Learn how to build a robust cyber security program with little to no investment in software.

1. THREATCARE
Open Source Defense
Building a Security Program with
Zero Budget

2. Agenda
•Budget challenges beyond CapEx/OpEx
•Foundations: The big picture and where to start
•Specific free & open-source tools to help at each step
•Real-World Experiences and Fun Stories*
*Randomly dispersed throughout

3. whoami – Kyle Bubp
• Just a dude trying to make things better.

4. Security: What’s the “True Cost”?
• Security = People + Processes + Products
People
• Salary
• Training
• Personal Dev
• Management
Processes
• Plan (policy)
• Build (tech)
• Test
• Improvement
Products
• CapEx/OpEx
• Support
• Time to Value
• Labor:Value

5. Why FOSS?
Not just for people with budget constraints!
It’s about time and control.

6. Commercial
1. Google search
2. Choose three
3. Contact vendors
4. Proof of concept
5. Wine & dine
6. Procurement
7. Implementation
Elapsed time: weeks/months
FOSS
1. Google search
2. Download
3. Configure
Elapsed time: minutes/hours
Why FOSS?

7. Shelfware
Products that are purchased, but never get used or never
fully achieve their intended value

8. What ends up on the Shelf?
What would get them off the shelf?

9. Start with a
solid
foundation.

10. Foundational Blueprints and Frameworks
•NIST Standards and Frameworks
•CIS Critical Security Controls
•ISO 27000
•MITRE ATT&CK

12. Document everything!
A core documentation repository is critical
•Policy, procedure, how-tos, etc:
• MediaWiki
• Atlassian Confluence ($10 for up to 10 users)
•Incident Response Ticketing/Documentation:
• RTIR (https://bestpractical.com/download-page)
• The Hive (https://thehive-project.org/)

13. Build from the ground up
1. Identify
2. Protect and Harden
3. Detect
4. Respond
5. Recover

15. The Asset Discovery Dilemma
Active Scanning? Nmap? Vuln Scanner? No. Ask your network!
NetDB https://netdbtracking.sourceforge.net/
.ova available at https://www.kylebubp.com/files/netdb.ova

16. Other network mapping approaches
•nmap + ndiff/yandiff
• Not just for red teams.
• Export results, diff for changes.
• Alert if something changed.
•Netdisco
• https://sourceforge.net/projects/netdisco
• Uses SNMP to inventory your network devices

17. Data Discovery
•Users are good at putting sensitive data on the network.
•Find it with OpenDLP

18. OpenVAS
•Fork of Nessus
•Still maintained
•Default vuln scanner in AlienVault
•Does a great job in comparison w/ commercial products

19. Web Apps too!
•Arachni Framework (arachni-scanner.com)
•OWASP ZAP (Zed Attack Proxy)
•Nikto2 (more of a server config scanner)
•Portswigger Burp Suite (not free - $350)
•For a comparison – sectoolmarket.com

20. In addition to fixing vulnerabilities…
•Build in some additional security on your web servers.
(also part of a secure configuration)
•Fail2ban
Python-based IPS that runs off of Apache Logs
•Modsecurity
Open source WAF for Apache, IIS, & nginx

21. Build from the ground up
1. Identify
2. Protect and Harden
3. Detect
4. Respond
5. Recover

22. Protect

23. Intrusion Detection
and Prevention

24. Host-based IDS
• Monitor Critical and Sensitive Files via Integrity Checks
• Detects Rootkits
• Can monitor Windows Registry
• Alert on Changes

25. Windows 10 – Out of the box – CIS Benchmark

26. Secure Configuration
•CIS Benchmarks / DISA Stigs
•Configuration Management, while not exciting, is important
•Deploy configs across your enterprise using tools like GPO, Chef, Puppet,
or Ansible
•Change Management is also important
• Use git repo for tracking changes to your config scripts

27. PATCH IT ALL (kinda)

28. Patching Windows
+

29. Patching Linux
+

30. Build from the ground up
1. Identify
2. Protect and Harden
3. Detect
4. Respond
5. Recover

31. What’s happening on the endpoint?
•Facebook-developed osquery is effectively free EDR
• Agents for MacOS, Windows, Linux
• Deploy across your enterprise w/ Chef, Puppet, Ansible, or SCCM
• Do fun things like, search for IoCs (hashes, processes, etc.)
• Pipe the data into ElasticStack for visibility & searchability
•If you only need Windows, check out Microsoft Sysinternals Sysmon

32. What’s happening on the network?
•Elkstack
•Suricata
•Bro
•Snort
•SecurityOnion: put it all together

33. Logging and Monitoring
•Central logging makes detection and analysis easier
•Many options here, such as Windows Event Subscription, rsyslog
•Can also pipe to one central location with dashboards, such as ElasticStack
•Good idea to include DNS logs!

34. Testing
Controls

35. Breach and Attack Simulation
• CALDERA (Based ATT&CK)
• Uber Metta
• Endgame RTA
• Guardicore’s Infection Monkey
• Barkly’s Stackhackr
• Nextron Systems’ APTSimulator
• AlphaSOC’s flightsim

36. Education

37. Phishing
Education
• Phishing Frenzy
• Social Engineering Toolkit (SET)
• GoPhish

38. Parting thoughts…
• Build versus Buy
• Security Requirements don’t change, regardless of budget.
• Build a strong foundation and branch out.
• Consider scenarios – solve one scenario at a time, NOT all at once!
• Stay curious and contribute to projects you like.
• Community! Share ideas – learn from others
• DOCUMENT EVERYTHING

39. Kyle Bubp
kyle@threatcare.com
@kylebubp
@threatcare