3. • Main source of drinking water
• Main source of lighting
• Type of latrine facilities
• Drainage connectivity
• Bathing Facility
• Availability of kitchen
• Type of fuel used for cooking
Coverage:Coverage:
4. • Drinking Water:
91.3% of households using Tap water and Well
(covered + un-covered) as source of drinking water
23.4% households using Tap water from treated
sources
77.7% of households have source of water within the
premises (R – 72.9%; U – 83.3%)
AMENITIES
5. Drinking Water Sources – Kerala 2011
Sources Percentage
1. Tap: 29.3
(a) From treated sources 23.4
(b) From un-treated sources 6.0
2. Well 62.0
(a) Covered well 14.6
(b) Un-covered well 47.4
3. Hand pump 0.5
4. Tube well / Borehole 3.7
5.All others 4.4
6. 23.4%
6%
14.6%
47.4%
0.5% 3.7% 4.4%
Main Sources of Drinking Water - Kerala 2011
Tap (treated) Tap (untreated) Coveredwell Uncovered well
Hand pump Tube well/Borehole Others
7. Selected Drinking Water Sources
Kerala 2011
T/R/U Tap Water
Hand
Pump
Covered
well
Tube well /
Borehole
Total 29.3 0.5 14.6 3.7
Rural 24.5 0.4 14.3 3.5
Urban 34.9 0.6 15.0 3.9
HHs (in %)
8. India/
State/
Union
Territory #
Tap water Well
Total
From
treated
source
From un-
treated
source Total
Covered
well
Un-
covered
well
INDIA 43.5 32.0 11.6 11.0 1.6 9.4
Andhra
Pradesh
69.9 49.0 20.9 6.4 0.5 5.9
Karnataka 66.1 41.2 24.8 9.0 1.0 8.0
Goa 85.4 82.1 3.4 11.1 4.0 7.1
Lakshadweep
# 20.3 9.1 11.1 71.7 6.9 64.9
Kerala 29.3 23.4 6.0 62.0 14.6 47.4
Tamil Nadu 79.8 55.8 24.0 5.1 1.2 3.8
Drinking Water Sources
India/Kerala and neighbouring states
9. Distribution of Households by
Major Sources of Drinking Water-Kerala
Total/
Rural/
Urban
Tap
Hand Pump &
Tube-well/Borehole
Well
1991 2001 2011 1991 2001 2011 1991 2001 2011
Total 17.7 20.4 29.3 1.2 3.0 4.2 76.2 71.9 62.0
Rural 10.9 13.9 24.5 1.3 3.0 3.9 81.9 77.2 64.8
Urban 37.9 39.9 34.9 0.8 3.0 4.6 59.5 56.0 58.9
Urban
-Rural
Diff.
27.0 26.0 10.4 -0.5 0.0 0.7 -22.4 -21.2 -5.9
(HH in %)
11. Within the premises – Kerala
(Top 5 Districts) 2011-TOTAL
State/districts
% HH
KERALA 77.7
1. Kollam 85.7
2. Thiruvananthapuram 84.2
3. Thrissur 83.8
4. Malappuram 81.2
5. Kannur 81.1
Near the premises – Kerala (Top
5 Districts) 2011-TOTAL
State/districts
% HH
KERALA 14.1
1. Idukki 31.4
2. Wayanad 23.7
3. Palakkad 19.8
4. Alappuzha 16.0
5. Kasaragod 15.1
Availability of
Drinking Water
Source – Kerala 2011
1111
12. Away – Kerala (Top 5 Districts)
2011-TOTAL
State/districts
% HH
KERALA 8.2
1. Idukki 27.2
2. Wayanad 16.1
3. Kottayam 12.1
4. Kasaragod 11.9
5. Alappuzha 11.3
Availability of
Drinking Water
Source – Kerala 2011
1212
13. Drinking Water
Sources : Tap
– Kerala (Top 5
Districts) 2011
KERALA - TOTAL
State/districts % HH
KERALA 29.3
1. Ernakulam 57.2
2. Palakkad 42.9
3. Thiruvananthapuram 38.2
4. Alappuzha 35.0
5. Idukki 30.2
KERALA - RURAL
State/districts
% HH
KERALA 24.5
1. Palakkad 39.2
2. Ernakulam 38.4
3. Alappuzha 35.3
4. Idukki 29.3
5. Thrissur 29.1
KERALA - URBAN
State/districts
% HH
KERALA 34.9
1. Ernakulam 66.2
2. Palakkad 54.5
3. Thiruvananthapuram 51.7
4. Idukki 49.5
5. Alappuzha 34.7
14. Drinking Water Sources : Tap
(from treated source) – Kerala
(Top 5 Districts) 2011-TOTAL
State/districts
% HH
KERALA 23.4
1. Ernakulam 53.0
2. Palakkad 33.3
3. Thiruvananathapuram 31.9
4. Alappuzha 25.7
5. Thrissur 22.2
Drinking Water Sources : Well
– Kerala (Top 5 Districts) 2011-
TOTAL
State/districts
% HH
KERALA 62.0
1. Kannur 81.3
2. Malappuram 78.4
3. Pathanamthitta 74.4
4. Kozhikode 72.8
5. Kottayam 69.9
1414
Drinking Water Sources : Tap,Well
– Kerala (Top 5 Districts) 2011
15. Drinking Water Sources : Hand
pump/Tube-well/ Borehole – Kerala
(Top 5 Districts) 2011-TOTAL
State/districts
% HH
KERALA 4.2
1. Kasaragod 15.2
2. Alappuzha 14.3
3. Thrissur 7.8
4. Palakkad 5.7
5. Idukki 4.1
1515
16. Main Source of Drinking Water
- Well – Districts 2011
Range (% of
HHs)
Districts
Above 75.0%
(2)
Kannur (81.3%), Malappuram (78.4%)
65.0 % to 74.9%
(5)
Wayanad (65.9%), Kollam (68.9%), Kottayam (69.9%),
Kozhikode (72.8%), Pathanamthitta (74.4%)
50.0% to 64.9%
(3)
Thiruvananthapuram (56.9%), Kasaragod (62.6%),
Thrissur (63.2%),
40.0% to 49.9%
(4)
Idukki (40.3%), Ernakulam (40.5%), Alappuzha
(45.8%), Palakkad (48.4%)
Less than 40.0% Nil
17. Main Source of Drinking Water
- Tap– Distrcits 2011
Range (% of
HHs)
Districts
Above 60.0% Nil
50.0% to 60.0%
(1)
Ernakulam (57.2%)
30.0% to 49.9%
(6)
Kollam (27.1%), Thrissur (27.5%), Idukki (30.2%),
Alappuzha (35.0%), Thiruvananthapuram (38.2%),
Palakkad (42.9%)
20.0% to 29.9%
(3)
Kozhikode (21.0%), Wayanad (22.6%), Kottayam
(22.9%).
Less than 20.0%
(4)
Kannur (11.7%), Kasaragod (13.7%), Malappuram
(14.9%), Pathanamthitta (19.1%)
18.
19.
20. 0
20
40
60
80
100
Tap Well Hand Pump/
Tubewell/Borehole
Anyother
20.4
71.9
3.0
4.8
29.3
62.0
4.2
4.4
Source ofDrinkingWater
Kerala:2001 &2011
2001 2011
Prop of HH in %
21. (HH in %)
Access to Drinking Water Source -
Kerala
T/R/U Within premises Near * Away @
2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011
Total 71.6 77.7 16.5 14.1 12.0 8.2
Rural 69.1 72.9 17.4 16.3 13.5 10.8
Urban 78.9 83.3 13.6 11.5 7.4 5.2
U-R Diff 9.8 10.4 -3.8 -4.8 -6.1 -5.6
*: ‘Near’- Within 500 metres in rural areas or within 100 metres in urban areas
@: ‘Away’- 500 metres or beyond in rural areas or 100 metres or beyond in
urban areas
22. Source of Drinking Water
- Within Premises – Districts 2011
Range (% of
HHs)
Districts
Above 80.0%
(6)
Ernakulam (80.3%), Kannur (81.1%), Malappuram
(81.2%), Thrissur (83.8%), Thiruvananthapuram
(84.2%), Kollam (85.7%).
70.0% to 80.0%
(6)
Palakkad (71.7%), Alappuzha (72.7%), Kottayam
(72.9%), Kasaragod (73.0%).Kozhikode (79.3%),
Pathanamthitta (79.7%)
50.0% to 69.9%
(1)
Wayanad (60.2%)
40.0% to 49.9%
(1)
Idukki (41.4%)
Less than 40.0% Nil
23. Source of Drinking Water
- Away– Districts 2011
Range (% of
HHs)
Districts
Above 30.0% Nil
20.0% to 30.0%
(1)
Idukki (27.2%)
10.0% to 19.9%
(4)
Alappuzha (11.3%), Kasaragod (11.9%), Kottayam
(12.1%), Wayanad (16.1%).
Less than 10.0%
(9)
Kollam (4.6%), Thrissur (4.6%), Ernakulam (4.8%),
Thiruvananthapuram (5.7%), Malappuram (6.5%),
Kannur (7.2%), Kozhikode (8.1%), Palakkad (8.55),
Pathanamthitta (8.5%),
24. Availability of Drinking Water SourceAvailability of Drinking Water Source
Availability
of Drinking
Water
Source
HLO
2010
HLO
2001
NSSO
(65TH
ROUND)
NFHS
(2005-06)
Within the
premises
77.7 71.6 76.5 78.2
Near the
premises
14.1 16.5 19.3 18.8
Away 8.2 12.0 4.2 3.00
25. India/
State/
Union Territory #
Availability of Drinking Water Source
Within the
premises
Near the
premises Away
INDIA 46.6 35.8 17.6
Andhra Pradesh 43.2 37.3 19.5
Karnataka 44.5 37.3 18.2
Goa 79.7 15.5 4.8
Lakshadweep #
83.7 14.3 2.0
Kerala 77.7 14.1 8.2
Tamil Nadu 34.9 58.1 7.0
Availability of Drinking Water Source
26. • Main source of lighting
94.4% households use electricity (R – 92.1%; U-
97.0%)
Increase of 24.2% over 2001 (R – 26.6 pt; U- 12.7 %)
Urban Rural difference reduced by 13.9 %s from
18.8 %s in 2001 to 4.9 %s in 2011
5.2% of households use Kerosene (R – 7.4%; U-
2.8%)
Decline of 23.9 % over 2001 (R – 26.4 %; U- 12.3 %)
AMENITIES
27. Main Source of Lighting, 2011 Kerala
Source of
lighting
Percentage
Electricity 94.4
Kerosene 5.2
Solar energy 0.2
Other Oil 0.1
Any Other 0.1
No lighting 0.0
29. Households having Electricity
as Main Source of Lighting - Kerala
T/R/U Electricity
Change
(%)
2001 2011 2011-01
Total 70.2 94.4 24.2
Rural 65.5 92.1 26.6
Urban 84.3 97.0 12.7
U-R Diff 18.8 4.9 -
(HH in %)
30. Main Source of Lighting
Electricity – Districts 2011
Range (% of
HHs)
Districts
Above 90.0%
(11)
Palakkad (93.5%), Kozhikode (93.8%), Kannur (94.1%),
Malappuram (94.3%), Pathanamthitta (94.5%),
Thiruvananthapuram (94.6%), Kollam (95.1%),
Alappuzha (96.1%), Kottayam (96.6%), Thrissur
(97.0%), Ernakulam (97.4%).
80.0% to 90.0%
(3)
Wayanad (80.8%), Idukki (88.4%), Kasaragod
(88.8%)
Less than 80.0% Nil
31.
32. India/
State/
Union
Territory #
Distribution of households by source of lighting
Electri
city Kerosene
Solar
energy Other oil Any other No lighting
INDIA 67.3 31.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5
Andhra
Pradesh
92.2 6.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4
Karnataka 90.6 8.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4
Lakshadweep
# 99.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Kerala 94.4 5.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tamil Nadu 93.4 5.9 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4
33. Electricity 94.4 70.2 94.1 91.8 91
Kerosene 5.2 29.1 - - -
Solar 0.2 0.5 - - -
Other oil 0.1 0.1 - - -
Any other 0.1 0.1 - - -
No lighting 0.0 0.0 - - -
Main source of lighting
Items HLO2010
HLO
2001
NSSO(65t
h
round) DLHS
NFHS
(200
5-06)
34. Bathing facility:
85.8% households have bathing facility (R – 79.5%;U –
92.9%)
Increase of 23.7 % over 2001 ( R -23 %; U – 14 %)
Urban – Rural difference reduced by 9 % from 22.4 % in
2001 to 13.4 % in 2011
AMENITIES
35. T/R/U
Having bathing facility
Have facility Does not
have facilityBathroom Enclosure
without roof
Total 81.2 4.6 14.2
Rural 74.5 5.0 20.5
Urban 88.8 4.1 7.1
Households Having Bathing Facility - 2011
Kerala
(in %)
36. T/R/U Have bathing facility Change (pts)
2001 2011 2001-2011
Total 62.1 85.8 23.7
Rural 56.5 79.5 23.0
Urban 78.9 92.9 14.0
U-R Diff 22.4 13.4 -
(HH in %)
Households Having Bathing Facility -
Kerala
37. 0
20
40
60
80
100
Bathroomavailable Bathing in enclosure
without roof
Nobathroom
81.2
4.6
14.2
74.5
5.0
20.5
88.8
4.1
7.1
Bathing Facility Kerala 2011
Total Rural Urban
Prop of HH in %
38. Bathing facility
India/
State/
Union Territory #
Bathroom
available
Bathing in
enclosure
without roof No bathroom
INDIA 42.0 16.4 41.6
Andhra Pradesh 50.6 16.5 32.9
Karnataka 74.8 11.5 13.7
Lakshadweep #
96.0 1.1 2.9
Kerala 81.2 4.6 14.2
Tamil Nadu 49.9 14.2 35.8
40. • Drainage connectivity:
46.4% households have drainage facility (R – 39.2%;U – 54.5%)
25.2% households have closed drainage (R – 17.9%;U –33.5%)
21.2% households have open drainage (R – 21.3%;U – 21.0%)
53.6% households have no drainage facility (R– 60.8%;U –
45.5%)
26.7 % decline in households having no drainage (R–23.2 %;U –
23.6 %)
Urban-Rural difference in no drainage increased by 0.4 % from
14.9 % in 2001 to 15.3 %s in 2011
AMENITIES
41. Households Having Drainage Connectivity
- Kerala : 2001 & 2011
(HH in %)
T/R/U
Have facility
No drainage
Closed drainage Open drainage
2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011
Total 8.0 25.2 11.7 21.2 80.3 53.6
Rural 5.8 17.9 10.2 21.3 84.0 60.8
Urban 14.9 33.5 16.0 21.0 69.1 45.5
Urban-Rural
Diff.
9.1 15.6 5.8 -0.3 -14.9 -15.3
42. 0
20
40
60
80
100
Closed drainage Open drainage No drainage
8.0
11.7
80.3
25.2
21.2
53.6
Connectivity of Waste Water Outlet:
Kerala 2011
2001 2011
Prop of HH in %
43. Type of drainage
India/
State/
Union Territory #
Closed
drainage Open drainage No drainage
INDIA 18.1 33.0 48.9
Andhra Pradesh 21.6 35.4 43.1
Karnataka 26.1 34.6 39.3
Goa 43.7 25.1 31.2
Lakshadweep #
11.4 13.0 75.6
Kerala 25.2 21.2 53.6
Tamil Nadu 25.4 24.9 49.8
44. Latrine within premises:
95.2% households have latrine facility (R – 93.2%;U – 97.4%)
66.7% households have water closet (R – 59.1%;U – 75.3%)
28.3% households have pit latrine (R – 34.0%;U – 21.9%)
0.2% households have other types of latrine (R– 0.2%; U –
0.3%)
11.2 % decline in households having no latrine (R–11.9 %; U –
5.4 %
AMENITIES
45. Households having latrine facility within the
premises - 2011 Kerala
Type of latrines
HHs having latrine
facility within premises
(%)
1. Have latrine facility 100.0
a. Flush/ pour flush connected to 66.7
(i) Piped water system 12.0
(ii) Septic tank 50.3
(iii) Other system 4.4
b. Pit latrine 28.3
(i) With slab/ ventilated 27.6
(ii) Without slab/ Open pit 0.7
c. Night soil disposed into open drain 0.2
d. Service latrine 0.1
(i) Night soil removed by human 0.0
(ii) Night soil serviced by animal 0.0
46. Households Having Latrine Facility
Kerala : 2001 & 2011
(HH in %)
T/R/U
Have latrine facility
within premises
Do not have latrine
facility within
premises
2001 2011 2001 2011
Total 84.1 95.2 16.0 4.8
Rural 81.4 93.2 18.7 6.8
Urban 92.1 97.4 8.0 2.6
Urban-Rural Diff. 10.7 4.2 -10.7 -4.2
47. Having Latrine Within the Premises
– Districts 2011
Range (% of HHs) Districts
Above 95.0% (6)
Kottayam (96.6%), Malappuram (97.4%), Kannur
(97.6%), Kozhikode (97.8%), Thrissur (97.8%),
Ernakulam (97.9%).
85.0% to 94.9%
(8)
Idukki (89.1%), Palakkad (89.8%), Kasaragod
(91.8%),Wayanad (91.8%), Alappuzha (92.9%),
Pathanamthitta (93.9%), Thiruvananthapuram
(94.2%), Kollam (94.5%).
Less than 85.0% Nil
50. India/
State/
Union Territory #
Latrine facility
Available within
premises
Latrine Not available
within premises
INDIA 46.9 53.1
Andhra Pradesh 49.6 50.4
Karnataka 51.2 48.8
Goa 79.7 20.3
Lakshadweep #
97.8 2.2
Kerala 95.2 4.8
Tamil Nadu 48.3 51.7
Households Having Latrine Facility
Prop of HH in %
51. Latrine within the premises-Latrine within the premises-
comparison with external sourcescomparison with external sources
LatrineLatrine
within thewithin the
premisespremises HLO2010 HLO 2001
NSSO
(65TH
ROUN
D) DLHS
Yes 95.2 84.0 95.3 96.7
No 4.8 16 4.7 3.3
52. Kitchen
96.7% households have Kitchen facility
(R – 95.5%;U –98.0%)
94.7% households have Kitchen facility inside house
(R – 93.1%;U – 96.4%)
2.1% households have Kitchen facility outside house
(R – 2.4%;U – 1.6%).
AMENITIES
53. Households Having Separate Kitchen
2011, Kerala
Availability of kitchen Total Rural Urban
Total 100.0 100.0 100.00
1. Cooking inside house: 96.2 95.1 97.4
(a) Has kitchen 94.7 93.1 96.4
(b) Does not have kitchen 1.5 2.0 1.0
2. Cooking outside house 3.6 4.7 2.3
(a) Has kitchen 2.1 2.4 1.6
(b) Does not have kitchen 1.5 2.2 0.6
3. No cooking 0.3 0.3 0.3
(HH in %)
54. Availability of Separate Kitchen
– Districts 2011
Range (% of
HHs)
Districts
Above 95.0%
(11)
Alappuzha (95.3%), Kollam (95.9%), Palakkad (96.0%),
Thiruvananthapuram (96.4%), Kottayam (96.8%),
Kozhikode (97.1%), Kasaragod (97.2%), Malappuram
(97.9%), Kannur (98.0%), Ernakulam (98.1%), Thrissur
(98.1%).
90.0% to 95.0%
(3)
Pathanamthitta (93.9%), Idukki (94.1%), Wayanad
(94.2%).
Less than 90.0% Nil
56. India/
State/
Union Territory #
Kitchen
Kitchen
available
Cooking
inside house,
does not
have kitchen
Cooking in
open No cooking
INDIA 61.3 31.5 6.8 0.3
Andhra Pradesh 54.2 23.2 22.2 0.3
Karnataka 89.3 7.7 2.6 0.3
Goa 92.9 4.7 1.7 0.7
Lakshadweep #
95.5 0.8 1.2 2.5
Kerala 96.7 1.5 1.5 0.3
Tamil Nadu 76.5 13.7 9.4 0.4
Availability of Kitchen
57. Fuel Used for Cooking
61.9% households use firewood(R –73.0%;U – 49.4%)
35.8% households use LPG/PNG (R – 24.7%;U –
48.4%)
Increase of 18.1 % in use of LPG (R – 12.8 %; U –
13.4 %)
AMENITIES
59. Households by Fuel used for Cooking
0.3%
0.0%0.6%
0.0%
35.8%
0.4%
0.1%
0.1%
0.8%
61.9%
Fire-wood Crop residue Cowdung cake Coal, Lignite, Charcoal
Kerosene LPG/PNG Electricity Biogas
Any other No cooking
HH in %
60. Fuel Used For Cooking - Firewood
– Districts 2011
Range (% of
HHs)
Districts
Above 75.0%
(5)
Kozhikode (76.6%), Kannur (76.6%), Idukki (77.5%),
Malappuram (80.2%), Wayanad (84.8%)
50.0% to 74.9%
(7)
Thrissur (52.5%), Thiruvananthapuram (55.9%),
Pathanamthitta (57.7%), Kollam (58.0%), Kottayam
(58.8%), Palakkad (69.5%), Kasaragod (70.1%)
25.0% to 49.9%
(2)
Ernakulam (34.7%), Alappuzha (45.5%)
Less than 25.0% Nil
62. Fuel Used For Cooking – LPG/PNG
– Districts 2011
Range (% of
HHs)
Districts
Above 75.0% Nil
50.0% to 74.9%
(2)
Alappuzha (51.9%), Ernakulam (63.1%)
25.0% to 49.9%
(7)
Kasaragod (27.7%), Palakkad (28.4%), Kottayam
(39.0%), Kollam (39.7%), Pathanamthitta (40.3%),
Thiruvananthapuram (41.5%), Thrissur (45.5%).
Less than 25.0%
(5)
Wayanad (12.4%), Malappuram (18.1%), Idukki
(19.7%),Kannur (21.2%), Kozhikode (21.3%)
63. Type of Fuel used for Cooking
Items
HLO
2010
HLO
2001
NSSO
(65TH
ROUND)
NFHS
(2005-06)
Fire-wood 61.9 77.4 67.3 47.0
Crop residue 0.8 1.8 na na
Cowdung cake 0.1 0.1 na na
Coal, Lignite, Charcoal 0.1 0.0 na 0.1
Kerosene 0.4 1.7 0.3 0.4
LPG/ PNG 35.8 17.7 30.4 26.4
Electicity 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bio-gas 0.6 0.8 na 1.3
Any other 0.0 0.1 na na
No cooking 0.3 0.3 na na
