Integration and Automation in Practice: CI/CD in Mule Integration and Automat...
Presentation andreas heinimann cde tabi 1 june 2012 food security
1. Beyond anecdotal evidence of land
acquisitions in Lao PDR
First results on: Dimension and Geography of LA in
Lao PDR
Andreas Heinimann, Oliver Schoenweger, Michael Epprecht,
Palikone Thalongsengchan
LIWG Food security WS
1st June 2012
2. Mushrooming of land concessions & leases in the last decade
Nr. of land concessions & leases
4. Information and knowledge sources:
Local case studies & Systematic national data
evidence Dimension, contexts
processes and pattern
3’600 deals, whereof
2’640 concessions
type, 1,350 with spatial
reference
1.1 Mio ha concessions
(without mining
exploration)
Agri 140’000 ha &
forestry: 300’000 ha
~15% of all villages
have a least 1
concession
5. Emerging patterns by sector
Source: CDE, MoNRE, GIZ
Preliminary results; do not cite
6. Products of agricultural concessions
N = 360, Area = 140’000 ha
Source: CDE, MoNRE, GIZ
Preliminary results; do not cite
7. Products of forestry concessions
N = 367, Area = 306’000 ha
Source: CDE, MoNRE, GIZ
Preliminary results; do not cite
8. Spatial patterns by Investor
Source: CDE, MoNRE, GIZ
Preliminary results; do not cite
9. Pattern by Investor: Focus on Agri & forestry sectors
Sugarcane
Jatropha
Source: CDE, MoNRE, GIZ
Preliminary results; do not cite
10. Contexts of concessions: e.g. Poverty
Av. National
poverty rate
Source: CDE, MoNRE, GIZ
Preliminary results; do not cite
12. Contexts of concessions: Land cover
Note:
Caution is needed
when
interpreting, as
2002 land cover
data is
problematic (e.g.
“unstocked forest”
or “forest issue”)
13. Tendency of shifting upland crops to hinterland due to
commercial crop pressure in well accessibly regions
Shifting cultivation dominated landscapes between 2001 - 2009
K. Hurni , et al, in prep
14. Summary & some key messages
• This is first , one point in time, picture of dimension and
context of land deals. (But 1. contract farming not included
in this and 2. the distributed mandates among the sectors
do not yet ensure consistent monitoring & sharing)
• Only very few products dominate the land rented out in the
agriculture and forestry sector
• FDI deals are on average by factor 3 -5 time larger in terms
of area granted than domestic ones, and by tendency in
more remote regions
• Land deals are not mainly in the very marginal areas (in
terms of poverty, accessibility and ethnicity), but still a
considerable share of such regions is potentially affected
• Some indications that land deals are to a considerable
share taking place in regions with rotational agricultural
systems
• Some signs that, due to CPL pressure in better accessible
regions, subsistence food production is shifted to more
remote location (temporary symptom only ?)
Mning, forest & agro > 90% area but 78% or projects
Mning, forest & agro > 90% area but 78% or projects
4 producs make more than 2/3Sugarecane & jartropha (as biofuels) m 43%Investor thai (40) > clao (15) > s korea > china > vietnam
China (24%) > vn > JV (22) > lao
China & vietnam 60% or area but only 23% of projectchina, vietnam and laos make up 70% of areaChina and vietam 60% of area but only 25% of projectRow LabelsSum of Area_Final%China499571.374535.75013Vietnam306975.002521.96762Laos179882.218912.87266Thailand75890.699075.43086
Size is a factor in negosation power Av sugarcane is over 3000ha whiel cassava, jartopha and cofee are around 500 ha only
Overage povertry rate may seem below average, BUT still 30% of villages severly poor (as the bigger villages nd towns wwith low povertry rates) skew the pivturefForetsr far above, consider that these the large sale & inbalanceinnegosiation power
Reflects overal picture with forest & rotational agri areas totally > 80
Share mine & hydro 10% of gdpexpeced over 20% by 2020Higher economic growth (hydropower and mining contributed 2.5 of the annual 7 percent growth in Laos in the • last three years)significant increase in fiscal revenues (mining and hydro now constitute about 20 percent of total reven20% by 2020 of gdb