Flinders University - ATES and contaminated groundwater

EFFECTS OF AQUIFER THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE (ATES) ON MOBILE CONTAMINANTS IN A GROUNDWATER SYSTEM: A MODEL APPROACH Koen Zuurbier (KWR, VU, Deltares), Niels Hartog (Deltares), Johan Valstar (Deltares), Boris van Breukelen (VU), Vincent Post (VU) 26.11.2010, Flinders, Australia

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],15 - 20 o C 6 - 8 o C

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants IF Technology Doublet Summer Winter

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants ATES ≠ Geothermal Energy! Heat & cold demand Heat demand Building = supply+user Building = user

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants BTES (Borehole Thermal Energy Storage): Closed loop systems Horizontal Vertical

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ρ DNAPL > ρ water

[object Object],[object Object],2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants Risks? Conflict Potential benefits? (source: Sanergy.nl)

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants Aim of my study: What effect does ATES have on existing potential contaminant plumes? (focus on PCE, source contaminant) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants Aim of my study: What effect does ATES have on existing potential contaminant plumes? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reductive dechlorination VOCl (Wiedemeier, 1999) Source Products following degradation

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants ,[object Object],[object Object],How to describe degradation: C i = concentration component i (kg m -3 ) t = time (s) λ 0 = degradation constant 0 e order (kg m -3 s -1 ) ,[object Object],[object Object],C i = concentration component i (kg m -3 ) t = time (s) λ 0 = degradation constant 1 e order (s -1 ) C 0 = initial concentration component i (kg m -3 ) Degradation constants ( λ 0 , λ 1 ) vary with redox-conditions and component: Limited degradation of DCE and especially vinylchloride in anoxic environments Larger aquifer volume contaminated = more mass removal!!

2. Background: ATES and mobile contaminants How to describe degradation: Monod kinetics: combination of 0 th and 1 st -order Not modelled (yet) At high C At low C

3. Methods: modelling tools No integral modelling code available Flow: MODFLOW Transport: MT3DMS Density/Viscosity + SEAWAT (V4) Reactions: PHT3D (V2) (PHREEQC) Plume blending: Multi-Node-Well Package (MODFLOW) (total discharge  discharge per model layer) (mixing concentrations in well) Compilation

4. Case study ‘Uithof’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], added (in model only)

4. Case study ‘Uithof’ You are here Temp injection = 8 o C / 16 o C Temp background = 10,5 o C Imbalance: net 1.2 % to K1

4. Case study ‘Uithof’ You are here Temp injection = 8 o C / 16 o C Temp background = 10,5 o C Imbalance: net 1.2 % to K1 N.B.: Start installation in last week of November (week 1)

4. Case study ‘Uithof’ 2.8 m 50 m 56 m 41 m Vertical Cross-section 39 m 1760 m 135 m Holocene cover Aquif. 1A Sandy clay Aquif. 1B Aquitard Aquif. 2 DNAPL Holocene cover Aquif. 1A Sandy clay Aquif. 1B Aquitard Aquif. 2

4. Case study ‘Uithof’ Scenario’s Here: degradation using 0 th –order (1.1*10 -9 mol L -1 d -1 ) ? x x x All factors present S-4 Increasing mass in aquifer, large volume contaminated x x Degradation absent S-3 Initial increase in volume, followed by decrease (increased degr.+blending) x x DNAPL absent S-2 Contaminated plume in +/- original size x Reference: No DNAPL, no ATES S-1 Predicted effect DNAPL ATES Degr. Characteristics Scenario

5. Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Future ATES warm bubble t = 40 yr: Initial plume Conc. requiring remediation (I)

5. Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Future ATES warm bubble PCE, base of aquifer 1 t = 40 yr: Initial plume Conc. requiring remediation (I)

5. Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

5. Results ,[object Object],Mainly remaining in aquitard

5. Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S I

5. Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

5. Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S I

5. Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

6. Discussion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

6. Discussion ,[object Object]

6. Discussion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

7. Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Flinders University - ATES and contaminated groundwater

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