Intro to Git, GitHub, and BitBucket
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With these slides we introduce the concept of source control and teach the core features to using Git, GitHub and BitBucket. You can find the accompanying video here. https://youtu.be/lZpNrCgGvuI
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Intro to Git, GitHub, and BitBucket
- 1. Using Git, GitHub, & BitBucket Gwen Daniels Illinois Legal Aid Online gdaniels@illinoislegalaid.org
- 2. Who are you?
- 3. Survey Question Which of these describe how you use Drupal? Our program website runs on Drupal Our statewide website runs on Open Advocate Our statewide website runs on Drupal, but not Open Advocate We don’t use Drupal
- 4. How would you describe your role on the website(s)? I write code/custom modules for the website I install contributed modules, install security updates on the website or edit configuration information in Drupal’s user interface (for example, creating content types, adding fields or changing permissions. I’m a project manager; I sometimes have to deal with developers who work on our website I’m a content manager None of these apply to me; I just want to know a bit more about Git.
- 5. What We’re Covering What is Git and why you should be using it Git setup and options Git commands Git hosting with GitHub and Bitbucket Where to go next
- 6. What is Git? Code management tool Version control Distributed
- 7. Why Use Git? For our own projects Acts as a backup It lets us undo changes It promotes collaboration It organizes To take advantage of other projects
- 8. But I’m not a developer! Drupal sites have probably have at least 2 of these: Custom modules Contributed modules Core modules In Drupal 8: Configuration lives in code, not the database. In Drupal 7, configuration lives in the database but can (and should) live in code via Features.
- 9. How Do I Work With Git? Command line Using a GUI GitHub client SourceTree Within your development IDE (PhpStorm, NetBeans, Eclipse, Sublime Text)
- 10. Getting Git For Windows: Download from https://git-scm.com or Install a GUI like GitHub or Sourcetree For Mac Open Terminal and type git; you’ll be prompted to install the Xcode command line tools OR Same options as Windows For Linux:
- 11. The Git process
- 12. Demo
- 13. Walking through Git: Common Tasks Git init: Create a Git repository Git clone: to copy an existing repo with git clone Git add: to add files to Git Git commit: to commit those files to your local copy Add -m and a message and describe what you did: git commit -m ‘I did something’
- 14. Walking through Git: Interacting with Remote Repositories Add a remote repository using git remote add [name] [url] Git pull: Push your commits to the remote repository Git push: Pull the latest changes from the remote repository
- 15. Keeping track of things... Get help with git --help or git --help command See with list of files you’ve changed with git status View your commit history with git log (or git log remote/branch) Compare changes with git diff
- 16. Advanced Git
- 17. Using Branches By default, everything is in the Master branch Branches let you: Keep the master branch clean of “in development” code changes Makes a copy of the then-existing master branch All work is then done in the new branch Only commit to master when you are done You can publish your branch to share
- 18. Working with branches Get a list of branches using git branch Create a branch using git branch [branch name] Delete a branch using git branch -d [branch name] Merge your branch git merge master [branch name]
- 19. Tags Tags let you: Mark a specific point in time Is essentially a branch that you can not change List all your tags with git tag Create a new tag with git tag ‘name’ -m ‘message’ Push a tag with git push origin ‘name’
- 20. Reverting changes Use git checkout -- . or git reset --hard HEAD to revert any uncommitted file back to the current state Use git checkout [commit] [file] to change your local working copy to an old version. [File] is optional. Use git revert [commit] to undo all the work in that commit and create a new commit undoing those changes
- 22. What are Github and BitBucket? Cloud-hosted repositories Public and private repositories Both offer additional tools: Issue tracking Wikis Nice user interfaces Webhooks and services to integrate with other systems
- 23. Differences GitHub Integrates well with the Github client Free for public repositories Private repositories start at $7/month Nonprofit pricing Bitbucket Integrates well with SourceTree Free for public repositories and small teams (less than 5 people) Seamless integration with other Atlassian products, like Jira
- 24. Github Home of many open source projects DLaw Q & A markup Learn the Law Jonathan Pyle’s DocAssemble
- 25. Code Repository
- 26. Create or switch branches
- 27. Add new file, upload files
- 28. View, or edit files live in the browser
- 32. Pull Requests
- 33. GitHub Wiki
- 34. BitBucket
- 35. Source
- 36. Create or change branches
- 37. Online Editing…
- 38. Issue Tracking
- 39. Pull Requests
- 40. Wiki
- 41. Learn More… Try git in the cloud: https://try.github.io/levels/1/challenges/1 Git Cheat Sheet: https://www.git-tower.com/blog/git-cheat- sheet/ Git Workflows: https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/comparing-workflows/ Slides at:
Notes de l'éditeur
- We are covering 5 things today: what Git is and why it matters, git setup and options for working with git. I’ll walk through the basic Git commands, and then do a demo of GitHub and Bitbucket’s cloud Git hosting. Finally, I’ll share some resources for next steps.
- So what is Git? It’s like document management for code. There is a master repository and then everyone who accesses that has their own local repository and a complete copy of the files. If I edit something in my working copy, I commit it to my local repository and when I’m ready to share it, I publish it to the master repository. If I screw up my working copy, I can erase what I’ve done and it hasn’t affected anything else. And if we push something bad ot the master, we can undo it.
- First, why should we use version control? There’s 2 reasons: one to make our own development projects better and second, to take advantage of everyone else’s stuff. For our own projects, Git brings order to chaos. It provides us with a history of the changes we’ve made and we can roll back. It organizes those changes in a structure we don’t really have to care about unless we need to roll back and it means if we have multiple people working on things, there isn’t a lot of stepping on toes or “wait, I’m not done using that file” kind of things. But beyond our own work, there’s a huge amount of open source projects, mostly on Github, that we can use, modify, and contribute back if we know just a little bit of git. Some examples just within our own community are qnamarkup, Connecticut’s classroom module, and the entire DLAW template are all hosted on Github.
- I know there are at least a few websites in the community that don’t have a single custom module and don’t write any of your own code, so why should you still be using Git? Because somebody is making changes to the code that runs your Drupal website. In Drupal, Git is useful in 3 places. The obvious use case is if you write your own code via custom modules But even if you are just using contributed modules, someone is changing that code periodically. By using git, every time you update, you can more easily revert a bad thing or if you need to apply a patch to a contributed module, you can commit those patches to git to help you remember to recommit them next time the module changes. And finally, configuration. Everytime you change a setting in your Drupal site, it changes somewhere. In Drupal 8, it lives in code. In Drupal 7, in the database. So out of the box, you can leverage git to rollback a bad configuration change. In Drupal 7, if you use the Features module to keep your configuration in code, you can do the same thing. So if all you do is break a view, if it is in code, you can undo it to the last known good state.
- To use Git, you have really 3 options: the command line, a client application like Github client or Atlassian’s SourceTree (both free) and most development IDEs, such as phpstorm, eclipse, netbeans, sublime text, include git tools or have plugins to add git tools. It’s largely a matter of preference and while I mostly use the command line, sometimes I do things directly in phpstorm as well. As I walk through the commands, I’ll demo in both the command line and a client.
- But to use git, you need to install it. I am not going to demo how to install git but this slide has the links for Mac, Windows, and Linux operating systems.
- Git works largely on adds, commits, and pushes. You work in the working directory that is local on your machine. When you add your files to git, it moves it to a staging area. When you commit, it updates your local repository and creates a record of your changes. If you push your changes to a remote repository, that commit gets recorded there as well. If you pull from a remote repository, your local repository gets updated.
- And now to walk through some basic steps. I’ve created a couple local folders on my desktop that I’m going to use. Let’s start with the command line demo. git remote add origin https://github.com/gadaniels/demo-command.git Tell Git who you are: git config --global user.name "Gwen Daniels" git config --global user.email gdaniels@illinoislegalaid.org
- So now you know the basic everyday git commands. One of the most powerful things in git is being able to have different branches. By default, everything is in the master branch. But if that’s what is on your website, you might want to test or develop in a different branch and then merge them together. Let’s walk through that.
- Besides branches, there are tags. Tags are essentially snapshots of a branch at a specific point in time. We use tags a lot at ILAO to mark sprint releases. Every 2 weeks set of code changes, gets tagged with a name and then pushed up to production. We don’t actually use the master branch directly. I can deploy a tag or roll back to a tag just like i would with branches or master
- And finally, one of the biggest powers of git is in the ability to undo your changes. You can undo local work using checkout or use revert to undo committed work.
- So that’s a basic overview of Git. So what are GitHub and Bitbucket? Well, they are hosted versions of Git. They are very similar. We’ve used GitHub for several years at ILAO but are thinking about Bitbucket because we use Jira, another Atlassian product, for our software development project management. Again, it’s a lot of personal preference.
- So let’s do a quick tour of Github.
- I can, from within my browser, create a new file and commit it. While this isn’t probably normal behavior, it can be useful in emergency situations.
- I can create an isuse, label it, tag it to a milestone, and or assign it to someone. If I assign it to someone, it notifies them via email.
- Github will automatically notify the creator of a comment when someone comments on an issue. I can just reply in my email and it will post.
- Git is free, github client, source tree are both free, both github and bitbucket will let you have at least a free public repository so the best next step if you want to do more with git is to try it. Another option is this try.github.io