Tara Nidhi Dahal M Free
14. Sarita Dahal F Free
15. Binod Dahal M Free
16. Anju Dahal F Free
17. Rupak Dahal M Free
18. Samjhana Dahal F Attached
19. Ganesh Dahal M Free
20. Sushmita Dahal F Free

9. 21. Kishor Dahal M Free
22. Sagun Dahal F Free
23. Sushil Dahal M Attached
24. Sushma Dahal F Free
25. Gunan Dahal M Free
26. Pratima Dahal F Free
27. Suman Dahal M Attached
28. Anu Dahal F Free
29. Junil Dahal M Attached
30. Manisha Dahal F Free

10. 31. Roshan Kumar Dahal M Free
32. Anjana Dahal F Free
33. Arjun Babu Dahal M Free
34. Gitanjali Dahal F Attached
35. Tanka Nath Dahal M Free
36. Binita Dahal F Free
37. Dinesh Dahal M Free
38. Shobha Dahal F Attached
39. Dipak Dahal M Free
40. Indira Dahal F Free

11. 41. Anil Dahal M Free
42. Rachana Dahal F Attached
43. Dipesh Dahal M Free
44. Kabita Dahal F Free
45. Suresh Dahal M Free
46. Amrita Dahal F Free
47. Amin Dahal M Attached
48. Urmila Dahal F Free
49. Pawan Dahal M Free
50. Sajana Dahal F Free

12. 51. Ayush Dahal M Free
52. Ayusha Dahal F Free
53. Anup Dahal M Free
54. Sajana Dahal F Free
55. Jiba Prasad Dahal M Free
56. Sita Dahal F Free
57. Bhaba Prasad Dahal M Attached
58. Radhika Dahal F Attached
59. Ram Chandra Dahal M Free
60. Bhagawati Dahal F Free

13. 61. Ritu Barna Dahal M Free
62. Gita Dahal F Free
63. Keshabraj Dahal M Free
64. Tara Dahal F Free
65. Kritak Dahal M Free
66. Kritika Dahal F Free
67. Mahesh Dahal M Free
68. Manjala Dahal F Free
69. Ballab Mani Dahal M Free
70. Manju Dahal F Free

14. Total population = 70
Having free earlobes = 59
Male with free earlobes = 30
Female with free earlobes = 29
Having attached earlobes = 11
Frequency for Free Earlobes = × 100 %
= × 100 %
= 84.29 %
Frequency for Attached Earlobes = ×100%
= × 100 %
= 15.71 %

15. 84%
16%
Free earlobes Attached earlobes
Fig. 2: Diagram showing the Percentage of people having
attached and free earlobes.

16. 6. DISCUSSION
There were the majority of people having free earlobes
comprising 84.29 % in Brahmin community which shows that
free earlobe is dominant character over attached earlobes
which supports the view of Ordu et al. (2014) who also
concluded the free earlobes is dominant with 74.14% but
Carriere (1922), in contrast, was with opposite view showing
high proportion of people with attached earlobes.
Similarly, (Sharma et al. 2007) observed 64.9% for free
earlobes among Indian people which is almost similar to this
study.
Furthermore, similar proportions of free earlobes among male
and female shows male and female offspring inherited the trait
from both mothers and fathers irrespective of the sex.

17. 7. CONCLUSION
According to the survey, It is observed that maximum number
of Brahmin in community have free earlobes and very less have
attached earlobes in Madi Rambeni-4, Sankhuwa Sava. Hence,
the dominant character of Brahmin ethnic group is the presence
of free earlobes which is inheritable character.

18. 8. REFERENCES
Azaria, R.M.D., Adler, N.M.D., Silfen, R.M.D., Regev, D.M.D. and
Hauben, D.J.M.D. 2003. Morphometry of the Adult Human
Earlobe. A study of 547 subjects and Clinical application. Plastic
reconstruction surgery. 111(7): 2398 -2402.
Carriere, R. 1922. Anthropometric Measurement of the External Ear
in a group of Turkish Primary School Students. Journal of
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 28: 288-242.
Chummy, S. 1999. Last’s Anatomy Regional and Applied. 10th edition.
New York, Churchill Livingstone. 101-102.
Ordu, K.S., Didia, B.C. and Egbunefu, N. 2014. Inheritance Pattern of
Earlobe Attachment amongst Nigerians. Greener Journal
of Human Physiology and Anatomy. 2 (1): 001-007.
Richard D.L., Wayne V., and Adam M.W.M. 2005. Gray’s Anatomy
for student’s. Main edition, Elsevier. Inc 109-111.
Sharma, A., Sidhu, N.K., Sharma, M.K., Kapoor, K. and Singh, B.
2007. Morphometric Study of Earlobe in Northwest India.
Anatomical Science International. 82: 98-104.