1. EUROPEAN
A U T O M O BI L E
M A N U FAC T U R E R S
AS S O CI AT I O N

2. PUBLISHED BY
ACEA Communications department
Please order your personal copy via communications@acea.be
S TAT IS T IC S C O M PI L E D BY
Quynh-Nhu HUYNH, Director Economics & Statistics
Please direct enquiries to statistics@acea.be
This paper is made in an environmentally-friendly way and according to FSC certification
© ACEA_SEPTEMBER 2013

3. THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY POCKET GUIDE
Foreword
With the latest data on vehicle production, registration, use and taxation, as well as employment
and trade, ACEA’s Automobile Industry Pocket Guide provides a map of the European automobile
industry today.
As the key figures of this sixth edition clearly show, the automobile industry is the engine of Europe in terms of its skilled workforce, levels of investment in research and development, the size of its
manufacturing base, as well as its trade and tax contributions.
Today, however, the industry stands at a critical juncture, with the economic crisis having taken a harsh
toll. Since the 2007 peak, vehicle registrations have shrunk by a quarter - down 4.4 million vehicles.
Despite this difficult context, the automotive industry is ready to meet the challenges ahead. It is also
ready to support Europe in its ‘mission growth’ of boosting industry’s share of EU GDP to 20% by 2020.
In order to be able to adapt to changing demands, our sector requires a robust industrial policy. It needs
a supportive regulatory framework that will foster competitiveness, ultimately
stimulating growth, jobs and investment - thereby benefiting the European
economy as a whole.
Erik Jonnaert
ACEA Secretary General
1

4. ACEA
ABOUT ACEA

5. THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY POCKET GUIDE
ACEA represents Europe’s car, van, truck and bus makers
Members and partners
ACEA
The European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) represents the fifteen Europe-based
car, van, truck and bus makers: BMW Group, Daimler, DAF, Fiat, Ford of Europe, General Motors Europe,
Hyundai Motor Europe, Iveco, Jaguar Land Rover, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault, Toyota Motor Europe,
Volkswagen Group, Volvo Cars, Volvo Group.
ACEA has permanent cooperation with the European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR),
which is the industry body for collaborative research and development.
ACEA has close relations with 29 national automobile manufacturers’ associations in Europe
and maintains a dialogue on international issues with automobile associations around the world.
It also works with a variety of institutional, non-governmental, research and civil society partners
as well as with a number of industry associations with related interests.
5

6. ACEA
ACEA’s mission and priorities
ACEA’s mission is to:
define and voice the common interests, policies and positions of the European automobile industry;
engage in dialogue with the European institutions and other stakeholders in order to advance
understanding of industry-related issues, and to contribute to effective legislation;
act as a portal for specialist knowledge on vehicle-related regulation;
communicate the role and importance of the industry, using reliable data and information;
monitor activities that influence the automobile industry, cooperating with the actors involved;
undertake strategic reflection on the increasingly global challenges of sustainability and competitiveness.
The automotive industry is one of the most regulated sectors in Europe. This legislative framework consists
of around 80 EU Directives and over 70 international UNECE regulatory agreements, mostly covering
technical issues and standardisation. Through its member companies, ACEA taps into a wealth of technical,
regulatory and practical expertise in the following priority fields:
– Environment and sustainability
– Competitiveness, market and economy
– International trade
– Research and innovation
– Safety
– Transport policy
6

7. THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY POCKET GUIDE
How ACEA works
ACEA
The ACEA Board of Directors is composed of the CEOs of its member companies. Additionally,
a Commercial Vehicle Board of Directors addresses the specific issues facing the commercial vehicle
manufacturers that ACEA represents: DAF Trucks, Daimler Trucks, Iveco, MAN Truck & Bus, Scania,
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles and Volvo Group.
The day-to-day work of the ACEA secretariat is overseen by the Secretary General, who ensures that the
Board of Directors’ priorities are addressed. Technical expertise and advisory input come from working
groups on topics as diverse as emissions, road and vehicle safety, general transport policy and regulatory
compliance. These specialist working groups are made up of experts from the member companies and
are chaired by ACEA staff.
7

8. ACEA
ACEA secretariat
Secretary General
Safety Director
Communications Director
Ivan Hodac
Erik Jonnaert (as from 1 October 2013)
Gianfranco Burzio
Cara McLaughlin
Statistics & Economics Director
Communications Manager
Quynh-Nhu Huynh
Charles de Lusignan
Technical Affairs Director
Information Technology Director
Erwin Kirschner
Marc Vanderstraeten
Trade & Economics Director
Finance & Administration Director
Erik Bergelin
Tanguy De Decker
Emissions & Fuels Director
Paul Greening
Environmental Policy Director
Peter Kunze
Legal & Taxation Director
Marc Greven
Trade Adviser
Mobility & Sustainable Transport Director
Máté Kander
Petr Dolejsi
Transport Policy Director
Parliamentary Affairs Director
Fuensanta Martinez-Sans
Céline Domecq
Regulatory Affairs Director
Eskil Sturesson
8
ACEA Tokyo Office
Anthony Millington
+81 3 350 563 41
anrm@miinet.or.jp
ACEA
Avenue des Nerviens 85
B-1040 Brussels
+32 2 732 55 50
info@acea.be
ACEA Beijing Office
Dominik Declercq
+86 10 6463 4055
dd@acea-beijing.com

9. THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY POCKET GUIDE
ACEA members
FORD OF EUROPE GmbH
Henry Fordstrasse 1
D – 50725 Cologne
T. +49 221 900
DAIMLER AG
D – 70546 Stuttgart
T. +49 711 170
www.bmwgroup.com
www.daimler.com
DAF TRUCKS NV
Hugo van der Goeslaan 1
NL – 5643 PT Eindhoven
T. + 31 40 214 9111
FIAT SpA
Via Nizza 250
I – 10126 Turin
T. +39 011 003 11 11
GENERAL MOTORS EUROPE AG
ADAM OPEL AG
Bahnhofsplatz
D – 65423 Rüsselsheim
T. +49 6142 770
www.daftrucks.com
www.fiatspa.com
www.gm.com
ACEA
BMW AG
Petuelring 130
D – 80788 Munich
T. +49 89 3820
www.ford.com
9

10. ACEA
HYUNDAI MOTOR EUROPE GmbH
Kaiserleipromenade 5
D – 63067 Offenbach am Main
T. +49 69 271 4720
www.hyundai-europe.com
IVECO SpA
Via Puglia 35
I – 10156 Turin
T. +39 011 006 11 11
www.iveco.com
JAGUAR LAND ROVER
Banbury Road
Gaydon
UK – Warwick CV35 ORR
T. +44 19 2664 1111
www.jaguarlandrover.com
RENAULT SA
Quai Alphonse Le Gallo 13-15
F – 92109 Boulogne-Billancourt
T. +33 1 41 04 50 50
www.renault.com
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE SA
Avenue du Bourget 60
B – 1140 Brussels
T. +32 2 745 21 11
www.toyota.eu
VOLKSWAGEN AG
Berliner Ring 2
D – 38436 Wolfsburg
T. +49 536 190
www.volkswagenag.com
VOLVO CAR CORPORATION
S – 405 31 Gothenburg
T. +46 31 59 00 00
MAN Truck & Bus AG
(Commercial Vehicle Board member)
Postfach 50 06 20
D – 80995 Munich
T. +49 891 580 01
www.mantruckandbus.com
www.volvocars.com
PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN
Avenue de la Grande Armée 75
F – 75116 Paris Cedex
T. +33 1 40 66 55 11
SCANIA AB
(Commercial Vehicle Board member)
S – 151 87 Sodertalje
T. +46 8 55 38 10 00
www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com
10
AB VOLVO
S – 405 08 Gothenburg
T. +46 31 66 51 70
www.volvogroup.com
www.scania.com

11. THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY POCKET GUIDE
Brussels ACEA member representations
BMW Group Representative Office
Boulevard de Waterloo 25
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 737 50 30
Fiat Delegation to Europe
Rue Jules Cockx 12A
B –1160 Brussels
T. +32 2 513 63 92
Ford Motor Company EU Affairs
Rue Montoyer 40 B7
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 761 06 11
GM Europe Public Policy
& Government Relations
Rue d’Idalie 11-13
B –1050 Brussels
T. +32 2 773 69 81
Iveco Delegation to Europe
A. Gossetlaan 28A B3
B-1702 Groot-Bijgaarden
T. +32 2 467 12 11
ACEA
Daimler EU Corporate Representation
Rue Froissart 133
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 233 11 45
Hyundai Motor Group Brussels Office
Rue de la Loi 227
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 205 03 60
Jaguar Land Rover Brussels Office
Rue Abbé Cuypers 3
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 741 24 60
11

12. ACEA
PSA Peugeot Citroën EU Delegation
Avenue des Arts 53
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 545 11 79
Volkswagen Group EU Representation
Rue Archimède 25
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 645 49 53
Renault European Affairs
Avenue des Arts 40
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 274 10 00
Toyota Motor Europe
Avenue du Bourget 60
B –1140 Brussels
T. +32 2 745 33 13
12
Volvo Car Corporation
Brussels Office EU Affairs
Rue du Luxembourg 3
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 503 69 67
Volvo Group EU Representation
Rue du Luxembourg 3
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 482 58 70
MAN Truck & Bus Brussels Office
(Commercial Vehicle Board member)
Rue Jacques de Lalaing 4
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 230 41 95
Scania EU Representation
(Commercial Vehicle Board member)
c/o Kreab Gavin Anderson
Avenue de Tervueren 2
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 737 69 02

13. THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY POCKET GUIDE
ACEA associated organisations
_BULGARIA
ACM
_AUSTRIA
FFOE
Automobile Industry Association of Austria
Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63
A–1045 Vienna
T. +43 5 90 900 48 00
F. +43 5 90 900 289
Association of Car Manufacturers and their
Authorised Representatives for Bulgaria
Veliko Tarnovo Street 37
BG–1504 Sofia
T. +359 2 946 12 50
F. +359 2 94 33 944
www.svab.bg
www.wk.or.at/fahrzeuge
_CZECH
REPUBLIC
AIA CR (SAP)
Automotive Industry Association of the CR
Opletalova 55
CZ–110 00 Prague 1
T. +420 221 602 982
F. +420 224 239 690
www.autosap.cz
_BELGIUM
ACEA
_CYPRUS
OEB
FEBIAC
Employers & Industrialists Federation
Belgian Federation of Automobile &
Motorcycle Industries
DBI
Boulevard de la Woluwe 46 B6
B–1200 Brussels
T. +32 2 778 64 00
F. +32 2 762 81 71
Acropoleos Avenue 2 &
Glafkou Street
PoBox 21657
CY–1511 Nicosia
T. +357 22 66 51 02
F. +357 22 66 94 59
www.febiac.be
http://en.oeb.org.cy
www.bilimp.dk
_DENMARK
Danish Car Importers Association
Rådhuspladsen 16
DK–1550 Copenhagen V
T. +45 39 16 23 23
F. +45 39 16 24 24
13

14. ACEA
_ESTONIA
_FRANCE
_GREECE
AMTEL
CCFA
AMVIR (SEAA)
Union of Estonian Car Sales
and Service Enterprises
French Automobile Manufacturers’
Association
Association of Motor Vehicle Importers’
Representatives
Pärnu Road 232
EST–11314 Tallinn
T. +372 672 23 08
F. +372 650 21 97
Rue de Presbourg 2
F–75008 Paris
T. +33 1 49 52 51 00
F. +33 1 49 52 51 88
Kifisias Avenue 296
GR–152 32 Chalandri – Athens
T. +30 210 689 1400
F. +30 210 685 9 022
www.amtel.ee
www.ccfa.fr
www.seaa.gr
_FINLAND
_GERMANY
_HUNGARY
AUTOTUOJAT RY
AHAI (MGSZ)
Association of Automobile Importers
in Finland
German Association of the Automotive
Industry
Association of the Hungarian
Automotive Industry
Ateneuminkuja 2 C
FIN– 00100 Helsinki
T. +358 207 928 850
F. +358 207 928 859
Behrenstrasse 35
D –10117 Berlin
T. +49 30 897 8420
F. +49 30 897 842 600
Thán Károly u. 3– 5
H–1119 Budapest
T. +36 1 382 9805
F. +36 1 382 9810
www.autotuojat.fi
14
VDA
www.vda.de
www.gepjarmuipar.hu

15. THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY POCKET GUIDE
_ L AT V I A
_IRELAND
_ M A LTA
AUTO ASOCIĀCIJAS
ACIM
Society of the Irish Motor Industry
Automotive Association
Association of Car Importers Malta
Upper Pembroke Street 5
IRL– Dublin 2
T. +353 1 676 16 90
F. +353 1 661 92 13
Vangažu Street 5
LV–1024 Riga
T. +371 6 752 99 79
F. +371 6 754 03 15
PoBox 50 Valletta Building
MT– Sint Gwann
T. +356 21 38 57 74
F. +356 21 22 33 06
www.simi.ie
www.lpaa.lv
_THE
_LITHUANIA
_ I TA LY
ACEA
SIMI
NETHERLANDS
RAI
ANFIA
LAA
Motorcycle & Automobile Industry Association
Italian Association of the Automobile Industry
Lithuanian Autoenterpreneurs’ Association
Corso Galileo Ferraris 61
I – 10128 Turin
T. +39 011 554 65 11
F. +39 011 545 986
P. Žadeikos g. 1b
LT– 06319 Vilnius
T. +370 5 230 12 24
F. +370 5 230 12 25
Koningin Wilhelminaplein 30
PoBox 74800
NL–1062 KR Amsterdam
T. + 31 20 504 49 49
F. +31 20 646 38 57
www.anfia.it
www.laa.lt
www.raivereniging.nl
15

16. ACEA
_SLOVENIA
ADS
_ N O R W AY
_PORTUGAL
BIL
ACAP
Automobile Importers’ Association
Automobile Association of Portugal
Økernveien 99
PoBox 71 Økern
N– 0508 Oslo
T. +47 22 64 64 55
F. +47 22 64 85 95
Avenida Torre de Belém 29
P –1400– 342 Lisbon
T. +351 21 303 53 00
F. +351 21 302 14 74
www.acap.pt
www.bilimportorene.no
Association of Automobile Manufacturers
and Authorised Importers
c/o Chamber of Commerce
& Industry of Slovenia
Dimiceva 13
SI – 1000 Ljubljana
T. +386 1 58 98 217
F. +386 1 58 98 219
www.ads– slo.org
_ROMANIA
_POLAND
PZPM
ACAROM
_SLOVAK
REPUBLIC
Al. Niepodległości 69
PL– 02– 626 Warsaw
T. +48 22 322 71 98
F. +48 22 322 76 65
Str. Banu Mãrãcine – Bl. D5
RO –110194 Pitesti
T. +40 248 211 245
F. +40 248 217 990
Tomášikova 26
SK – 821 01 Bratislava
T. +421 2 4364 2235
F. +421 2 4364 2237
www.pzpm.org.pl
16
ZAP SR
Polish Automotive Industry Association
Automobile Manufacturers’ Association
of Romania
www.acarom.ro
www.zapsr.sk
Automotive Industry Association SR

17. THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY POCKET GUIDE
_SPAIN
_SWITZERLAND
_UNITED
ANFAC
AUTO-SUISSE
Spanish Association of Car
& Truck Manufacturers
Automobile Association
of Swiss Importers
SMMT
Iberia Mart II Building
Calle Orense 34
E – 28020 Madrid
T. +34 91 343 13 45
F. +34 91 343 13 77
Mittelstrasse 32
Postfach 5232
CH – 3001 Bern
T. +41 31 306 65 65
F. +41 31 306 65 50
Great Peter Street 71
UK – London SW1P 2BN
T. +44 207 235 70 00
F. +44 207 235 71 12
www.anfac.com
www.auto-suisse.ch
www.auto-schweiz.ch
KINGDOM
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders
ACEA
www.smmt.co.uk
_SWEDEN
_TURKEY
BIL Sweden
Swedish Association of Automobile
Manufacturers & Importers
OSD
Box 26173 – Storgatan 19
S – 100 41 Stockholm
T. +46 8 700 41 00
F. +46 8 791 23 11
Atilla Sokak 10 Altunizade
TR– 34676 Istanbul
T. +90 216 318 29 94
F. +90 216 321 94 97
www.bilsweden.se
www.osd.org.tr
Automotive Manufacturers’ Association
17

18. ACEA
The European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) is the collaborative
research organisation of the major automobile manufacturers in Europe,
with the mission to strengthen the competitiveness of the manufacturers
through strategic collaborative research and innovation.
The EUCAR Office is composed of:
Simon Godwin
sg@eucar.be
Director
Alessandro Coda
ac@eucar.be
Research Coordinator
Assistant to Chairman and Director
eucar@eucar.be
EUCAR members are:
BMW, DAF, Daimler, Fiat,
Ford Europe, GM/Opel,
Jaguar Land Rover, Porsche,
PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault,
Scania, Volkswagen,
Volvo Cars and Volvo Group.
18
Together with its members, EUCAR drives the strategy and assessment
of collaborative automotive research and innovation, and establishes
common work with the European Commission, member states and other
key stakeholders. These activities facilitate the participation of EUCAR’s
members in high-quality projects with industrially-relevant results. Projects
are mainly financed through the EU Framework Programmes for research
and innovation, matched with industry funding.
EUCAR’s activities also cover commercial vehicle research and
development.
EUCAR collaborative research is focused on the following domains:
Sustainable propulsion
Safe and integrated mobility
Affordability and competitiveness
EUCAR is governed by its Council, composed of the heads
of the research and advanced development divisions of the member
companies. EUCAR’s Chairman is nominated annually from the Council
on a rotating basis.

19. KEY FIGURES
KEY FIGURES

20. THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY POCKET GUIDE
Cars and buses offer freedom and
mobility for all, providing us with
direct access to education, health
and employment.
Trucks and vans deliver the goods
and services we take for granted
in our daily lives, carrying 75% of
freight transported over land and
delivering 18 billion tonnes
of goods per year.
Many of our essential public
services - such as postal, waste
and emergency services - are
delivered by cars, trucks and
vans.
12.9 million people work
in the sector – representing 5.3%
of the EU employed population.
The 3 million high-skilled jobs
in automotive manufacturing
represent 10% of the EU’s
manufacturing employment.
The automotive sector is the
EU’s largest investor in R&D,
accounting for 25% of total R&D
spending.
KEY FIGURES
The automobile
industry:
the engine
of Europe
The EU auto industry invests over
€32 billion into R&D and applies
for 9,500 patents per year.
21

21. KEY FIGURES
Vehicle manufacturing is a
strategic industry in the EU,
where 16.2 million cars,
vans, trucks and buses are
manufactured.
Motor vehicles account for over
€385 billion in tax contribution
in just 14 EU countries - a vital
source of government revenue.
ACEA’s members operate 208
vehicle assembly and production
plants in 22 countries across
Europe.
Europe’s cars, vans, trucks
and buses are the cleanest, safest
and quietest in the world.
Europe leads the way in clean
production, with decreasing
quantities of water and energy
used to manufacture a vehicle,
and much less CO2 and waste
produced in the process.
22
The European auto industry is
a global player, delivering
6.6 million ‘Made in Europe’
vehicles around the world, and
bringing in a €92 billion trade
surplus.
turnov
The €839 billion turnover
generated by the automotive
sector represents 6.9% of EU
GDP.
The automobile industry has
ripple effects throughout the
economy, supporting a vast
supply chain and generating an
array of business services.

22. THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY POCKET GUIDE
Driving sustainable mobility...
Europe’s cars, vans, trucks and buses are the cleanest, safest and quietest in the world.
Europe leads the way in clean production, with decreasing quantities of water and energy used
to manufacture a vehicle, and much less CO2 and waste being produced in the process.
Over the past 30 years, safety technologies have helped halve the number of road deaths, despite
a three-fold increase in traffic.
One car in the 1970s produced as many pollutant emissions as 100 cars today.
The average car engine emits 28 times less carbon monoxide than 20 years ago.
In 2012, 71% of new cars emitted less than 140g of CO2 per kilometre, and more than half of those
less than 120g.
An average new car today consumes 15% less fuel per 100km than 10 years ago.
Noise from passenger cars has been reduced by 90% since 1970.
Pollutant emissions from trucks have been slashed to near-zero levels, down 98% since 1990.
KEY FIGURES
Trucks’ fuel consumption - and therefore CO2 emissions - has decreased by over a third
since 1970.
A modern truck needs just 1 litre of fuel to transport 1 tonne of goods over a distance of 100km.
25 of today’s trucks and buses are quieter than one built in 1980.
23

23. KEY FIGURES
The automobile sector is the EU’s biggest investor in R&D
R&D shares of sectors of the main world regions | 2011
Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology
Automobiles & parts
Software & computer services
Chemicals
Industrial engineering
Aerospace & defence
Leisure goods
EU
Technology hardware & equipment
Electronical equipment
General industrials
Other
15%
US
12%
25%
23%
Japan
11%
0%
23%
11%
10%
20%
30%
5%
7%
25%
SOURCE: THE 2012 EU INDUSTRIAL R&D INVESTMENT SCOREBOARD
EUROPEAN COMMISSION, JRC/DG RTD
24
3%
4%
40%
50%
5%
5%
6%
16%
11%
2% 3%
7%
60%
3%
70%
11
3%
23%
4%
11%
1
4%
13%
5%
80%
13%
90%
100%

24. THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY POCKET GUIDE
Spurring innovation
Patent applications filed by the automotive sector | 2012
55.6%
EU
21.6%
Japan
14.8%
US
1.9%
Switzerland
1.2%
Taiwan
2.4%
patents
China
0.8%
9,541
were filed by the automotive sector
Canada
0.8%
a total of
2012,
South Korea
0.9%
In
Others
KEY FIGURES
at the European Patent Office
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE DATA - 2013
25

25. EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT

26. KEY FIGURES
Key figures
PRODUCTION
NEW REGISTRATIONS
EMPLOYMENT
TURNOVER
R&D INVESTMENT
VALUE ADDED
EXPORTS
IMPORTS
TRADE BALANCE
MV IN USE (PARC)
(EU27)
Total motor vehicles (World)
Total motor vehicles (EU27)
Total passenger cars (World)
Total passenger cars (EU27)
Production value
Total motor vehicles (World)
Total motor vehicles (EU27)
Total passenger cars (World)
Total passenger cars (EU27)
Diesel (Western Europe)
Manufacture of motor vehicles (EU27)
Total (including indirect, EU27)
Manufacture of motor vehicles (EU27)
ACEA members
EU27
Extra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Total motor vehicles
Passenger Cars
Motorisation rate (cars)
TAX REVENUE FROM MOTOR VEHICLES (EU15)
W.EUROPE = EU15 + EFTA
SOURCE: ACEA, VDA, AAA, IHS GLOBAL INSIGHT, EUROSTAT
26
2012
2012
2012
2012
2011
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2010
2010
2011
2012
2010
2012
2012
2012
2011
2011
2011
2012
84.1m units
16.2m units
63.1m units
14.6m units
€ 718.7bn
82.1m units
13.7m units
69.1m units
12.1m units
55%
2.2m people
12.9m people
€840.5bn
€32.3bn
€141.1bn
€119.8bn
€27.9bn
€91.9bn
277.0m units
242.2m units
483 per 1,000 inhab.
€384.6bn
= 19% of worldwide MV production
= 23% of worldwide PC production
= 17% of worldwide MV registrations/sales
= 18% of worldwide PC registrations/sales
= 7.2% of EU manufacturing
= 5.3% of EU employed population
= 4% of turnover
= 9% of manufacturing sector

27. EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
The automotive industry generates 12.9 million jobs in the EU
Automobile sector: direct and indirect* employment
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY (PRODUCTION OPERATIONS)
› Automobile manufacturing
› Coachwork, trailers, caravans
› Equipment and accessories
(NACE c291)
(NACE c292)
(NACE c293)
2.2m jobs
direct
3.0m jobs
OTHER MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES
› Manufacture, retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres and tubes
› Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements
› Manufacture of cooling and ventilation equipment
› Manufacture of computers and other information processing equipment
› Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers
(NACE c2211)
(NACE c2815)
(NACE c2825)
(NACE c262)
(NACE c2711)
manufacturing
0.8m jobs
indirect
(NACE g451)
(NACE g452)
(NACE g453)
(NACE g473)
(NACE n771)
Total
12.9m jobs
4.3m jobs
10.7m jobs
indirect
9.9m jobs
non-manufacturing
TRANSPORT
(NACE h493)
(NACE h4941)
4.8m jobs
(NACE f4211)
(NACE f4213)
0.7m jobs
Trade
› Passenger land transport (urban and suburban, taxi)
› Freight transport by road
CONSTRUCTION
› Construction of roads and motorways
› Construction of bridges and tunnels
Taxation
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT MOST RECENT DATA AVAILABLE - 2010
AUTOMOBILE USE
› Sale of motor vehicles
› Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles
› Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories
› Retail sale of automotive fuel
› Renting and leasing of motor vehicles
* Indirect employment data does not report employment in raw material sector (eg steel, aluminium, glass, etc), textile, driving schools, licensing activities, vehicle testing, vehicle insurance and financing, etc.
29

28. EMPLOYMENT
Trends in automotive employment in the EU
EU automobile employment – by year | 2008 – 2010
Units
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000
10,000,000
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT MOST RECENT COMPREHENSIVE DATA AVAILABLE - 2010
8,000,000
6,000,000
Manufacturing direct
4,000,000
Manufacturing indirect*
Automobile use
2,000,000
Transport
Construction
0
2008
EMPLOYMENT RELATED TO THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR
2009
2010
2008
2009
2010
% CHG 10/08
2,233,422
2,218,600
2,176,498
-2.5%
813,947
877,120
816,994
0.4%
Automobile use
4,443,645
4,549,700
4,348,100
-2.2%
Transport
5,111,300
4,816,500
4,818,900
-5.7%
759,100
748,400
713,200
-6.0%
13,361,414
13,210,320
12,873,692
-3.7%
Manufacturing direct
Manufacturing indirect *
Construction
Total
* Indirect employment data does not report employment in raw material sector (eg steel, aluminium, glass, etc), textile, driving schools, licensing activities, vehicle testing, vehicle insurance and financing, etc.
30

29. EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
10% of EU’s manufacturing employment is in the automotive sector
Total manufacturing employment in the EU (% share)
Direct automotive
EU manufacturing employment
non-automotive 30m 90.0%
Indirect automotive
2.7% manufacturing employment 0.8m
2.2m people
= 7.3% of total EU employment in manufacturing
Manufacturing employment related to the automotive sector
3.0m people
= 10.0% of total EU employment in manufacturing
Total automotive employment (manufacturing, services* and construction) 12.9m people
EU27 total population in 2010
= 5.3% of EU employed population
493.8m people
EU27 total employment in 2010
Trade
Direct automotive employment (manufacturing)
216.4m people
EU27 employed population in the manufacturing sector
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT MOST RECENT DATA AVAILABLE - 2010
30.0m people
Taxation
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT DATA - 2010
7.3% manufacturing employment 2.2m
= 13.9% of total employed population
*in activities specified
31

30. EMPLOYMENT
A closer look at automotive employment
Direct automotive employment - by country | 2010
Units - in thousands
900
800
749
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT DATA 2010 - REVISED IN 2013
700
32
600
500
400
300
225
200
171
149
141
140
136
117
100
66
65
51
35
30
29
20
13
10
7
4
3
3
1
1
0
SK
BE
PT
AT
NL
SI
BG
FI
DK
EE
IE
LT
LV
CY
0
DE
FR
IT
PL
ES
CZ
UK
RO
SE
HU

31. EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
Road transport accounts for almost half of all transport-related jobs
Employment* – by mode of transport in the EU (% share) | 2010
Warehousing and support activities 23.9%
Passenger transport
18.5%
Railways 6.5%
Air transport 3.8%
Sea transport 1.7%
Inland water transport 0.4%
Pipelines 0.2%
Trade
Feight transport
28.0%
Taxation
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT DATA - 2010
Road transport 46.5%
Postal and courier activities 17.0%
* Employment in companies the main activity of which lies in the transport mode concerned
33

32. PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION

33. PRODUCTION
23.2% of the world’s cars are produced in the EU
Passenger car production - international comparison (% share) | 2000 – 2012
NAFTA
Japan
South Korea
BRIC
PRODUCTION
EU*
Units
25,000,000
37.1%
35.2%
20,000,000
39.3%
34.1%
26.2%
15,000,000
10,000,000
19.2%
20.3% 20.3%
14.3%
13.6%
15.8%
14.2%
SOURCE: OICA - 2013
23.2%
11.0%
8.7%
5,000,000
8.4%
6.6%
7.2%
6.3%
6.6%
0
2000
2005
2010
2012
Passenger car production - world | 2012
VOLUME
EU*
% SHARE
14,611,284
23.2%
6,956,158
11.0%
Japan
8,554,219
13.6%
South Korea
4,167,089
6.6%
23,401,647
37.1%
SOURCE: OICA – 2013
NAFTA
BRIC
Others
Total World
5,379,144
8.5%
63,069,541
100%
* Constant EU27 perimeter throughout the period
37

34. PRODUCTION
Passenger car production - world (% share) | 2012
11.0% NAFTA
SOURCE: ACEA - OICA – 2013
13.6% Japan
23.2% EU
South Korea
6.6%
India
5.2%
Asia-Others
4.3%
Brazil
4.2%
Others
3.2%
Russia
3.1%
Europe - Others
1.0%
Thailand
24.6% China
7.2%
Asia - others : Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand
Europe - others : Serbia, Turkey, Ukraine
Others : Argentina, Egypt, Iran, South Africa, Uzbekistan
Commercial vehicle production - world (% share) | 2012
6.6%
Japan
7.7%
EU
SOURCE: ACEA - OICA – 2013
India
38
17.8% China
41.9% NAFTA
4.1%
Europe - Others
3.6%
Others
3.5%
Brazil
3.4%
Turkey
2.7%
Asia-Others
2.2%
South Korea
1.9%
Asia - others : Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan
Europe - others : Russia, Serbia, Ukraine
Others : Argentina, Egypt, Iran, South Africa, Uzbekistan

35. PRODUCTION
World car production is on the rise
Units
+5.2%
60,000,000
+22.0%
+6.6%
+6.2%
40,000,000
-0.7%
+4.2%
+3.7%
-3.4%
+3.8%
2003
-9.4%
+5.2%
+1.5%
2002
+2.9%
-0.9%
+6.5%
50,000,000
SOURCE: BASED ON OICA - 2013
PRODUCTION
World passenger car production – trend | 1997-2012
30,000,000
20,000,000
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
World passenger car production – international comparison | 2001-2012
Units
18,000,000
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000
EU
10,000,000
SOURCE: BASED ON OICA – 2013
China
8,000,000
Japan
6,000,000
South Korea
4,000,000
India
USA
2,000,000
Brazil
0
Russia
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
39

36. PRODUCTION
World commercial vehicle production is climbing
World commercial vehicle production - trend | 1999-2012
Units
25,000,000
20,000,000
SOURCE: BASED ON OICA – 2013
+4.0%
-4.0%
+7.0%
+6.0%
+6.7%
-1.6%
-1.6%
+3.9%
+38.1%
+4.1%
+4.5%
2011
2012
-11.3%
15,000,000
-21.2%
10,000,000
5,000,000
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
World commercial vehicle production - international comparison | 2001-2012
Units
9,000,000
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000
USA
5,000,000
SOURCE: BASED ON OICA – 2013
China
40
4,000,000
EU
3,000,000
Thailand
2,000,000
Canada
Japan
1,000,000
Mexico
0
India
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012

37. PRODUCTION
16.2 million vehicles are produced in the EU
+
AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
CZECH REPUBLIC
19,060
507,204
33,890
541,094
1,171,774
568
1,172,342
n.a.
1,967,765
2,900
FRANCE ²
1,682,814
284,951
GERMANY ²
5,388,456
260,813
HUNGARY
396,817
142,662
2,900
241,186
28,000
n.a.
5,649,269
2,400
215,440
ITALY
SOURCE: ACEA - 2012 (NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATIONS)
TOTAL
123,602
FINLAND
NETHERLANDS
PRODUCTION
Motor vehicle production in the EU – by country | 2012
217,840
33,411
671,414
21,800
49,800
POLAND
540,000
103,923
764
644,687
PORTUGAL
115,735
43,831
3,990
163,556
ROMANIA
326,556
11,187
22
SLOVAKIA
900,000
SLOVENIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN ²
UNITED KINGDOM
EU ¹
337,765
900,000
126,836
4,113
1,539,680
392,624
46,875
n.a.
162,814
1,464,906
94,045
16,289
1,575,240
14,611,284
1,435,990
186,204
16,233,478
162,814
130,949
1,979,179
1. Double countings are deducted from the totals
2. Figures for CVs + B&C were not communicated in 2012
41

38. PRODUCTION
Trends in EU car production
Passenger car production in the EU | 1990-2012
Units
18,000,000
+5.6%
+8.8%
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000
-3.2%
+2%
+12.4%
+3.8%
+2.9%
+1.1%
+3.1%
+0.2%
-1.2%
-1.2%
+1.9%
+4.3%
-0.9%
+1.3%
-6.7%
+9.9%
+2.7%
-6.9%
-12.8%
-15.1%
10,000,000
8,000,000
SOURCE: ACEA – 2013
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia
Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
42

39. PRODUCTION
Trends in EU commercial vehicle production
PRODUCTION
Commercial vehicle production in the EU | 1990-2012
Units
3,000,000
+5.4%
+13.2%
+7.5%
+17.3%
2,000,000
-7.7%
-3.3%
-3.3%
-6.0%
+2.3%
+3.8%
+3.3%
+3.8%
-5.2%
+9.8%
+39.3%
+10.2% +2.2%
-1.0%
-18.7%
+20.6%
-23.5%
-47.3%
SOURCE: ACEA - 2013
1,000,000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
43

40. PRODUCTION
The EU produces 35 vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants
Motor vehicle production per 1,000 inhabitants | 2012
180
167
160
140
120
112
100
Production / 1,000 inhabitants
SOURCE: EUROSTAT; ACEA - 2013
80
69
64
60
49
43
40
35
25
22
17
17
17
16
16
11
3
0
SK
CZ
DE
SI
BE
ES
FR
EU
* Only production of cars available in 2012
44
30
20
UK
HU
SE*
AT
PL
RO
PT
IT
NL
1
FI*

41. PRODUCTION
ACEA members operate 208 plants across Europe
EU
Plants
NON - EU
Austria
6
Belarus
2
Belgium
8
Kazakhstan
2
Bulgaria
Plants
1
Russia
11
Serbia
2
Finland
2
Turkey
15
France
36
Ukraine
5
Germany
46
Uzbekistan
2
Hungary
5
Czech Republic
Italy
Netherlands
23
9
32
ALL MANUFACTURERS Countries
Plants
Total Europe
25
293
TOTAL EU
18
233
Countries
Plants
Poland
14
Portugal
6
Romania
3
ACEA MEMBERS
Slovakia
3
Total Europe
22
208
Slovenia
1
TOTAL EU
17
183
Spain
15
Sweden
SOURCE: ACEA - 2013
PRODUCTION
Automobile assembly and production plants in Europe
14
United Kingdom
30
45

42. PRODUCTION
Europe leads the way in resource-efficient production
European automobile manufacturers have significantly reduced the environmental impact of vehicle production
in recent years.
Long-term strategies to reduce water consumption have made it possible to reduce the water use per car produced by 28.5% from 2005 to 2012. This includes the
increased application of re-circulation technologies for the reuse of water.
Water used
million m3
m3/car
6.50
100
-35.3
%
95
6.00
90
85
5.50
80
75
5.00
SOURCE: ACEA - 2013
70
65
4.50
60
55
50
4.00
2005
2006
Water total (million m3/year)
46
2007
Water per unit produced (m3/car)
2008
2009
Total industry volume production
2010
2011
2012

43. PRODUCTION
Energy consumption
million MWh
MWh/car
-10
.7%
3.3
40
3.1
35
2.9
SOURCE: ACEA - 2013
30
2.7
25
2.5
20
2005
2006
Energy total (million MWh/year)
2007
2008
2009
2010
Energy per unit produced (MWh/car)
2011
2012
Total industry volume production
PRODUCTION
45
As cars are equipped with more and more features to make
them safer, more comfortable and more environmentallyfriendly, the complexity of production increases as well,
which affects energy demand. However, manufacturers
constantly work on improving energy-efficiency. As a
result, total energy consumption over the last years, from
2005 to 2012, decreased by 10.7%. Fluctuation in energy
per car produced can be explained by lower volumes in
production in certain years and weather conditions such
as the harsh winter of 2012.
CO2 emissions
million tons
tons/car
14
0.90
13
0.85
12
0.80
11
0.75
-19.0
0%
0.70
SOURCE: ACEA - 2013
10
0.65
9
0.60
8
0.55
7
0.50
2005
2006
CO2 emissions total (million t/year)
2007
2008
2009
2010
CO2 emissions per unit produced (t/car)
2011
2012
Total industry volume production
The CO2 emissions per vehicle produced in the same
period dropped by 10.4%, while the overall figure went
down by 19.0%, reflecting the industry’s efforts to reduce
CO2 emissions.
47

44. PRODUCTION
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emissions
tons
kg/car
65,000
4.10
3.90
60,000
3.70
- 42
55,000
.6%
3.50
50,000
3.30
3.10
45,000
- 34.
SOURCE: ACEA - 2013
8%
2.90
40,000
2.70
35,000
2.50
2.30
30,000
2005
VOC emissions total (t)
2006
2007
VOC emissions per unit produced (kg/car)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total industry volume production
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are organic solvents mainly emitted from paintshops. The graph shows the VOC emissions per car produced and the absolute emissions
of all passenger car manufacturers altogether. With new technologies such as water-based paints that replace solvent-based paints, manufacturers have been able to reduce
emissions by 34.8% per vehicle over the last eight years.
48

45. PRODUCTION
Waste (excluding scrap metal)
kg/car
PRODUCTION
tons
1,700,000
120.00
-3.8%
8
1,600,000
100.00
1,500,000
80.00
1,400,000
60.00
1,300,000
SOURCE: ACEA - 2013
40.00
1,200,000
%
+6.3
1,100,000
20.00
1,000,000
0.00
2005
2006
Waste total (t/year) excluding scrap metal
2007
2008
2009
Waste per unit produced (kg/car) excluding scrap metal
2010
2011
2012
Total industry volume production
The total amount of waste generated by the manufacturing of vehicles went down 3.8% over eight years. The 6.3% increase noted in the waste per unit produced occurs
mainly due to the increasing portion of one-way packaging which is a result of globalisation. Fluctuation both in absolute waste and waste per car, especially in 2008,
can be explained by the occurrence of singular events such as the formation of demolition waste.
49

46. REGISTRATIONS
REGISTRATIONS

47. R E GIS T R AT I O N S
Europe accounts for 23% of all motor vehicle registrations
New motor vehicle registrations – world (market shares) | 2012
2012
% share
EUROPE
18,573
22.6%
19,648
-5.5%
EU
13,749
16.8%
15,065
-8.7%
549
0.7%
539
1.9%
3,194
3.9%
2,902
10.0%
EFTA
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
AMERICA
NAFTA
of which USA
MERCOSUR
818
1.0%
2011 % change 12/11
911
22.6%
America 27.0%
EU
EFTA
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
16.8%
0.7%
3.9%
1.0%
0.3%
NAFTA 21.4%
USA 18.0%
MERCOSUR
5.6%
Brazil
4.6%
-10.2%
264
0.3%
231
14.2%
22,151
27.0%
20,105
10.2%
17,525
21.4%
15,596
12.4%
14,786
18.0%
13,041
13.4%
4,626
5.6%
4,509
2.6%
3,796
4.6%
3,625
4.7%
ASIA
33,644
41.0%
30,594
10.0%
China
19,304
23.5%
18,505
4.3%
India
3,580
4.4%
3,292
8.8%
Japan
5,370
6.5%
4,210
27.5%
South Korea
1,542
1.9%
1,580
-2.4%
Asia-Others 1
3,849
4.7%
3,008
28.0%
7,704
9.4%
8,110
-5.0%
82,072 100.0%
78,457
4.6%
of which Brazil
SOURCE: ACEA, VDA - 2013
Europe
REGISTRATIONS
MOTOR VEHICLES in 1,000 units
OTHERS
TOTAL WORLD
Asia 41.0%
Others
9.4%
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Asia-Others 1
23.5%
6.5%
4.4%
1.9%
4.7%
1. Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam
53

48. R E G I S T R AT I O N S
Over 16 million cars were registered in Europe in 2012
New passenger car registrations - world (market shares) | 2012
PASSENGER CARS in 1,000 units
2012
% share
EUROPE
16,257
23.5%
17,048
-4.6%
EU
12,054
17.5%
13,130
-8.2%
474
0.7%
462
2.5%
2,935
4.3%
2,654
10.6%
EFTA
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
AMERICA 1
NAFTA
of which USA
MERCOSUR
556
0.8%
2011 % change 12/11
594
238
0.3%
207
America 31.2%
17.5%
0.7%
4.3%
0.8%
0.3%
NAFTA 24.8%
USA 20.9%
MERCOSUR
6.4%
Brazil
5.3%
14.5%
21,529
31.2%
19,492
10.4%
17,098
24.8%
15,221
12.3%
14,440
20.9%
12,734
13.4%
4,431
6.4%
4,271
3.7%
5.3%
3,426
6.1%
ASIA
24,200
35.0%
21,428
12.9%
China
13,239
19.2%
12,214
8.4%
India
SOURCE: ACEA, VDA - 2013
23.5%
EU
EFTA
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
-6.3%
3,634
2,777
4.0%
2,514
10.4%
Japan
4,572
6.6%
3,525
29.7%
South Korea
1,307
1.9%
1,316
-0.7%
Asia-Others 2
2,306
3.3%
1,859
24.1%
7,074
10.2%
7,448
-5.0%
69,060 100.0%
65,416
5.6%
of which Brazil
54
Europe
OTHERS
TOTAL WORLD
Asia
Others
10.2%
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Asia-Others 2
1. Including light commercial vehicles
2. Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam
35%
19.2%
6.6%
4.0%
1.9%
3.3%

49. R E GIS T R AT I O N S
Europe accounts for 18% of worldwide commercial vehicle registrations
New commercial vehicle registrations – world (market shares) | 2012
% share
2011 % change 12/11
EUROPE
2,316
17.8%
2,600
-10.9%
EU
1,695
13.0%
1,935
-12.4%
75
0.6%
76
-1.8%
258
2.0%
248
4.1%
EFTA
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
261
2.0%
317
17.8%
EU
EFTA
Turkey
Russia
Ukraine
13.0%
0.6%
2.0%
2.0%
0.2%
America 4.8%
NAFTA
3.3%
USA
2.7%
MERCOSUR
1.5%
Brazil
1.2%
-17.6%
10.9%
26
0.2%
23
AMERICA 1
622
4.8%
613
1.4%
NAFTA
427
3.3%
376
13.7%
346
2.7%
306
13.0%
195
1.5%
237
-18.0%
161
1.2%
200
-19.1%
ASIA
9,444
72.6%
9,166
3.0%
China
6,065
46.6%
6,291
-3.6%
India
803
6.2%
777
3.3%
Japan
797
6.1%
685
16.3%
-10.8%
of which USA
MERCOSUR
of which Brazil
SOURCE: VDA, ACEA - 2013
Europe
REGISTRATIONS
COMMERCIAL VEHICLES in 1,000 units 2012
South Korea
Asia-Others 2
OTHERS
TOTAL WORLD
235
1.8%
263
1,543
11.9%
1,149
4.8%
662
13,041
-0.2%
4.8%
46.6%
6.2%
6.1%
1.8%
11.9%
-4.8%
13,012 100.0%
Others
34.3%
630
Asia 72.6%
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Asia-Others 2
1. Excluding light commercial vehicles
2. Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam
55

50. R E G I S T R AT I O N S
The EU represents a market of almost 14 million vehicles
Motor vehicle registrations in the EU - by country (in units) | 2012
TOTAL
TOTAL
AT
336,010
31,508
6,589
722
374,829
LV
10,665
2,236
1,605
92
14,598
BE
486,737
54,607
8,474
701
550,519
LT
12,170
1,598
2,759
145
16,672
BG
19,419
3,118
n.a.
n.a.
22,537
LU
50,398
3,262
995
159
54,814
CY
10,967
1,293
88
n.a.
12,348
NL
502,528
56,576
12,002
779
571,885
CZ
174,009
11,821
7,234
731
193,795
PL
273,589
38,507
16,436
1,271
329,803
DK
170,763
24,109
3,770
506
199,148
PT
95,290
16,011
1,892
223
113,416
2,139
726
116
20,248
RO
66,436
9,389
2,817
1,463
80,105
111,251
11,469
3,252
533
126,505
SK
69,268
5,103
3,511
307
78,189
FR
1,898,760
381,233
45,678
6,062
2,331,733
SI
48,648
6,412
1,097
92
56,249
DE
56
17,267
FI
SOURCE: ACEA - 2013 (NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATIONS)
EE
3,082,504
219,422
86,937
5,139
3,394,002
ES
699,589
76,933
12,827
1,642
790,991
GR
58,482
3,707
211
118
62,518
SE
279,899
39,303
5,610
1,629
326,441
HU
53,059
10,900
4,158
51
68,168
UK
2,044,609
239,641
42,280
7,233
2,333,763
EU ¹
12,053,904
1,377,283
285,809
32,081
13,749,077
IE
79,498
10,874
1,120
236
91,728
IT
1,402,089
116,112
13,741
2,131
1,534,073
IS
7,902
444
87
69
8,502
NO
137,967
31,850
5,861
1,231
176,909
CH
328,139
30,922
3,853
509
363,423
EFTA
1. Data for Malta not available
EU+EFTA
474,008
63,216
9,801
1,809
548,834
12,527,912
1,440,499
295,610
33,890
14,297,911

51. R E GIS T R AT I O N S
Vehicle sales mirror economic growth
New passenger car registrations in the EU and GDP | 1990-2012
New PC registrations – EU
EU GDP
Eurostat forecast
+4
+3
+2
14,000,000
+1
+0
13,000,000
REGISTRATIONS
15,000,000
GDP growth (%)
New PC registrations (units)
SOURCE: AAA, ACEA, DG ECFIN
16,000,000
-1
12,000,000
-2
-3
11,000,000
-4
10,000,000
-5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
New commercial vehicle registrations in the EU and GDP | 1997-2012
New CV registrations – EU
EU GDP
Eurostat forecast
+4
+3
2,500,000
+2
2,300,000
+1
+0
2,100,000
GDP growth (%)
New CV registrations (units)
SOURCE: AAA, ACEA, DG ECFIN
2,700,000
-1
1,900,000
-2
-3
1,700,000
-4
1,500,000
-5
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
57

52. R E G I S T R AT I O N S
Trend in new EU car registrations
New passenger car registrations in the EU (in units – % change) | 1990-2012
Units
16,000,000
+3.8%
15,000,000
+5.0%
+5.0%
-2.1%
+7.2%
14,000,000
+0.6%
-2.7%
+1.6%
+1.0%
-0.6%
-8.0%
-1.2%
-5.5%
13,000,000
-0.6%
+0.8%
+4.9%
-1.7%
SOURCE: ACEA - 2013
+6.3%
58
-8.3%
12,000,000
11,000,000
+6.0%
+0.7%
-16.9%
10,000,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

53. R E GIS T R AT I O N S
Trend in new EU commercial vehicle registrations
New light commercial vehicle registrations in the EU (in units – % change) | 1997-2012
Units
2,000,000,
+9.0%
+5.6%
+9.5%
-2.8%
-2.5%
+3.0%
+0.4%
+5.7%
-9.7%
-2.7%
+13.1%
1,500,000
-29.5%
+8.7%
+7.5%
REGISTRATIONS
SOURCE: ACEA, BASED ON AAA DATA - 2013
2,500,000
-7.4%
1,000,000
500,000
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
New medium & heavy commercial vehicle registrations in the EU (in units – % change) | 1997-2012
Units
SOURCE: ACEA, BASED ON AAA DATA - 2013
500,000
400,000
+12.7%
+2.5%
300,000
+9.5%
-3.7%
-10.0%
+16.5%
+6.1%
+6.4%
+6.5%
-2.6%
-1.2%
+19.7%
-44.4%
-6.0%
+7.1%
200,000
100,000
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
59

54. R E G I S T R AT I O N S
A closer look at consumer demand
New passenger cars sold in Europe* – by segment (in units) | 1994-2012
Units
Small (A+B)
Lower Medium (C)
Upper Medium (D)
Luxury (E+F)
MPV
SUV
Others
6,000,000
5,000,000
SOURCE: IHS GLOBAL INSIGHT
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
New cars sold in Europe* – by segment (% share) | 2012
Lower medium (C) 23.0%
Upper medium (D) 12.0%
SOURCE: IHS GLOBAL INSIGHT
Luxury (E+F)
60
4.0%
MPV 12.0%
SUV 12.0%
Others
2.0%
Small (A+B) 35.0%
* Europe = EU27 (without Luxembourg) + Norway, Switzerland
More information on trends in new car characteristics at www.acea.be

55. R E GIS T R AT I O N S
2.4 new cars were registered per 100 inhabitants in the EU in 2012
New passenger car registrations per 100 inhabitants (in units) | 2012
Units
12.0
9.8
REGISTRATIONS
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.9
4.4
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.0
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.3
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
HU GR
LV
LT
RO BG
0.3
0.0
SOURCE: ACEA, EUROSTAT - 2013
LU CH BE
AT
DE NO
IS
UK FR DK NL
SE
SI
EU 15
IT
FI
IE
CZ ES CY EE
SK
PT
PL
EU 11
EU 27
EU = EU27, data for Malta n.a.
EU15 = AT, BE, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GR, IE, IT, LU, NL, PT, SE, UK
EU11 = BG, CY, CZ, EE, HU, LV, LT, PL, RO, SK, SI
61

56. R E G I S T R AT I O N S
The drive towards fuel efficiency
SOURCE: BASED ON AAA DATA - 1995-2009:
EU15, 2010-2012: 23 EU COUNTRIES (DATA FOR BG, RO, CY, MT N.A.)
Demand for passenger cars ≤ 120g CO2 /km | 1995-2012
Units
4,594,922
4,500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
0
4,283,478
3,865,560
3,247,803
2,057,924
+6.8%
1,494,098
839,488
958,591
904,845
1,008,992
2003
2004
2005
2006
583,614
2
1995 1996
20,339
88,174
159,384
306,514
813
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
SOURCE: BASED ON AAA DATA - 1995-2009:
EU15, 2010-2012: 23 EU COUNTRIES (DATA FOR BG, RO, CY, MT N.A.)
New passenger cars in the EU – by CO2 emissions | 1995-2012
62
80%
65%
CO2 emissions (g/km)
42%
37%
36% 34%
35%
23%
1995
7%
0%
1998
2001
23% 25%
27% 25%
16%
30% 29%
39%
33% 33%
19% 21%
15%
11%
8%
3%
0%
27% 26%
21%
20%
3%
31%
29%
28%
17%
32%
161+
160-141
19%
12%
18%
140-121
120 and less
2004
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012

57. R E GIS T R AT I O N S
CO2 emissions of new cars: continuing the downward trend
Average CO2 emissions of new cars in the EU in 2012 (in gCO2 /km)
% change
2012/2007
DK
117
-25.7%
PT
119
-16.6%
NL
123
-25.1%
FR
124
-16.8%
IE
125
-24.2%
GR
127
-22.9%
BE
128
-16.4%
IT
128
132
133
134
LU
138
-16.3%
AT
138
-15.0%
LT: 145
NL: 123 ; -25.1%
PL: 141 ; -8.4%
DE: 141 ; -17.0%
FI
139
139
141
CZ
141
DE
141
LT
150
LV
153
SK: 141
145
EE
CZ: 141
141
PL
FR: 124 ; -16.8%
140
SK
LU: 138 ; -16.3%
-23.3%
HU
BE: 128 ; -16.4%
-21.7%
SE
LV: 153
UK: 133 ; -18.8%
-18.8%
SI
DK: 117 ; -25.7%
IE: 125 ; -24.2%
-16.0%
UK
EE: 150
-13.1%
ES
FI: 139 ; -21.7%
SE: 139 ; -23.3%
REGISTRATIONS
Average CO2
of new cars
in 2012
AT: 138 ; -15.0%
SI: 134
-8.6%
PT: 119 ; -16.6%
HU: 140
IT: 128 ; -13.1%
ES: 132 ; -16.%
-17.0%
GR: 127 ; -22.9%
SOURCE: ACEA - 2013
63

58. R E G I S T R AT I O N S
Most new cars have a diesel engine
SOURCE: BASED ON AAA (DATA FOR THE EU15 + EFTA)
Diesel penetration in the EU15 + EFTA (% of new cars registered) | 1990-2012
% share
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Diesel penetration in the EU15 + EFTA – by country (% of new cars registered) | 2012
% share
80
SOURCE: BASED ON AAA (DATA FOR EU15 + EFTA)
70
64
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
LU
IE
FR
PT
ES
BE
SE
NO
AT
IT
UK
IS
DE
GR
DK
FI
CH
NL
EU15
+
EFTA
More information on trends in new car characteristics at www.acea.be

59. VEHICLES IN USE
VEHICLES
IN USE

60. V E H IC L E S I N U S E
Cars in the EU are on average 8.3 years old
Average passenger car age – by country | 2010
Years
14
12
12.0
11.9
11.5
10.7
10.1
10
9.8
8.3
8.3
8.2
8
8.0
7.5
7.3
6.3
4
2
0
ESTONIA
FINLAND
SLOVAKIA
GREECE
PORTUGAL
SWEDEN
GERMANY
FRANCE
BELGIUM
AUSTRIA
UK
VEHICLES IN USE
SOURCE: ANFAC, ACEA - 2012
6
IRELAND
EU*
Passenger car fleet* – by age (% share) | 2010
SOURCE: ANFAC, ACEA - 2012
35.6% Cars > 10 years old
32.1% Cars 5-10 years old
32.2% Cars ≤ 5 years old
* for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom.
67

61. VEHICLES IN USE
The share of diesel in the EU car fleet is gradually increasing
EU car fleet – by fuel type (% share) | 2012
Gasoline 60.6%
SOURCE: ANFAC, ACEA - 2013
Diesel 35.9%
Other 3.4%
* for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom.
EU car fleet – by fuel type (% share) | 2010
Gasoline 61.5%
SOURCE: ANFAC, ACEA - 2012
Diesel 35.3%
68
Other 3.2%
* for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom

62. V E H IC L E S I N U S E
The EU’s vehicle fleet continues to grow
EU passenger car fleet (in units) | 1990 – 2011
Units - in millions
300
250
200
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2011
2005
2010
VEHICLES IN USE
SOURCE: EUROSTAT - 2013
150
2011
EU commercial vehicle fleet (in units) | 1990 – 2011
Units - in millions
40
35
30
25
SOURCE: EUROSTAT - 2013
20
15
10
5
0
1990
1995
2000
69

63. VEHICLES IN USE
Vehicle spread in the EU
Passenger car fleet – by country (% share - in units) | 2011
Units - in millions
45
17.7%
40
15.3%
35
13.2%
12.1%
30
25
9.2%
20
7.5%
15
SOURCE: EUROSTAT - 2013
10
70
3.2%
2.2%
5
2.1%
1.9%
1.9%
1.9%
1.8%
1.8%
1.2%
1.2%
1.1%
0.9%
0.8%
0.7%
0.7%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
SK
LT
SI
LV
EE
CY
LU
MT
0
DE
IT
FR
UK
ES
PL
NL
BE
GR
PT
CZ
AT
SE
RO
FI
HU
BG
DK
IE

64. V E H IC L E S I N U S E
The EU has the largest car fleet in the world
Passenger car fleet (in units) | 2011
Units – in millions
300
242.2
200
150
130.72
100
57.7
50
55.9
35.0
27.5
RUSSIA
BRAZIL
14.2
13.5
S. KOREA
INDIA
1995
2011
S. KOREA
INDIA
0
EU*
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
VEHICLES IN USE
SOURCE: EUROSTAT, IHS GLOBAL INSIGHT
250
Passenger car fleet growth (in units) | 1995-2011
Units – in millions
300
SOURCE: EUROSTAT, IHS GLOBAL INSIGHT
250
200
150
100
50
0
EU*
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
BRAZIL
* 27 countries included over the whole period
71

65. VEHICLES IN USE
The EU has 483 cars per 1,000 inhabitants
Passenger car density per 1,000 inhabitants – world | 1995-2011
Units
500
SOURCE: EUROSTAT, IHS GLOBAL INSIGHT
400
448
483
447 452
380
461 454
417
373
293
300
251
236
200
179
143
1995
137
108
100
106 100
2
0
EU
JAPAN
USA
S. KOREA
RUSSIA
BRAZIL
2005
41
11
3
CHINA
11
6
2011
INDIA
Passenger car density per 1,000 inhabitants – EU | 2011
Units
700
658
610
600
589
570
551
545
535
525
519
500
502
490
483
482
470
470
466
464
461
447
436
428
417
400
394
368
324
SOURCE: EUROSTAT - 2012
300
72
300
298
203
200
100
0
LU
IT
MT
LT
FI
CY
AT
DE
SI
FR
BE
EU
ES
PL
NL
UK
SE
GR
PT
CZ
EE
IE
DK
BG
SK
LV
HU
RO

66. TRADE
TRADE

67. TRADE
The EU automotive industry is a formidable exporter
EU exports of passenger cars - by value (% share)
North America (NAFTA) 26.8%
EFTA & Eastern Europe 25.1%
Asia & Oceania 34.0%
Middle East 4.8%
South America & Caribbean 2.4%
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT DATA - 2012
TRADE
Africa 6.8%
75

68. TRADE
The EU exported 6.6 million vehicles in 2012
EU motor vehicle trade – by type (in €m)
2011
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
TRADE
BALANCE
IMPORTS
Passenger cars
Commercial vehicles (up to 5t)
Commercial vehicles (over 5t) + buses & coaches
TOTAL
EXPORTS
24,237
93,606
69,369
23,670
107,887
84,217
3,913
3,780
-133
3,388
4,663
1,275
843
6,369
5,526
819
7,216
6,397
28,993
TRADE IN VALUE (¤m)
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
2012
TRADE
BALANCE
103,755
74,762
27,877
119,766
91,889
% CHG 12/11
EXPORTS
TRADE
BALANCE
-2.3%
15.3%
21.4%
-13.4%
23.4%
++
-2.8%
13.3%
15.8%
-3.8%
15.4%
IMPORTS
22.9%
EU motor vehicle trade – by type (in units)
2011
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
TRADE IN VOLUME (units)
76
Passenger cars
Commercial vehicles (up to 5t)
Commercial vehicles (over 5t) + buses & coaches
TOTAL
2012
% CHG 12/11
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
2,176,517
5,153,725
1,932,420
5,914,655
-11.2%
14.8%
326,756
362,268
269,972
428,402
-17.4%
18.3
24,573
856,242
92,838
245,186
277.8%
-71.4%
2,527,846
6,372,235
2,295,230
6,588,243
-9.2%
3.4%

69. TRADE
A closer look at imports of all vehicle categories
Origin of EU motor vehicle imports
(in units)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
World
3,402,211
3,620,596
3,246,820
2,522,080
2,488,966
2,527,846
2,295,230
% CHG 12/11 % SHARE IN 2012
-9.2%
100.0%
Turkey
561,914
620,836
666,586
497,799
568,896
571,142
518,427
-9.2%
22.6%
South Korea
724,689
655,218
452,348
353,423
295,970
384,462
403,690
5.0%
17.6%
Japan
970,386
971,861
879,620
691,638
618,914
440,320
347,759
-21.0%
15.2%
322,664
450,533
365,682
155,695
186,425
243,049
241,129
-0.8%
10.5%
China
329,426
348,407
267,254
208,718
164,712
161,101
184,927
14.8%
8.1%
Mexico
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
United States
101,378
152,045
183,686
116,308
139,186
184,196
163,550
-11.2%
7.1%
India
51,391
63,035
101,705
267,065
233,441
260,922
163,503
-37.3%
7.1%
South Africa
29,499
25,056
35,316
38,783
74,278
86,263
67,714
-21.5%
3.0%
Switzerland
34,166
47,060
43,751
29,795
26,740
26,691
25,966
-2.7%
1.1%
Thailand
75,011
82,865
62,645
35,822
44,383
39,950
25,198
-36.9%
1.1%
TRADE
Origin of EU motor vehicle imports (in units) | 2012
Units
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT DATA
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
TURKEY
S. KOREA
JAPAN
USA
CHINA
MEXICO
INDIA
S. AFRICA
SWITZERLAND
THAILAND
77

70. TRADE
Most EU motor vehicle exports go to the US
Main destinations of EU motor vehicle exports (in units)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
5,031,578
5,319,592
5,359,061
3,740,221
4,772,147
6,372,235
6,588,243
3.4%
100.0%
United States
999,431
981,493
880,691
550,856
714,944
751,824
883,590
17.5%
13.4%
Russia
385,147
604,659
731,138
191,937
324,866
516,792
764,172
47.9%
11.6%
China
61,764
99,103
137,823
174,242
349,737
487,108
534,662
9.8%
8.1%
Turkey
375,636
258,308
256,255
188,650
383,890
434,377
388,250
-10.6%
5.9%
Switzerland
237,706
267,905
259,276
225,443
281,867
321,999
329,629
2.4%
5.0%
Japan
169,088
191,156
145,094
114,729
148,211
177,975
207,122
16.4%
3.1%
Australia
116,744
136,236
136,615
96,376
141,256
156,798
190,335
21.4%
2.9%
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
World
Ukraine
140,745
126,932
165,388
39,449
113,015
134,468
169,818
26.3%
2.6%
Norway
148,012
176,565
143,819
122,510
167,647
178,217
167,214
-6.2%
2.5%
South Africa
140,977
124,420
77,117
67,313
102,607
142,086
130,562
-8.1%
2.0%
Destination of EU motor vehicle exports (in units) | 2012
Units
1,000,000
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT DATA
800,000
78
% CHG 12/11 % SHARE IN 2012
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
USA
RUSSIA
CHINA
TURKEY
SWITZERLAND
JAPAN
AUSTRALIA
UKRAINE
NORWAY
S. AFRICA

71. TRADE
The US, Japan and South Korea account for the highest import value for cars
Origin of most EU passenger car imports - by value (in €m)
2006
Japan
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
33,397
29,721
22,046
22,483
24,237
23,670
-2.3%
5,470
6,344
5,977
2,952
3,483
4,665
5,492
17.7%
23.2%
12,012
United States
2007
31,601
World
% CHG 12/11 % SHARE IN 2012
11,796
10,634
8,240
7,672
6,504
5,464
-16.0%
23.1%
100.0%
South Korea
7,272
6,690
3,945
2,610
2,449
3,395
3,900
14.9%
16.5%
Turkey
3,393
4,206
3,674
3,194
3,397
3,328
3,119
-6.3%
13.2%
Mexico
1,334
1,992
2,405
1,499
1,771
2,465
2,341
-5.0%
9.9%
270
332
584
1,536
1,341
1,770
1,069
-39.6%
4.5%
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
India
South Africa
366
70
300
469
847
904
549
-39.3%
2.3%
China
298
482
541
398
455
394
331
-16.0%
1.4%
Canada
89
Switzerland
86
70
38
70
136
179
32.1%
0.8%
142
193
152
120
114
106
123
16.0%
0.5%
Passenger cars - origin of EU imports - by value (% share) | 2012
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT DATA
13.2% Turkey
16.5% South Korea
4.9%
India
4.5%
China
1.4%
EFTA
TRADE
Africa
0.6%
23.1% Japan
ASEAN
0.2%
33.8 % NAFTA
Russia
0.1%
0.1%
Middle East
0.0%
Australia
MERCOSUR
0.0%
Others
1.6%
79

72. TRADE
Most EU car imports come from South Korea
Origin of most EU passenger car imports (in units)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
3,014,086
3,214,833
2,783,532
2,212,025
2,139,820
2,176,517
1,932,420
-11.2%
100.0%
South Korea
717,090
651,130
446,544
351,142
294,013
382,871
402,062
5.0%
20.8%
Japan
940,670
949,317
852,805
676,461
604,151
429,803
345,895
-19.5%
17.9%
Turkey
344,923
385,188
361,161
314,514
330,548
334,349
318,265
-4.8%
16.5%
12.1%
World
% CHG 11/12 % SHARE IN 2012
314,856
440,892
351,235
150,142
179,892
236,381
233,835
-1.1%
Mexico
101,331
152,006
183,647
116,298
139,171
184,180
163,526
-11.2%
8.5%
India
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
United States
49,433
61,389
99,121
265,659
231,987
259,776
162,928
-37.3%
8.4%
China
308,720
336,075
252,801
154,266
155,262
149,025
111,881
-24.9%
5.8%
South Africa
17,938
3,877
20,515
31,315
65,396
72,074
43,973
-39.0%
2.3%
Switzerland
29,346
41,248
36,281
26,232
23,892
23,420
22,254
-5.0%
1.2%
Taiwan
54,904
57,492
59,795
32,076
29,670
29,252
19,327
-33.9%
1.0%
Origin of EU passenger car imports (in units) | 2012
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT DATA
Units
80
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
S. KOREA
JAPAN
TURKEY
USA
MEXICO
INDIA
CHINA
S. AFRICA
SWITZERLAND
TAIWAN

73. TRADE
The US is the EU’s most valuable export market
Main destinations of EU passenger car exports – by value (in €m)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
World
67,776
70,658
69,416
48,088
76,149
93,606
107,887
15.3%
United States
27,064
24,748
20,520
12,768
19,127
19,482
24,934
28.0%
23.1%
2,250
3,344
4,608
5,475
12,182
17,335
19,290
11.3%
17.9%
China
% CHG 12/11 % SHARE IN 2012
100.0%
4,290
6,627
8,758
2,563
4,063
7,016
8,727
24.4%
8.1%
4,002
4,318
4,360
3,935
5,219
6,646
6,813
2.5%
6.3%
Japan
4,221
4,115
3,249
2,713
3,843
5,089
6,306
23.9%
5.8%
Turkey
2,908
2,834
2,806
2,067
4,255
5,229
4,826
-7.7%
4.5%
Australia
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
Russia
Switzerland
1,831
2,097
2,186
1,613
2,758
3,177
3,496
10.1%
3.2%
Norway
2,266
2,694
2,180
1,854
2,699
3,016
3,166
5.0%
2.9%
Canada
2,082
2,074
2,057
1,789
2,414
2,480
2,995
20.7%
2.8%
South Korea
1,018
974
911
805
1,682
1,955
2,496
27.7%
2.3%
Passenger cars - destination of EU exports – by value (% share) | 2012
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT DATA
9.4%
Russia
EFTA
17.9% China
26.8% NAFTA
6.8%
Others
1.3%
MERCOSUR
0.2%
India
Africa
6.8%
Japan
5.8%
Middle East
4.8%
Turkey
4.5%
Australia
3.2%
South Korea
2.3%
ASEAN
TRADE
8.1%
2.0%
81

74. TRADE
Almost 15% of EU car exports set sail to the US
Main destinations of EU passenger car exports (in units)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
4,301,184
4,743,045
4,797,916
3,375,224
4,234,470
5,153,725
5,914,655
14.8%
100.0%
United States
993,405
972,316
874,508
547,326
708,575
731,138
873,628
19.5%
14.8%
Russia
342,762
528,674
670,381
176,595
291,164
470,878
706,918
50.1%
12.0%
China
60,383
95,925
136,239
172,218
345,581
478,877
526,769
10.0%
8.9%
Turkey
247,886
225,505
223,331
170,456
339,556
388,000
349,979
-9.8%
5.9%
Switzerland
212,941
243,348
233,163
203,939
255,874
291,899
300,976
3.1%
5.1%
Japan
168,731
190,864
145,006
114,649
148,082
175,242
206,521
17.8%
3.5%
99,876
107,469
109,738
84,157
123,250
141,394
150,460
6.4%
2.5%
Norway
125,799
151,956
122,103
110,027
147,473
153,694
144,232
-6.2%
2.4%
South Africa
122,877
102,828
65,611
62,834
93,145
123,355
115,808
-6.1%
2.0%
83,707
85,291
98,188
82,576
99,169
94,849
109,767
15.7%
1.9%
World
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
Australia
Canada
Destination of EU passenger car exports (in units) | 2012
Units
1.000,000
SOURCE: BASED ON EUROSTAT DATA
800,000
82
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
USA
RUSSIA
CHINA
TURKEY
SWITZERLAND
JAPAN
AUSTRALIA
NORWAY
S. AFRICA
CANADA
% CHG 12/11 % SHARE IN 2012

75. TAXATION
TAXATION

76. TA X AT IO N
CO2 taxation is gaining ground in the EU
CO2 taxation is now well established across the European
Union. 19 EU member states currently apply some form of
CO2 tax to the registration and/or ownership of passenger
cars, up from 17 in 2010. Finland and Greece both changed
their annual circulation tax to a CO2 basis recently.
The 19 EU countries that levy passenger car taxes partially
or totally based on the cars’ CO2 emissions and/or fuel
consumption are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta,
the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden
and the United Kingdom.
The European automobile industry welcomes this trend
towards CO2-related car taxation. However, it regrets the
lack of uniformity in the implementation of these taxes.
For more information, visit www.acea.be
TAXATION
European auto makers therefore support taxation for
passenger cars that is:
– exclusively based on CO2 emissions;
– technologically neutral;
– linear; and
– budget neutral.
SOURCE: ACEA TAX GUIDE 2013
85

77. TA X AT I O N
Tax incentives help shape demand for electric vehicles
Incentives for electrically-chargeable vehicles are now
applied in all western European countries. The incentives
mainly consist of tax reductions and exemptions, as in
countries such as Belgium and the Netherlands, and
bonus payments and premiums for the buyers of electric
vehicles in Spain, Luxembourg and Portugal.
The European car industry supports the further introduction
of fiscal incentives for fuel efficiency. Tax measures are an
important tool in shaping consumer demand towards fuelefficient cars and help create a market for breakthrough
technologies, notably during the introduction phase.
Innovations generally first enter the market in low volumes
and at a significant cost premium, and this needs to be
offset by a positive policy framework. Electric mobility
will make an important contribution towards ensuring
sustainable mobility. However, advanced conventional
technologies, engines and fuels will play a predominant
role for years to come. Governments must continue to
include these CO2-efficient technologies and solutions in
their overall sustainable mobility policy approach.
For more information, visit www.acea.be
86
SOURCE: ACEA TAX GUIDE 2013

78. TA X AT IO N
Motor vehicles are a vital source of government revenue
Fiscal income from motor vehicles in the EU*
AT
€ bn
2011
BE
DK
DE
ES
FI
FR
GR
IE
IT
NL
PT
SE
UK
€ bn DKK bn
2012
2011
€ bn
2011
€ bn
2011
€ bn
2011
€ bn
2011
€ bn
2012
€ bn
2012
€ bn
2010
€ bn
2011
€ bn
2012
SEK bn
2012
£ bn
2011
Purchase or transfer
1. VAT on vehicle sales
servicing/repair, parts, tyres
2.484
6.060
N.A.
27.175
4.031
1.310
14.554
0.170
0.387
18.100
1.400
1.076
21.000
12.500
2. Fuels & lubricants
5.517
7.534
16.970
40.036
18.325
3.742
35.332
4.143
2.720
31.315
7.708
2.310
49.500
26.920
3. Sales & registration taxes
0.485
0.408
13.800
0.478
1.008
2.076
0.100
0.387
1.142
1.999
0.420
Annual ownership taxes
1.635
1.512
9.872
8.422
2.807
0.706
1.098
1.116
1.075
6.610
3.586
0.362
12.200
5.820
0.010
0.065
–
3.656
0.676
0.299
Driving license fees
0.007
Insurance taxes
0.310
Tolls
1.512
0.934
1.757
4.051
1.422
0.550
0.274
0.759
TOTAL
12.217
17.214
EURO
12.2
17.2
0.365
–
0.920
0.349
42.769
80.769
26.731
5.7
80.8
26.7
3.000
0.800
0.025
1.572
0.055
7.065
69.014
5.584
7.1
69.0
5.6
5.186
3.396
0.266
4.200
1.500
4.569
67.826
18.749
4.459
90.700
46.740
4.6
67.8
18.7
4.5
10.4
54.3
GRAND TOTAL = €384.6bn
* No data available for other EU member states.
TAXATION
SOURCE: ACEA - 2013
4.276
10.106
0.370
Customs duties
Other taxes
0.295
87

79. TA X AT I O N
Share of VAT in net price of cars
Hungary
Denmark
27%
Belgium
25%
Austria
Czech Republic
Bulgaria
Italy
Sweden
Estonia
21%
Latvia
Romania
24%
20%
Slovakia
Lithuania
Slovenia
Netherlands
UK
Spain
France
Finland
Greece
Ireland
23%
19.6%
Germany
19%
Portugal
Malta
18%
Cyprus
17%
Luxembourg
SOURCE: ACEA - 2013
Poland
15%
SOURCE: EUROPEAN COMMISSION - 2013
Excise duties on fuels in (€/1,000 litres)
88
AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK
EE
ES
FI
FR GR HU
IE
IT
LT
LU
LV MT
NL
PL
PT RO
SE
SI
SK UK
EU minimum rates
Unleaded Petrol
482 628 363 429 512 655 593 423 456 650 607 670 432 587 728 434 462 415 469 747 406 585 360 668 576 551 674
360
Diesel
397 428 330 400 437 470 444 393 331 470 428 330 398 479 617 330 335 336 382 440 355 368 330 621 449 368 674
330

80. EU27
CARS
AT Austria
BE Belgium
NL Netherlands
BG Bulgaria
PC
MT Malta
PL Poland
CY Cyprus
RO Romania
DE Germany
SE Sweden
DK Denmark
SI
EE Estonia
SK Slovakia
ES Spain
UK United Kingdom
MPV Multi-purpose vehicles
VANS
PT Portugal
CZ Czech Republic
FI
FR France
MCV Medium commercial vehicles > 3.5t but 16t
HCV Heavy commercial vehicles > 16t
CV MCV + HCV
EUROPE EU27 + EFTA
EFTA Iceland + Norway + Switzerland
NAFTA USA + Canada + Mexico
BRIC Brazil + Russia + India + China
OTHERS
GR Greece
CH Switzerland
HU Hungary
IS
Iceland
IE
Ireland
NO Norway
IT
Italy
RS Serbia
LT
Lithuania
RU Russia
LU Luxembourg
TR Turkey
Latvia
UA Ukraine
LV
LCV Light commercial vehicles + minibus / coaches 3.5t
TRUCKS
Slovenia
Finland
Passenger cars
SUV Sport utility vehicles
MERCOSUR Argentina + Brazil + Paraguay + Uruguay
BUSES + COACHES
B&C Buses > 3.5t
MOTOR VEHICLES
MV
Cars + vans + trucks + buses & coaches
ASEAN Brunei + Cambodia + Indonesia + Laos
+ Malaysia + Myanmar + Philippines
+ Singapore + Thailand + Vietnam
PM
CO
particulate matter
carbon monoxide
NOX nitrogen oxides
CO2 carbon dioxide
m
g
tkm
GCW
million
gramme
tonne-kilometre
gross combined weight
bn
t
pkm
GDP
AAA Auxiliary Automobile Association
VDA German Association of the Automotive
Industry
OICA International Organization
of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers
billion
tonne
passenger-kilometre
gross domestic product

81. EUROPEAN
AUTOMOBILE
M A N U FA C T U R E R S
A S S O C I AT I O N
Avenue des Nerviens 85
B–1040 Brussels
T
+32 2 732 55 50
info@acea.be
w w w. a c e a . b e
EUROPEAN
A U T O M O BI L E
M A N U FA C T U R E R S
A S S O CI AT IO N
w w w. a c e a . b e