MIGRATION THEMATIC PRESENTATION LAST NIGHT (1).pptx

1. GHANA
STATISTICAL SERVICE
2021 POPULATION AND
HOUSING CENSUS
Venue: International Conference Centre
Date: 9th March 2023
THEMATIC REPORT ON
MIGRATION

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• Introduction
• Background
• Concept and definition
• Methodology
• Presentation of results
• Key findings
• Conclusion
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

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INTRODUCTION
• Migration is one of the components of population change
• It is integral to development, for both individuals and nations
• United Nations has recommended that nations include in their census undertakings
questions to elicit migration information.
• In compliance, Ghana has been including migration questions in all censuses since
1960.

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• The objective of this report is to describe, analyse and provide explanation for
patterns, trends, and the future perspective of both internal and external migration
in Ghana.
BACKGROUND

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• Migration: the movement of people in space often involving a change in the usual place
of residence
• Thus, migration has within it elements of both space and time or distance and duration.
• In the 2021 PHC the duration of stay was 12 months for both internal and international
migration
• A migrant: a person whose place of birth was different from the place of
during the 2021 PHC.
• Emigrant: a person born in Ghana who has traveled outside for more than 12
or intends to stay for more than 12 months.
• Non-Ghanaians: persons who are not Ghanaians by birth or naturalization.
DEFINITION OF SOME CONCEPTS

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•Data for this report came mainly from the 2021 PHC
supported with others from the last two censuses, 2000
and 2010.
•Other supporting information, such as causes of
migration and changes therein were sourced from
previous studies on migration.
•Variables for internal migration were derived from
Nationality; Birthplace; Place of Residence
•Variables for external migration were derived from the
Section on Emigration.
METHODOLOGY

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MIGRATION STATUS
• Migrants constituted 28.9% out of the total population of 30,832,019
enumerated in 2021 PHC,
28.9%
71.1%
Migrants
Non-migrants

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20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85-89
90-94
95+
Percent
Age
Male
Female
Age of Migrant population peaks at the 15
to 34 years.
THE AGE PYRAMID OF THE MIGRANT POPULATION

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• Majority (52.5%) of the migrants were females.
SEX COMPOSITION OF MIGRANTS
52.5 47.5
Male Female

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• The proportion of migrants in the population is much higher in rural areas
(33.9%) than urban areas (22.2%).
22.20%
33.90%
Urban
Rural
Migrants by Rural & Urban
RESIDENCE OF MIGRANTS BY TYPE OF LOCALITY

11. 11
More than a third (35.9%) of the migrants
moved to settle permanently while 24.9
percent also moved due to marriage/family
reunification.
REASONS FOR MIGRATING
Settlement (long term/permanent stay)
Education/training
Other 3.1%
Employment
35.9%
24.5%
11.7%
24.9%
marriage/family
reunification
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While majority of males travel for employment their female counterparts migrate due to
reasons related to marriage/family reunification.
REASONS FOR MIGRATING BY SEX
32.5
16.4
51.1
17.3
32.5
50.3
Employment Marriage/family reunification Others
Male Female

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17.3
82.7
22.3
77.7
Never attended
Attended
Non Migrant Migrant
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE BY MIGRANT STATUS
Proportion of the migrants who have ever
attended school is higher than that of the
non-migrants.

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IN-MIGRANT AND OUT-MIGRANT DISTRIBUTION BY REGION
• Greater Accra Region received a higher number
of migrants than all the other regions.
• Six regions received more people than they sent
out. All of them are in the south of the country
96,819
324,340
226,226
79,601
110,969
269,712
95,829
555,484
172,759
100,591
120,839
622,350
495,404
216,882
561,064
386,377
15,294
32,378
36,411
47,323
76,049
91,134
115,239
120,595
150,148
155,841
189,427
378,422
437,518
561,513
768,918
1,492,378
1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000
North East
Upper East
Upper West
Savannah
Oti
Northern
Ahafo
Volta
Bono
Western North
Bono East
Eastern
Central
Western
Ashanti
Greater Accra
Out-migrants In-migrants

15. 15
-211.2
-184
-176
-110.7
-77.3 -72.1
-47.8 -45.2
-20 -18.5
35.8 39.9
57.6 60.8 67.4
259.9
-64.3
-81.9
-72.3 -72.7
-24.4
-49.5
-25.4 -18.7
-6.2 -7
9.2 15.6 14.3 22.1 21.5
58.9
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Net migration Rate (Per 1000) Migration Effectiveness Ratio
Eastern Northern Savannah Oti Central Bono
Ahafo Ashanti Western Bono
East
Western
North
Gt. Accra
Volta Upper
East
Upper
West
North
East
NET-MIGRATION RATES AND EFFECTIVENESS RATIO
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16. 16
5,203,539
(30.2%)
8,336,556
(34.7%)
8,239,234
(27.0%)
2000
2010
2021
TRENDS IN MIGRATION
There has been a slight decline in
migration from 2010 – 2021. This
may be as a result of the Covid 19
pandemic because most migrants
had gone back to their
hometowns and had not returned
at the time the census was
conducted.
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1,551,178
2,472,456
3,934,796
8,274,270
12,545,229
17,472,530
23.1
28.9
32.0
43.8
50.9
56.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
20,000,000
1960 1970 1984 2000 2010 2021
Urban population Percentage Urban
TRENDS IN URBANISATION, 1960 – 2021
Ghana has been undergoing rapid urban growth in recent times, and the foremost contributor to the
process is migration.

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29.4%
9,069,549
5 – 17 years
Total population of children
18.0% 1,631,391
Migrant children
Total population
30,832,019

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19
47.4% 52.6%
MALE FEMALE
31.5%
36.3%
32.2%
5-9 10 -14 15-17
Age Distribution
MIGRANT CHILDREN

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32.8
36.4
30.8
30.3
36.3
33.5
31.5
36.3
32.2
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
5-9 10-14 15-17
MIGRANTS BY AGE GROUP AND SEX
Male Female Total

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0.8
2.3
96.9
Unemployed
Employed
Population outside labour force
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY STATUS OF MIGRANT CHILDREN

22. 22
Service and sales…
Agricultural related
activities
Craft and related trades…
Plant and machine
operators, and…
Elementary…
15.3%
MAJOR OCCUPATION OF MIGRANT CHILDREN
Majority of migrant children are into
agricultural related activities (48.0%). While
22.0% and 15.3% are into service and sales
and elementary occupations respectively.
48.0%
22.0%
11.8%
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23
NON-GHANAIAN POPULATION
398,585
294,341
2010 2021
There has been a decline in the non-Ghanaian population in the country between 2010 and 2021.

24. 24
NON-GHANAIAN POPULATION BY COUNTRY/CONTINENT OF ORIGIN
Highest proportion of non-Ghanaian
population are from Nigeria, Togo, Niger
and Burkina Faso
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0.1
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.9
1.1
2.0
2.1
2.8
2.8
3.8
4.3
16.0
16.1
20.5
26.2
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
Oceania
Gambia
Other Ecowas
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Americas (North and…
Europe
Africa, other than…
Liberia
Mali
Benin
Asia
Cote d'Ivoire
Burkina Faso
Niger
Togo
Nigeria

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25
34%
Service and sales workers
Professionals Craft and related trades
workers.
Skilled Agric, forestry and
fisheries workers.
25%
17.2%
4.4%
MAJOR OCCUPATION OF NON-GHANAIANS
About three in every four (76.2%) non-Ghanaians
are concentrated in three occupations only, namely,
services and sales (34.0%), skilled agricultural,
forestry and fishery (25.0%) and craft and related
trades (17.2%). These are easy-entry jobs which call
for no skills or basic skills in order for one to go into
them.

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26
EMPLOYMENT STATUS (NON-GHANAIAN POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OLDER)
Majority of working immigrants are self-
employed without employees.
0.1
0.3
2.8
2.9
3.5
5.7
6.6
53.7
Paid apprentice
Domestic worker
Other
Unpaid apprentice
Casual worker
Contributing family worker
Self-employed with employees
Self-employed without employees

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27
Private Informal
83.2%
Private
formal
Public
(Government)
Religious
Organisations
NON-GHANAIAN POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OLDER BY
EMPLOYMENT SECTOR
14.0% 1.6% 0.4% 0.8%
Other
Sectors

28. 28
250,624
289,531
2010 2021
EMIGRATION FROM GHANA
There has been an increase in the number of Ghanaians
who have travelled and settled outside the country
between 2010 and 2021.
9 March 2023

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29
0
0
0
-4
-9
-14
-16
-15
-13
-10
-8
-4
-3
-1
-1
0
0
1
1
1
6
11
14
16
14
12
9
7
4
3
1
1
0
0
20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
Share of Emigrant Population (Percent)
Age
Female
Male
AGE PYRAMID OF EMIGRANT POPULATION
• Emigrants’ population peaks at 25 to 39.
• Children under the age of 15 and aged 65+
constitute 4.0% of the emigrant population.

30. 30
0.4
0.5
0.6
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.1
4.1
4.3
6.8
7.1
7.3
8.5
26.8
26.9
Savannah
North East
Upper West
Oti
Ahafo
Western North
Northern
Upper East
Volta
Bono East
Eastern
Western
Central
Bono
Ashanti
Greater Accra
Percent share
EMIGRANTS BY REGION
More than half (53.7%) of emigrants originates
from Greater Accra (26.9%) and Ashanti (26.8%)
regions.
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31. 31
10.7
12.5
16.4
17.2
17.6
18.9
19.2
27.9
30.9
33.9
40.9
43.9
49.7
59.7
78.1
94.4
89.3
87.5
83.6
82.8
82.4
81.1
80.8
72.1
69.1
66.1
59.1
56.1
50.3
40.3
21.9
5.6
Upper West
Oti
Volta
Upper East
Savannah
Western North
North East
Ahafo
Bono East
Bono
Eastern
Central
Northern
Western
Ashanti
Greater Accra
Urban Rural
EMIGRANTS BY REGION AND TYPE OF LOCALITY
Most emigrants come from rural areas with exception of
Greater Accra, Ashanti and Western Regions.
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32
Most emigrants had their destinations in Europe, the
Americas (North, South, and Carribean), and Africa,
other than ECOWAS.
EMIGRANTS BY COUNTRY/CONTINENT OF DESTINATION
0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.4
2.8 2.9
4.7
6.0
7.3
10.0
23.7
37.6
COUNTRY/CONTINENT

33. 33
73.4% 14.6% 9.6%
Employment Education/training
Marriage/family reunification Settlement (long term/permanent stay)
Other
REASONS FOR EMIGRATING
The two major reasons for travelling outside the country is to seek for employment and to pursue
education/training.
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34
1. Ghana is currently a migrant sending, transiting, and receiving country
2. Greater Accra is the leading migrants’ destination region.
3. Ten Regions out of the sixteen lost population through migration with the Volta Region posting
the highest.
4. Female migrants mostly move due to marriage and family reunions whereas males move for
economic reasons.
5. The two main destinations for Ghanaian emigrants are Europe and America
KEY FINDINGS

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35
6. Migrant populations has a higher proportion of educated persons than the non-migrant
population.
7. Non-Ghanaian population are mostly into sales and service and are also largely self-
employed without employees.
8. Child migrants are mostly engaged in Agriculture and sales and services.
9. Migrant children aged 5-17 constitute 18 percent of the total population.
10. Migrants are mostly found in rural areas than urban.
11. Age of Emigrant population peaks at 25 to 39 years
KEY FINDINGS

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