The document summarizes an industrial training presentation on a workshop for Himachal Road Transport Corporation buses. It discusses the transmission and braking systems of buses, including components like the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, differential, air compressor, and master cylinder. It also provides technical specifications for Tata and Ashok Leyland buses used in passenger transportation. The trainees learned about industrial discipline and cooperation during their training.

1. Presentation On Industrial Training
At
Himachal Road Transport Corporation
Hamirpur (H.P.)
SAURABH SHARMA &SANJEEV KUMAR
ROLL NO. 100461130850 &
100461130849
BRANCH: MECHANICAL
ENGG.

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This report is a result of our industrial
training held at H.R.T.C workshop hamirpur .
We thanks to Er. Vivek Lakhanpal workshop
manager the most important factor for us to
complete our training successfully. We also
thanks to the whole working staff of workshop
who gave us their precious knowledge during
the training period.

3. INTRODUCTION TO WORKSHOP
• Workshop is a place
where various
component are repaired
and manufactured . In
the H.R.T.C workshop
the various parts like
engine, gearbox, wheel
system, differential,
battery etc. Are
repaired or tested, for
the good and long
running of the vehicle.

4. LITERATURE SURVEY
We briefly studied about the following system of a
bus :
Transmission System
Braking System

5. TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Transmission system have following parts:
Clutch
Gear Box
Propeller Shaft
Differential

6. CLUTCH
 Clutch is the mechanism interposed between
engine and the gear box which enables power to
transmit at the WILL to the gear box through
friction drive. When clutch pedal is pressed the
clutch is disengaged and thus no motion and power
flow from engine to gear box.
The fly wheel is attached to the clutch plates in
the clutch box with the engine.
Single plate dry friction type of clutch is used in
TATA buses.

8. Gear Box
A gearbox is a protective casing for a system of
gears which is used to transmit torque to the
propeller shaft at various speeds. It consist of two
shafts:
1) Primary shaft
2) Secondary shaft

9. PROPELLER SHAFT
Propeller shaft is attached after the gear box and
consist of universal joint.
 It is attached with the differential at 90 degree angle
and converts torque gear box to the differential.

10. PROPELLER SHAFT

11. DIFFERENTIAL
Differential is a mechanism used in rear wheel
axel to reduce the speed of inner wheel and
increase speed of outer wheel while taking turn.
The number of teeth in Leyland buses are (37×6)

12. DIFFERENTIAL PARTS
Crown wheel
Sun gear(two)
Star gear(four)
Axel of shaft
Pinion

13. BRAKE
• A brake is a device used either to bring to a
body which is in motion or to hold a body in
state of rest or of uniform motion against the
action of external force or couple.

14. TYPES OF BRAKES
Foundation brakes are the most common air-brake systems found in
HRTC buses .
1) Frictional brakes
2) Pumping brakes
3) Electromagnetic brakes

15. WORKING OF AIR BRAKING
SYSTEM

16. Air compressor: Pumps the air into storage tanks to
be used in the brake system
Foot valve (brake pedal): When depressed, air is
released from the reservoir tanks
Air reservoir tanks: Hold compressed or pressurized
air to be used by the braking system
Master cylinder: The master cylinder is a control
device that converts non-hydraulic
pressure(commonly from a driver's foot)
into hydraulic pressure.

17. AIR DRYER
A device that extracts
moisture from the air.
Shops that use
compressors may have to
use air dryers to keep
shop air free from
moisture

18. BRAKE BOOSTER
The Booster’s Function is
to give more Braking
Power with minimum
pressure on the Brake
pedal.
it is located between
brake pedal and master
cylinder

19. NEED OF BRAKING
SYSTEM
• It must stop the vehicle with smallest possible
distance.
• It must strong enough to sustain sudden
braking force.
• It must operate with least effort by the driver.
• Braking lining should have longer life.

20. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
OF
HRTC BUSES

21. TATA BUS
ENGINE
• Model : TATA 697 na di
• Type: Diesel direct injection
• No. of cylinder: 6 in line
• Capacity: 5675cc
• Clutch: single plate dry
friction
• Gear box type: TATA GBS -40
(Synchromesh)
• Fuel tank: 90 litres

22. •ASHOKA LEYLAND
Features
METRO / CITY - Used for
Passenger mass Transportation.
Ideal for city bus application
ENGINE
"H” series 6 DTI - 6 cyl. Turbo
charged intercooled diesel BS-III
Max. Power
167 PS @ 2400 rpm
Max. Torque
55 Mkg @ 1500 rpm
Diaphragm type 380 mm Dia
Gear box
5 Speed Synchromesh

23. In our industrial training, we were
introduced to industrial environment.
We learned discipline and cooperation
during training & we felt good when
we came in contact with engineers &
workers. Most importantly we had
learn the process of doing work in big
work shop with complete knowledge of
transmission system & braking system
which will be useful for us when ever
we go to any industry or work shop as
an employee.
CONCLUSION

24. REFERENCES
1)www.google.co.in
2)www.hrtc.gov.in
3)www.howstuffworks.com
4)www.wikipedia.com