Basketball Official’s Clinic - 2 Man Crew

Recreational Sports and Services
Basketball Official’s Clinic
SIU Competitive Sports

Employee Expectations &
Responsibilities

Expectations & Responsibilities
» Knowledge of sports rules and mechanics
» Represent the Competitive Sports Office positively as an official,
player, and spectator.
» Serve as an impartial and fair official.
» Be respectful to all players and participants.
– In the face of inappropriate language or comments directed at
you, be professional.
– When facing unruly spectators, alert professional staff or a
graduate assistant. We will back you up.
» Ensure a safe environment for all.
– Safety is your number one priority as a sport official.
» Clothing
– Athletic clothing
– No Jewelry, watches, wristbands etc
– Whistle
Expectations

Even More Expectations Expectations &
Responsibilities
» Inform Kyle if you are playing for a team.
» When seeking a trade or drop, please try to give at least a one day
(24 hours) notice.
» Remember that all shifts are subject to approval, and posting
your shift does not guarantee your shift will be reassigned.
» If you attempt to pick up a shift, please remember that numerous
factors will be considered, and you may or may not receive that
shift.
» If your shift is not traded or assigned to another worker, you are
responsible for covering your shift.
» In case of emergencies, contact Kyle, Veronica, or Victor ASAP.

SIU Competitive Sports Policies and Procedures

Defaults, Forfeits, & Grace Periods
» Defaults – An unplayed game without penalty to either team. To receive a default, the team
captain must notify (by e-mail or in person) the Intramural Sports Office by 4:00 PM on the day
of the contest.
» Forfeits – Failing to field a team without contacting the SIU Sports Office
– Not enough players
– Eligibility
– Sportsmanship
» Optional Grace Period - Once the initial grace period ends, the captain has 2 options:
– Wait five more minutes for the opposing team to show up
– Accept the forfeit
• Once a decision has been made, the captain cannot change their mind
» Grace Periods – If at least one team member has signed in at game time, the team will be
granted a 10 minute grace period. – At the conclusion of the grace period, the team shall forfeit
the match if they do not have minimum members present.

Protests
» Player Eligibility
– During the regular season, a team captain may protest the eligibility of
an opposing player at any time (e.g. before, during, and after a game;
one week prior to or after a game).
– If the protest occurs on the night of the contest, the team captain should
file a formal protest with the Competitive Sports supervisor.
– The supervisor shall meet immediately with both captains to discuss the
eligibility of the player.
– At any other time, a team captain may contact the Competitive Sports
Office to file a formal protest.
– The Competitive Sports Office will investigate the matter and inform
both captains of the decision.

Protests
» Rule Misinterpretation or Misapplication
– During a game, participants may protest the misinterpretation or
misapplication of a rule.
– After the conclusion of the play and before the start of the next
sequence (e.g. Down, possession), the team captain should inform an
official that he/she would like to protest the result of the previous
sequence.
» The officials will hear the protest and make a decision. If either team
disagrees, they may appeal the decision to a Competitive Sports supervisor.
» If either team continues to disagree, the supervisor shall complete the
intramural sport protest form, and the game shall continue under protest.
» A Competitive Sports Graduate Assistant or the Coordinator of Competitive
Sports shall contact both teams with a decision.

Basketball Basics

Playing Court
Divisionline(Midcourt)
The
Lane
The “paint”
Sideline
Endline
Endline
Free-ThrowLine
TABLE BENCHBENCH
Three-point arc
Foul Reporting Area

Player Equipment
» Jerseys/Shirts
– Each team is required to wear similar jerseys with numbers on
the front and/or back
» Athletic Shorts or Pants
– Clothing should allow freedom of movement.
» Hats
– No billed hats or any headwear with knots
– Headbands and knit or stocking caps are legal.
» Shoes
– Shoes must be worn at all times!
– Non-marking basketball, running, or tennis shoes are allowed.
– Non-athletic footwear is prohibited
• Example: Boots, vibrams, sandals, flip flops, dress shoes
» No Jewelry!
– Watches, rings, and necklaces can result in injuries to players.
– Religious and medical jewelry is allowed. It needs to be taped
to the body or placed inside the shirt or jersey.

The Game: Basics
» Players
– Five players are allowed on the court at one time.
– Four players are required to avoid a forfeit.
– If a team has five or more players, five players must
start the game.
• Injuries and/or disqualifications may reduce the
number of eligible players to lower than five.
» The Ball
– Participants may choose to play with the ball
provided by IM Staff or agree to use an alternative
ball.
– The ball must approved by IM Staff prior to play.

The Game: Team Areas
» Team Benches & Supporters
– RSC 1 & 2
• Team benches will be located on
opposite scorer’s table.
• Spectators for each team are
required to occupy opposite
sides of the court.
• The Home team supporters shall
occupy behind baskets near
closest
• Teams are responsible for the
behavior of spectators seated in
their team’s area.

The Game: Timing
» Two twenty minute (20:00) halves
– First Half
• Clock will run for twenty minutes
– Second half
• Run for eighteen minutes
• Once 2:00 remain, clock will stop for all fouls,
held balls, and violations
» Two minute (2:00) halftime
» Each team shall receive three (3) timeouts per game.
– During a live ball, team in control may only call a
timeout.

The Game: Scoring
» Three-Point Field Goal
– Any made basketball with the player’s feet
completely behind his or her team’s three
point line and the ball enters his or her
team’s basket.
» Two-Point Field Goal
– Any made basket with the player’s feet on
and within his or her team’s three-point line.
– Automatically awarded due to a technical
foul, intentional foul, or flagrant foul.
– A team scores in the wrong basket.
» One-Point Field Goal
– A successful free throw

The Game: Mercy Rule
Point Differential Time Remaining Result
Fifty or more points Twenty minutes or less in 2nd half End of game
Thirty or more points Ten minutes or less in 2nd half End of game
Twenty or more points At Any Time No backcourt pressure
Twenty or more points Two minutes or less in 2nd half End of Game

The Game: Overtime
» Overtime will only be played during the
postseason.
» Overtime (i.e. extra period) is an extension
of the second half when the score is tied at
the end of regulation.
» Each Overtime period shall be three minutes
(3:00) in duration.
» For the entire period, the clock shall start
and stop accordingly to NFHS basketball
rules.
» Each extra period starts with a jump ball.
Therefore, the alternating possession arrow
is reset at the beginning of each extra
period.
» All player fouls as well as the team foul
count carry over from regulation to all
overtime periods.

The Game: In Play & Out of Play
» The boundary lines are out of
play.
» When the ball touches or is
touched by a person or object
outside the court boundaries, the
ball is dead.
» The ball is inbounds when the
ball contacts the bottom, side, or
top of the backboard.
» The ball is out of bounds if it rolls
over the backboard.

Correctable Errors
» There are five correctable
error situations:
– Failure to award to a
merited free throw
– Awarding an unmerited free
throw
– Permitting a wrong player
to attempt a free throw
– Attempting a free throw at
the wrong basket
– Erroneously counting or
canceling a score.
» Notice that correctable
errors are limited to free
throw attempts and
adjusting the game score.

Correctable Error Diagram

Pre Game & Post Game Responsibilities

Pre-Game Responsibilities: Timeline
» 15:00 to 10:00 before Game Time:
– Ensure all officials are fully equipped
• Officials’ jerseys
• Whistles
– Check players’ equipment.
– Check the game ball.
• Women are playing with the women’s ball
(28.5)
• Men are playing with the men’s ball (29.5)
– Check with the scorekeeper for any issues.
– Answer any questions.
» 5:00 before Game Time
– Conduct Captains’ Meeting

Pre-Game Responsibilities: Captain’s Meeting
» Captain’s Meeting
– Set the tone for the entire game (Very important)
• “Officials officiate, players play, coaches coach, and fans
cheer”
– Review basic basketball rules
• Three timeouts
• Explain timing
• Substitutions
• Number of fouls before player disqualification
– Five fouls (a combination of technical, intentional,
and/or personal)
– Two player technical fouls

Post-Game Responsibilities
» After the conclusion of the final
scheduled game:
– Help gather equipment for storage
• Jerseys
• Game balls
– Help clean the court and
surrounding area.
– Ask supervisor if anything else
needs to be completed
– Clock out via computer
– Go to sleep, stay up & watch TV
etc.

Basketball Official Mechanics

Primary Area - Lead
LEAD PRIMARY AREA IS
BOUNDED BY:
• THE END LINE
• FAR LANE LINE
• FREE THROW
LINE EXTENDED
• NEAR SIDELINE
• Watch off ball as
appropriate
– When ball is at arc
or opposite lane line

Primary Area - Trail
TRAIL PRIMARY AREA
-START AT 28 FT LINE
CONSISTS OF:
• AREA ABOVE FT LINE
EXTENDED
• ALSO, AREA OUTSIDE OF
NEAR LANE LINE
• USE ARC/BANANA TO
GET A BETTER
VIEW/ANGLE ON PLAYS
– NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
WITH YOUR
PARTNER
• Close Down or Step down
towards basket on shots (Do
not bail!!!)
• Don’t worry about
getting beat on a fast
break

Trail Responsibilities
• Move laterally depending on where the ball is
• Use peripheral vision to see all other players in your primary
• I.E. Illegal Screens/ Off ball fouls
• Banana in and out depending if ball is close to you or opposite
court of you
• Responsible for most 3 point shot
• Get good angle to see if foot is on line
• If foot is on line, put 2 fingers down to indicate and then show 2
to scorekeeper if made
• mirror the make of a 3 point shot in Lead’s area
• Mirror the leads stop and start clock (chop) signal to
ensure proper court coverage.

Three Point Coverage

Drive In Lane
• BLOCK/CHARGE ON
WEAK SIDE OF LANE
• LEAD CAN BE
BLOCKED OUT
• TRAIL MUST HELP
WITH CRASH
• Look for pass & crash
• Trail has crash
• Lead has pass

Throw-in Spots
• Take ball out on end line
when foul/ violation occurs
in ft lane, ft circle, or
beneath the invisible line
connecting the elbow to the
corner
• Inbound spot outside the
lane lines extended
SIDELINE THROW-IN
SIDELINE THROW-IN

Free Throw Responsibilities
TRAIL is one or two steps
beyond the free throw line and
two-thirds back between the free
throw lane and the sideline for
all free throws.
TRAIL OFFICIAL watches top
two spaces on opposite lane line,
free throw line and flight of ball,
then concentrates on fouls and
rebounding action.

Free Throw Responsibilities
• LEAD OFFICIAL watches
opposite lane line plus first
space table side, then
concentrates on fouls and
rebounding action.
• Trail Officials beckons subs
on last free throw
• If sub is for shooter, let Lead
know, and if basket is made,
sub in prior to throw-in
Non-rebounding Free Throw Positions

Free Throw Restrictions
• Maximum of 4 defensive players
• Bottom 2 must be occupied by
defensive players or = technical
• Maximum of 2 offensive players
• NO PLAYERS IN BOTTOM 2 SPACES
BY ENDLINE
• NO DISCONCERTION (Distracting the
shooter)
• People outside of 6 lane spaces may not
be below free throw line extended or on
or inside 3 pt. arc
• Timeouts may be granted prior to ball
being given to shooter
• Timeout may be granted with made free
throw or make a substitution
• Cannot be done on a shot that can be
rebounded
Rebounding Free Throw Positions

LEAD TO TRAIL
1. Be ready for the
turnover
2. Stay 2 steps behind
dribbler
3. Stay out of the way of
pressure defense and
press break
4. Stay within the adjacent
1/3 of the court from
the ball
Rebound or turnover by defense

BACKCOURT PRESS COVERAGE
1. Start & maintain 10 second
count (regardless of defensive
tips)
2. Stay behind double/triple
teams & don’t get ahead of
play
3. Get an angle looking through
the play
4. Move to center of court for play
coverage on other side as
appropriate
5. Lead analyze the pressure and
help as appropriate-still have
sideline for OB
6. Don’t be afraid to go to middle
of court if dribbler is on opposite
sideline area

Lead Moves to Get Primary Position
Lead
• Still has sideline
responsibility
• Maintain play coverage by
looking over inside shoulder
• Beat the play to the
baseline
• If you can’t beat players
down, slow up, take a
position looking between
players and stop.
Trail
• Referee defense
• Look for legal guarding
position
• Keep 10 sec. count

Signals

When Calling Fouls & Violations:

Reporting Fouls
» Use your voice to communicate to your partners,
players, and spectators regarding your call and
what will happen next.
» When you call a foul, make sure to remember:
– The team’s color
– The player’s number
– Whether the foul will be followed by a throw-
in or free throw(s)
» You need to report all of the preceding
information to the scorekeeper.
– Stand back from the table, and project your
voice.
– Slow down and make sure the scorekeeper
understands you.

Officiating The Game

Basket Direction
1st Half
Teams will shoot in the
basket opposite their
benches.
2nd Half
Teams will shoot in the
basket adjacent to their
benches.
Bench
Bench
Bench
Bench

The Game: The Tip
» The regulation game and each overtime period
begins with the tip.
» When administering the tip:
– Make sure jumpers face their team’s basket.
– The jumpers must let the ball reach its highest
point before attempting to touch the ball.
– The jumpers cannot catch the ball.
– The jumpers can tip the ball twice without
penalty.
– The jumpers cannot leave their semicircles.
» The jumper restrictions end when the ball contacts
one of the eight non-jumpers, the floor, a basket, or
a backboard

The Game: The Tip
» Once the Referee blows his
or her whistle, non-jumpers
– Cannot move onto the center
restraining circle or change
position on the circle before
the ball is tossed
– Can back away from the
circle at any time
» Teammates may stand
adjacent to one another
unless an opponent requests
one of those spaces.

Possession Arrow
» The direction of the possession arrow is
initially established by the opening tip
and the start of each overtime.
» The possession arrow is established by a
player/team gaining control of the ball,
or the ball being awarded to a team due
to a foul or violation.
» The possession arrow determines which
team receives the ball in certain
situations.
– Held balls
– Throw-in at the beginning of the second
half
– The ball becomes dead when player and
team control does not exist.

Player & Team Control
» Player control exists when a player is holding
or dribbling the ball
» Player control does not exist
– During an interrupted dribble
– During a pass
» Team control exists during the following
situations:
– A player of the team has control
– The ball is being passed among teammates.
– When the ball is at the disposal of a player for
that team.
» Neither player or team control exists during the
jump ball, a dead ball, or when a try or tap is in
flight.

Dribbling
» The dribble begins when the ball is released to
the floor before the pivot foot is lifted.
» The dribble ends when:
– The dribbler causes the ball to rest in one or
both hands.
– The dribbler carries/palms the ball by
allowing the ball to come to rest in one or
both hands.
– The dribbler touches the ball with both
hands simultaneously.
– The ball touches or is touched by an
opponent, and the dribbler loses control
(interrupted dribble).

Screening
» A screen is legally using one’s body
to delay or prevent an opponent from
reaching a desired position.
» The screener must not cause contact
and must give the opponent time to
react.
» The screener must satisfy the
principle of verticality.
» A legal screen may be stationary or
moving.

Screening – Illegal Screen

Screening – Defensive Foul

Closely Guarded
» Closely Guarded Situation
– Two Important Factors:
• Offensive player has player control
(holding or dribbling the ball) in
his or her front court.
• Defender is ACTIVELY guarding
player (within four feet, facing the
player, and attempting to prevent a
pass, shot, or drive to the basket)
– The distance is measured from the
forward foot of the defender and the
player holding the ball.
– When dribbling, the offensive player has
five seconds to pass, shoot, get his or
her shoulders past the defender, or end
his or her dribble.
4
Feet

Refereeing a Closely Guarded Situation
» Hypothetically, while closely guarded, the
offensive player may:
– Hold the ball for four (4) seconds
– Then, dribble the ball for four (4) seconds
– Finally, hold the ball for four (4) seconds.
» Without passing or shooting, the player can have
possession for a total of twelve (12) seconds.
» As the dribbler transitions from holding to
dribbling to holding the ball, the closely guarded
count is reset each time.
» The closely guarded count continues as long as a
defender is within three to four feet and actively
guarding the player.
» The defender can change during the count.

Substitutions
» Substitutions occur at the scorer’s table.
» Unlimited substitutions are allowed during
the game.
» Substitutions are only allowed during
stoppages of play.
» Substitutions cannot enter the court
without being beckoned by an official.
» During a free throw situation, substitutes
may only enter before the final free throw
attempt.
» When a player is replaced due to injury or
disqualification, any substitute that has
already reported to the scorer’s table
may enter the game as well.

Dead Ball Live Ball

The Throw In
» The Throw-In is a method of putting a
ball in play from out of bounds.
» When the ball is at the disposal of the
thrower, the throw-in team has five
seconds to pass the ball into the court.
» The throw-in count ends when the ball is
released into the court.
» The throw-in legally ends when the
released pass is touched or touches
another player inbounds.
» Types
– Designated Spot
– Non-Designated Spot
– Alternating possession (AP)

Designated Spot Throw-Ins
» Designated spot (DS) throw-
ins are the most prevalent
type.
» DS throw-ins typically occur
after most violations and
fouls that are not followed by
free throws.
» The designated spot is three
(3) feet wide and limitless in
terms of depth.
3 feet

Designated Throw-In Spots
No Throw-ins under the basket

Non-Designated Spot Throw-ins
» Non-designated spot (NDS) throw-
ins occur after scoring plays.
» Scoring play examples
– Successful two or three point goal
– Successful final free throw
– Basket awarded due to goaltending or
defensive basketball inference
» During a NDS throw-in, the thrower
may run the length of the end line
and has limitless depth.

Alternating Possession Throw-Ins
» The team entitled to an
alternating possession (AP)
throw-in is determined by the AP
arrow.
» Common AP throw-in examples:
– Throw-in to begin the second half
– Held Ball
– The officials cannot determine
which team caused the ball to go
out of bounds.
– Ball lodges between the backboard
and rim or rests on the flange.

Changing the AP Arrow
» The AP arrow is reversed (i.e. switched), and
the opposing team is entitled to the next AP
throw-in.
– When does this happen?
• The AP throw-in ends legally.
• The team entitled to the throw-in
commits a violation.
» The AP arrow remains unchanged, and the
same team is entitled to the next AP throw-in.
– When does this happen?
• Either team commits a foul before
the AP throw-in ends.
• The defensive team commits a
violation.

Free Throws

Free Throw Basics
» A free throw is a chance for a
player to score one point by an
unhindered try from the free-throw
line.
» The free throw begins when the
ball is at the disposal of the free
thrower.
» The free throw ends when the try
is successful, the ball becomes
dead due to a violation, or the try
touches the floor or a player.
» Free throws are awarded as a result
of shooting fouls and when a team
commits seven or more team fouls.

Free Throw Basics
» When a player is fouled in the act of shooting:
– Successful two-point or three-point field goal – One free throw
– Unsuccessful two-point field goal – Two free throws
– Unsuccessful three-point field goal – Three free throws
» Bonus & Double Bonus
– All fouls charged towards a team and its spectators will be recorded toward the team’s foul
count.
– Team commits seven to nine fouls – on the next common foul, opponent is awarded one
free throw plus a bonus free throw if the first free throw is successful (AKA “1 & 1”)
– Team commits ten fouls or more – on the next common foul, opponent is awarded two free
throws.
– EXCEPTION: When a team commits a team control or play control foul, no free throws will
be awarded to the offended team.
» Teams will not shoot free throws for intentional, flagrant, and technical fouls.
– The opposing team will automatically receive two points.
– If the offended player successful makes a two-point or three point field goal during an
intentional or flagrant foul, the basket counts, and the team is awarded an additional two
points.

Foul Count Chart
TEAM FOUL COUNT
One - Six Seven - Nine Ten & More
FOUL TYPE
Common Foul
Throw-In
Awarded to
Offended Team
One & One Two Free Throws
Shooting Foul
Dependent on location of foul and result of continuation (if
applicable) – one, two, or, three free throws may be awarded
Intentional Foul
Two points are automatically awardedFlagrant Foul
Technical Foul
Player or Team
Control Foul
No Free Throws are awarded.
Remember that there are always exceptions and novel
situations. Ask if you don’t know.
The foul court is ignored for
non-common fouls.

Violations

Jump Ball Violation - Jumper

Jump Ball Violation – Non-Jumper

Throw-In Violations
» Offense
– Thrower must release the ball into the
court before five seconds expires.
– Thrower cannot step into the court
before releasing the pass.
– Thrower cannot hand the ball to a
teammate.
– The pass must touch or be touched by a
player before going out of bounds.
– DS Throw-in: Thrower cannot leave the
spot before releasing the ball into the
court.
» Defense
– Defense must provide the thrower a depth
of at least three feet.
• The official should provide three feet of
space.
– Defense cannot reach over the out of
bounds line.
• 1st time: Warning
• 2nd time: Administrative Technical Foul
– Defense cannot contact the thrower during
the throw-in.
• Penalty: Intentional foul
– Defense cannot contact the ball while the
thrower is holding it or the pass has not
crossed into the court.
• Penalty: Administrative Technical Foul

Throw-In Violation – Thrower Steps on Boundary
Line

Throw-In Violation - Handoff

Throw-In Violation – Five seconds

Common Free Throw Violations
» Player(s) in marked lane space enters before ball
is released
– Offense: Free throw is cancelled. If final try, throw-in
awarded to non-offending team.
– Defense: Substitute free throw is awarded is shot is
unsuccessful.
» Player outside of three-point arc enters before the
ball contacts the rim
– Offense: Free throw is cancelled. If final try, throw-in
awarded to non-offending team.
– Defense: Substitute free throw is awarded is shot is
unsuccessful.
» Shooter crosses the FT line before the ball
contacts the rim
– Free throw is cancelled. If final try, throw-in awarded to
non-offending team.
» Ball fails to contact the rim.
non-offending team.
» Shooter does not release the FT attempt within ten
seconds.
non-offending team.

Dribbling Violation – Carry/Palming

Kick Ball Violation
» A kick ball violation occurs when a
player intentionally kicks the ball
with any part of the leg or foot.
» No player can intentionally kick the
ball.
– An offensive player can commit
a kick ball violation.
» If a defensive or offensive player
accidently kicks the ball, it is not a
violation.

Traveling
» Traveling is defined as running
with the ball. A player must have
control in order to travel.
» A player can never travel while
dribbling.
» Once a pivot foot is established,
the player mat lift the pivot foot
to pass or shoot.
» The player cannot start a dribble
or return the pivot foot to the
floor.
» A moving player that ends his or
her dribble has a maximum of
two steps to pass or shoot.

Traveling
» A player on his or her knees and in
control of the ball may not attempt
to get up.
» If the player is holding the ball and
not dribbling, he or she cannot:
– When standing, drops to one knee
– While on both knees, lifts one knee.
– While on one knee, drops the other
knee.
– While on one knee, attempt to stand.
» The player may pass, shoot,
dribble, or call timeout while on his
or her knees and within the limits
of the rules.

Traveling
» It is legal for a player to slide or roll
while gaining possession on the floor.
» A player that has gained control on the
floor may not attempt to get up or roll.
» A player with possession that is lying
face down may not roll over.
» A player with possession that is lying
flat on his back may sit up.
» That player may shoot, pass, dribble, or
call time out within the limits of the
rules.

Count The Steps

Traveling

Frontcourt vs. Backcourt Status
» The ball is in the
frontcourt when the
ball and both feet of
the player are in the
frontcourt.
» The ball is in the
backcourt when the
ball and/or either foot
of the player are in the
backcourt.

Backcourt Violation
» A player shall not be the first to touch
the ball after it has been in team
control in the frontcourt if he/she or a
team caused the ball to go from
frontcourt to backcourt.
» The offense may retrieve the ball if
the defense caused the ball to enter
the backcourt.
» A team with a throw-in in the front
court may throw the ball into the
backcourt.
– There is an exception.

Ten Seconds (Backcourt)
» A player shall not be, nor may
his/team be, in continuous
control of the ball which is in
his/her backcourt for ten (10)
seconds.
» The ten (10) second count
beings once an offensive player
touches the ball inbounds.
» The ten (10) second count ends
when the ball and/or player is
in the frontcourt.
» A team is awarded a new ten
(10) second count after every
dead ball.
BACKCOUR
T
ONLY

Three Seconds
» When his or her team has
control in the frontcourt, a
player may not be in the red
area (i.e. the “paint”) for
more than three (3) seconds.
» If a player dribbles or moves
in an attempt to score, the
three second count is
terminated.
» Without team control, there
is no three second lane
restriction.

Fouls

Verticality
» Verticality typically applies to the defender and screener.
» The defender must establish and maintain legal guarding
position.
» The defender can jump or rise vertically (straight up) and
maintain legal guarding position.
» The defender is not vertical in the following situations:
– Arms are lowered and extended in a position other
than vertical.
– The torso and legs are sticking out toward the
offensive player. As a result, the shooter cannot
land safely or the defender illegally contacts the
dribbler.
– While in the air, the torso is leaning forward
towards the offensive player.
» If the defender maintains legal guarding positon and
verticality, contact caused by the offense may result in a
player control or team control foul.

Act of Shooting
» The act of shooting includes all
movements beginning with the start
of the try or tap for goal, releasing
the try or tap, and returning to the
floor.
» A player is shooting when he or she
begins his or her attempt. Pivoting
toward the goal and beginning to
gather the ball for a lay-up are two
common examples.
» If a player is fouled during the act
of shooting, he or she may
complete the normal movements in
an attempt to score.
– AKA Continuous Motion

Personal Foul
» Illegal contact during a live
ball that prevents a player
from performing normal
offensive and defensive
movements.
» Contact that does not limit
a player from performing
normal offensive and
defensive movements is
incidental contact and shall
be ignored.
– Incidental contact = no
foul!

Common Foul
» A personal foul that is
neither intentional or
flagrant and does not involve
an airborne shooter.
» The offended team is
awarded a throw-in nearest
the spot of the foul unless
bonus free throws are
awarded.

Common Foul Example

Block/Charge
Block (Defensive Personal
Foul)
» Defensive player has or has not
established legal position.
» Defensive player creates contact
and does not maintain legal
positioning.
» Defensive player takes position in
the path of an airborne shooter.
» Result – throw-in nearest the spot
of the foul or awarded free
throw(s)

Block/Charge
» Offensive player runs into the torso
of a legally established defender on
the floor or in the air.
» Offensive player uses an arm to ward
off a legally established defender.
» Result
– Any shot attempts or successful shot
attempts are cancelled.
– The ball is awarded to the new offense.
– Free throws will never be awarded to
the new offense.

Charge

Block

Intentional Foul
» A personal or technical foul
which may or may not be
premediated and is not based
solely on the severity of the act.
» An intentional foul can be:
– A foul that takes away an
opponent’s obvious advantage
– Unwarranted contact away
from the ball
– Illegitimate attempt to play
the ball
– Excessive contact
» Intentional fouls typically happen
at the end of games or when a
defender is approaching a player
from behind

Flagrant Foul
» A personal or technical foul of a
violent or savage nature or
technical noncontact foul which
displays unacceptable conduct.
» The intent to cause injury is the
main difference between
intentional personal and flagrant
personal fouls.
» Players that commit a flagrant foul
are ejected immediately.
» These fouls typically occur during
both competitive and non-
competitive games.

Intentional Foul

Technical Foul
» A technical foul is:
– A foul by a non-player or a
noncontact foul by a player
– A noncontact foul by a
coach or fan.
» When a player receives a
single flagrant technical
foul, that player is ejected
and must leave the facility.
» Three types:
– Player
– Team
– Administrative

Technical Foul Categories & Examples
» Player technical
– Fighting (Automatic ejection)
– Disrespectfully addressing an official or IM staff
– Contacting an official (Automatic ejection)
– Indicating resentment through physical action
» Team Technical
– Bench players disrespectfully addressing officials
or IM staff
– Undesirable fan behavior
– Individuals on the bench commit unsporting acts.
» Administrative technical
– Player is wearing the wrong number.
– A player’s number has to be changed or listed in
the scorebook
– A team is charged an excess timeout.
• Game Management: Do not grant timeouts
when the team has none remaining.
– Team commits a second delay of game penalty.
– Six players participating on the court
• Game Management: Count players before
administering throw-in, free throw, or the tip.

Administrative Technical Fouls
» Administrative Technical Fouls:
– Administrative technical fouls do not count towards the team’s
technical foul limit.
• Common Examples
– Requesting an excess time-out
– Have more than five players participating at one time
– Failure to supply the scorekeeper with the correct names
and numbers of all players
– Two players with identical numbers
– Illegal equipment
– Illegal backcourt pressure

Non-Administrative Technical Fouls
» Non-administrative Technical Fouls
– Player Technical Fouls:
• Player technical fouls count as team technical fouls.
• Any player or coach that is assessed two technical fouls or one flagrant
technical foul during a single contest shall be ejected and must leave the
playing area and facility.
• Common Examples:
– Disrespectfully addressing an official, opponents, and/or spectators
– Loud and excessive profanity
– A player grasps the rim excessively unless trying to prevent injury.
– Intentionally slapping or striking the backboard to disrupt a shot attempt.
– Intentionally contacting an opponent when the ball is dead
– Contacting an official or other Competitive Sports staff member
»

» Team Technical Fouls:
– Any team that is assessed three non-administrative technical during a single contest
will immediately forfeit the game.
– Any team that is assessed four or more non-administrative technical in a single
contest will be subject to removal from the league.
– The team captain is responsible for the behavior of players and supporters. A
technical foul may be assessed to the team captain for poor spectator behavior
– Common Examples:
• Bench Decorum
– Bench players disrespectfully addressing an official, teammates,
opponents, and spectators
– Bench players inciting undesirable crowd reactions
• Disruptive and inappropriate spectator behavior

Co Recreational Modifications

» Team Composition
– Please refer to the following table for legal team ratios.
– If a team has five eligible players, that team may not play with less
five players at any point.
– Exception: A player becomes injured, and there are no eligible
substitutes.
Number of players Male to Female Ratio**
Five Players 2:3, 3:2, 1:4
Four Players 2:2, 1:3, 3:1

» Field Goal Point Values
– All field goals shall count as normal.
– No additional points shall be awarded on the basis of gender.
» Game Ball
– Teams may agree to play with a men’s or women’s regulation
basketball.
– If teams cannot agree, a women’s regulation basketball will be
used.

Game Management

Managing the Game: Basics
» Being aware of player emotions and actions will
allow you to be proactive.
– Being proactive will help you stop problems
before they occur.
» Call obvious fouls and violations regularly.
» A properly managed game will have necessary
technical, intentional, and/or flagrant fouls.
– If possible, try talking to players before
administering serious fouls.
» Problematic players should be addressed
immediately and accordingly.
– Addressing these players may involve
talking, calling fouls, or removing the player
from the game.

Managing the Game: Fighting
» While a fight can happen without warning,
proper game management typically
prevents fights.
» When a fight breaks out:
– Step back and observe players and
others involved in the fighting.
– Watch if any bench players enter the
court.
– Do not attempt to physical stop the
fighting. Simply blow your whistle
loudly and frequently.

Managing the Game: Managing Yourself
» Game management requires that you
manage your emotions.
» Try to remain calm and relaxed
» Be professional at all times.
– When players become uncooperative
or disrespectful, deal with them
accordingly.
– Address the player’s current actions.
» Trust your partners.
– Stay in your primary Area of
Responsibility
– Provide secondary coverage when
needed.
» When dealing with participants support
and back up your partners at all times.

Evaluation & Feedback
» Officials will be evaluated regularly
each night.
» When receiving feedback, ask plenty
of questions for clarification.
» Be receptive to constructive
feedback.
– Understand that your actions and
decisions as an official are being
evaluated, and it is not a
personal attack.
» Being able to receive and apply
feedback is indispensable.

Nightly Evaluation Form
NAME ____________________________ __________________________ __________________________
POSITIVES
OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT
COMMUNICATION
POSITIONING & MECHANICS
APPEARANCE & PRESENTATION
GAME MANAGEMENT
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
GENERAL CREW FEEDBACK

Basketball Official’s Clinic - 2 Man Crew

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