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97%of the world’s
available water is
salt water...
...only 3% is
fresh water.
3
is the amount of available water, which covers 70% of earth.
But only 213,000 km³ of water is easily accessible, and 80% of our fresh water
is frozen in the polar icecaps.
1,400,000,000 km³
is what it takes to produce a cup of coffee – what
some experts refer to as “virtual water.”
140 liters of water
is the pore size of the reverse osmosis membrane marketed under
LANXESS’ Lewabrane® brand. Only water molecules pass through, making it
ideal for obtaining drinking water from seawater and brackish water.
0.0000010 mm
Agenda
1. LANXESS protects water
2. Water is becoming an increasingly valuable resource
3. Using water efficiently
4. LANXESS water treatment solutions
4
5
LANXESS – a global specialty chemicals player focused on
technology and innovation
Global success story
 Roughly 17,500 employees in 31 countries
 52 production sites worldwide
 2012 sales of EUR 9.1 billion
Specialty chemicals company
 Spun off from Bayer in 2004
 Listed in the DAX index* since 2012
 Focused on plastics, synthetic rubber,
specialty chemicals and intermediates
Strategy of targeted innovation
 Vital to LANXESS growth
 Emphasis on process and product innovation
* German stock market index.
LANXESS is energizing chemistry
 Premium specialty chemicals company
 More than 5,000 products for a diverse range of
applications
 High-quality solutions enabling customers to
successfully meet current and future challenges
Premium quality Technical expertise
InnovationSustainability
 Commitment to sustainable development
 Engineering solutions to meet the challenges of
global megatrends
 Developing environmentally friendly technologies,
resource-efficient processes and next-generation
products
 State-of-the-art materials, services and solutions
that meet the most exacting standards
 Creating significant value for our customers, our
company and the environment
 Targeted innovation designed to meet
customer needs
 Pragmatic corporate culture drives product,
process and outside-the-box innovation
 Highly effective innovation network, combining
global reach with local expertise
LANXESS global mission
6
Solutions for global megatrends
Agriculture
UrbanizationMobility
Water
7
LANXESS expertise – megatrend water
8
Sustainability
 Products and technologies from
LANXESS enable more
sustainable and responsible use
of water
 Development of innovative
solutions for water treatment*
Global responsibility
InnovationsPremium quality
 Full-service provider of premium
products for water treatment and
purification
 LANXESS products and processes
are used worldwide to treat water
and to enable companies and
communities to handle this
resource efficiently
* Prevention of water contamination, removal of harmful substances from contaminated water, and purification of existing water resources.
LANXESS sites for water treatment products
9
Sydney (AU)
Leverkusen
(GER)
Krefeld-Uerdingen
(GER)
Bitterfeld
(GER)
Porto Feliz (BR)
Singapore (SG)
Jhagadia (IN)
Pittsburgh (US)
Agenda
1. LANXESS protects water
2. Water is becoming an increasingly valuable resource
3. Using water efficiently
4. LANXESS water treatment solutions
10
Water – elixir of life
11
of the worldʼs
available
water is salt
water...
97%
of the worldʼs
available water
is fresh water...
3%
Less than 1% of the world’s water is available for human use
 Worldwide, some 35 million km³ of
fresh water is available. However,
only around 213,000 km³ is easily
accessible
 These 213,000 km³ can be found
mainly in lakes, rivers and around
45,000 major reservoirs
 The majority (80%) of available fresh
water is frozen in the polar icecaps
Three applications that account for
global water consumption
12
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 2012; data from 2006
* Rounding differences.
Global
57%
22% 22%
Europe*
10%
9%
80%
Southeast Asia*
While more than two-thirds of Europe’s
water consumption is for industry
and domestic purposes, in Southeast Asia
around 80% of water consumption is for
agriculture.
Agriculture
Industry
Private households
12%
19%
69%
Global population growth is
increasing the demand for clean water
13
Sources: UNESCO World Water Development Report 2009
* 884 million people have no access to an acceptable water supply by today’s standards; 2.6 billion have no sanitation. Developing countries are particularly affected.
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
2010 water supply:
4,200 billion m³
2010 demand for water:
4,500 billion m³
2030 demand for water:
6,900 billion m³
2030 water supply:
uncertain
 The world’s growing population and increasing
strains on the environment will further limit
access to clean water
 Water consumption will continue to rise: As the
global population will grow by roughly 80 million
people per year, water consumption will annually
increase by an estimated 64 million m³
 Local availability of water is already insufficient in
many regions*
 In 2010, the United Nations declared the right to
clean water as a human right – making the efficient
use of water ever more important
Population in billions
6
6.9
7.6
8.3
9
Water becomes increasingly scarce –
global impacts to consider
14
Water use in
everyday life
Industrial
water use
Intensification
of agriculture
Contaminated
wastewater
Population
growth
Global impacts –
intensification of agriculture
15
Sources: United Nations Population Division / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations World Water Development Report 2012
* Significant differences exist between BRIC countries with regard to water supply used for agriculture, e.g., Russia: 20%, India: 87%.
** E.g., due to climate change.
 Agricultural water
consumption is rising
 By 2030, the demand for food
will increase by 50%; by 2050,
by 70%
 Rising (meat) consumption
requires more farmland
 Because water is essential to
agriculture, water usage must
become more efficient
44%
75% 90%
OECD BRIC* Developing countries
Agricultural water demand in 2012
2050
2008
338 mil ha
304 mil ha
170 mil
ha 1970
Increasing irrigation of cultivated land**
 Water consumption in everyday life is
influenced by two factors:
 Direct water consumption
 Indirect water consumption (“virtual water”)*
 The total amount of water a person uses is their
“water footprint”
 The world’s growing population means that water
must be handled carefully
Global impacts –
water consumption in everyday life
16
Source: www.wasserfussabdruck.org
* See page 17.
** Consumption per capita per year.
Average water footprint**
 Global average: 1,240 m³
 USA: 2,483 m³
 Germany: 1,545 m³
 China: 702 m³
Countries’ average water footprint
In focus: “virtual water” –
how much water is needed for what?
17
1 kg of beef 1 car
 British scientist John Anthony
Allan researched the
hidden quantities of water
consumption and coined the
term “virtual water”
 Water used for the manufacture,
packaging and transport of
products* is taken into account
Source: http://virtualwater.eu/
* Water used in one country for exported goods is allocated to the importing country.
1 cup of coffee
140 l
400,000 l16,000 l
Global impacts –
industrial water usage
18
 The growth of industry requires more clean water,* e.g.:
 In power plants: for energy production
 In mining: for recovering and purifying rare earths**
 In the electronics industry: to create ultra-pure water for the
manufacture of semiconductors
 In the paper industry: as a lubricant and binding agent for
paper fibers
 In the food industry: as a component of food and beverages
 In medicine: for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals
 A special issue in developing countries
 Many countries have not yet adopted technologies for advanced
water purification and treatment processes
 Regulations regarding water abstraction, water quality
and wastewater treatment are often disregarded
* Water is used for many purposes in industry, including the cooling systems of production plants and as a transport agent.
** Rare earths are metals used for the manufacture of polishes, special glass, plasma and LCD screens, energy-saving lamps and radar units.
Global impacts –
wastewater contamination
19
Source: UNESCO World Water Development Report 2009
* Assuming that 1 liter of wastewater can pollute 8 liters of fresh water.
 Increasing wastewater
contamination due to population
growth and increasing
industrialization:
 Global wastewater production
is around 1,500 km³ per year
 Current wastewater
contamination is estimated at
12,000 km³* per year
 Improper disposal of wastewater
 Around the world, around 80%
of municipal wastewater flows
back into watercourses
untreated
 In developing countries, 90%
of wastewater is fed back into
watercourses untreated
The four challenges of water supply
20
Proper conservation
of water in daily life
Clean water and
efficient treatment
for industrial use
Efficient water use
for agriculture
Proper treatment of
wastewater
Population
growth
Agenda
1. LANXESS protects water
2. Water is becoming an increasingly valuable resource
3. Using water efficiently
4. LANXESS water treatment solutions
21
Clean water is extremely important for
the sustainable development of our planet
22
Households, agriculture and industry all depend on an adequate supply of clean water.
Different standards of water quality and purity are required depending on the application.
Only through state-of-the-art treatment and the efficient use
of water, this vital resource can be secured for future generations.
What does water treatment mean?
23
Regular water cycle
Water recycling
1
4
3 4
2
Water often needs to be purified
or treated before use
It is then available to
households, agriculture and
industry
After use, the water may be
contaminated and thus needs
further treatment
The water can then be reused
or returned to open water-
courses and groundwater
Clean water may be discharged
without treatment after use
1
3
4
2
5
5
Treatment to produce
clean fresh water
Use in industry,
agriculture and private
households
Groundwater, surface
water, wastewater
Processes for treating water
24
Adsorption and
absorption
processes*
Mechanical
processes
Chemical
processes
Biological
processes
Thermal
processes
Ion exchange resin
adsorption
Adsorption with
oxides
Activated-carbon
adsorption
Extraction
Sieving
Filtration
Membrane
processes (e.g.,
reverse osmosis)
Precipitation
Oxidation
Water treatment
with biocides
Water softening
Distillation
Incineration
Thermolysis
Biochemical
oxidation
Biochemical
reduction
Sludge digestion
* Adsorption refers to the enrichment of substances from gases or liquids at the surface of a solid body. Absorption describes the take-up or “dissolving” of atoms,
molecules or ions in a phase.
Example: ion exchange resin adsorption (1/3)
What are ions?
25
An ion is an electrically charged atom
 Atoms are the smallest components of a material – they consist of an
atomic nucleus and an atomic shell
 The atomic nucleus is made up of protons (positively charged
particles) and neutrons (neutral particles)
 Electrons (negatively charged particles) orbit the atomic nucleus on
different paths*
 In their neutral state, atoms have an equal number of electrons
(negatively charged particles) and protons (positively charged
particles)
 An ion is produced if an atom has more or fewer electrons than
in the neutral state**
 Positively charged ions are called cations
 Negatively charged ions are called anions
Structure of an atom
* The electrons in the inner orbit are usually firmly bound to the atomic nucleus; the electrons of the external orbits are less fixed given the distance from the nucleus.
** If there are too many electrons, the ion takes on electrons and is therefore negatively charged; if there are too few electrons, it emits electrons and is therefore positively charged.
Cation Anion
+
-
+
-
-
Electrons
Neutrons
Atomic
nucleus
Protons
Example: ion exchange resin adsorption (2/3)
How it works
26
What are ion exchange resins?
 Small, porous polystyrene beads
that are insoluble in water and
organic solvents, or acrylic
resins with a functional group*
 Diameter of 0.25 to 1.3 mm
What can ion exchange
resins do?
 Remove certain ions from liquids
 To do so, they emit ions with the
same charge into the solution
The small beads are
constructed from a
network of polymer
threads with a large
number of cavities.
Functional groups are
applied to the polymer
chains.
These chemical
substances take on
anions or cations
and …
How does ion exchange resin adsorption work?
… can exchange these
for other ions like
tentacles.
Polymer
framework Functional
group
* The functional group is key to the chemical functioning of the ion exchange resins. It is also termed “anchor group.” It gives the exchange resin its characteristics as an ion exchange
resin type. A functional group may be, for instance, a sulfonic-acid group, a carboxyl group or an amine.
Example: ion exchange resin adsorption (3/3)
Application examples
27
Areas of application for ion exchange resins in the industry
 In power plants: treatment of raw water and condensate for
steam generation
 In the semiconductor, solar and pharmaceutical industry: production
of ultra-pure water
 Wastewater treatment in all industrial processes where metals
are processed or refined
Ion exchange resins enable the extraction of metals
 Metals are extracted from ores at high temperatures under pressure
with the help of acids
 By using ion exchange resins, the metals can be recovered from
these acidic solutions
Ion exchange resins decarbonize* drinking water
 Ion exchange resins can be used to treat drinking water by removing
unwanted substances that impair taste and smell**
* Decarbonization means the partial softening of the water.
** In some cases, these unwanted substances may also be harmful to health.
In focus: water recycling in the power plant
with ion exchange resins
28
For use in power plants, water is taken from watercourses and
treated as feed water* using ion exchange resins
The treated feed water is then fed into the condensate circuit of
the power plant
Within the circuit, the water is vaporized, used to generate
electricity and recondensed
 During the process sequence, the water may become
contaminated with particles or soluble substances
This means it needs to be retreated with ion exchange resins before
the next vaporization cycle (recycling)
Power
plant
Condensate
circuit
Ion exchange
resins
Feed water
2
3
1
2
3
4
1
4
* For example, demineralized water that is fed into a steam generator from feed water containers in power plants.
Example: water treatment by adsorption with oxides
29
* Arsenic has a high affinity with iron oxide; in the first half of the 19th century, Robert Bunsen discovered that iron hydroxide precipitated from iron salts
using lime relieves symptoms of arsenic poisoning.
** Adsorbents are solids that enable the accumulation of substances due to their suitable surface.
What are oxides?
 Oxides are chemical compounds that contain metals and oxygen:
metal + oxygen = metal oxide
Oxides for the treatment of drinking water and wastewater
 Iron oxides are especially well suited to the removal of arsenic,
phosphates and other substances from drinking water and
wastewater due to their high adsorption capacity*
 The grainy iron oxide granulate (adsorbent**) is used in a filter bed
(solid carrier material in reactors)
 On flowing through the filter bed, the unwanted substances react with
the surface of the iron oxide particles and form a compound that is
insoluble in water
In focus: arsenic removal from drinking water
30
Global arsenic concentration
Western
USA
Mexico
Chile
Argentina
Hungary
Romania
Nepal
Mongolia
Taiwan
Vietnam
Thailand
What is arsenic?
 Arsenic is an odor and flavor-
neutral metalloid
Why is arsenic so dangerous?
 Arsenic is one of the most
dangerous contaminants of
drinking water
 In many regions of the world,
the groundwater from which
drinking water is taken is
contaminated with arsenic
 The WHO* sets down threshold
values: arsenic concentration in
drinking water may not exceed
10 micrograms per liter
* World Health Organization
What are membranes?
 Membranes are selective
barriers that allow certain
substances to pass through
while others are blocked
 Four membrane technologies
are differentiated depending on
their pore size
 Microfiltration (0.1-1 µm)
 Ultrafiltration (0.01-0.1 µm)
 Nanofiltration (0.001-0.01 µm)
 Reverse (< 0.001 µm)
osmosis
Example: membrane technologies
31
Pure
water
Microfiltration
membrane
Ultrafiltration
membrane
Nanofiltration
membrane
Reverse osmosis
membrane
There are four membrane types
How does reverse osmosis (RO) work?
 Reverse osmosis is a technique whereby unwanted,
dissolved substances are removed from fluids*
 The fluid being purified is forced through a semipermeable
(partially permeable) membrane at high pressure
Areas of application of reverse osmosis
 Industrial water treatment
 Desalination of process, feed and wastewater
 Municipal water treatment
 Desalination of drinking water (e.g. sea water)
 Wastewater treatment
 Remediation and regeneration of groundwater*
Example: water treatment by reverse osmosis
32
Structure of a reverse osmosis
membrane element
* As part of groundwater remediation, the water is usually pumped off through wells and purified in various systems.
Why does water need to be desalinated?
 Depending on the application, industry needs water with a very low
salinity to avoid incrustation or corrosion
 For use as drinking water, because water is only potable below a
certain salinity*
 Desalination is also important for regions with affected watercourses,
for instance through agriculture
In focus: desalination of water
through reverse osmosis
33
* This is regulated, for example, via the German Drinking Water Ordinance (TVO); similar statutory provisions apply in other countries.
** The salinity of water determines its water category: Salinity is measured by the sum of salts dissolved in the water (total dissolved solids, in mg/l). The higher the
salinity, the harder the desalination process using reverse osmosis.
Water desalinated per
day worldwide using reverse
osmosis (in m³)
3,068,751
Total:
68,506,754
3,471,136
5,172,519
13,626,427
43,167,921
Categories after
desalination
Drinking water < 600 mg/l TDS
Pure water < 500 mg/l TDS
Ultra-pure water < 1 mg/l TDS
Naturally
occurring
categories
Sea water** 15,000–50,000 mg/l TDS
Brackish water 1,500–15,000 mg/l TDS
River water 500–3,000 mg/l TDS
Example: water treatment with biocides
34
Why is it necessary to treat water with biocides?
 Biocides are used to control the growth of microorganisms
(e.g., bacteria, fungi or algae) in industrial water cycles
Why is water treatment with biocides so important?
 Large quantities of water are used in industrial processes, e.g., in
cooling systems or paper production
 At warm temperatures and with steady exposure to air, this water
can provide optimal conditions for the growth of microorganisms
 Biocides can prevent the growth and spread of these
microorganisms and ensure that facilities continue to
function properly
 Biocides lower the risk of production downtime
Example: water softening as an
effective purification process
35
What is water softening?
 Water softening prevents lime deposits in water
 The formation of certain salts* is prevented
Where does water softening play a part?
 In industrial cleansing processes, such as the rinsing of bottles in
beverage production
 In water-dependent cleaning equipment in private households**
Why is water softening important for cleansing processes?
 The lime that is dissolved in water supplies reduces the
performance of many cleaning agents (surfactants)
 Surfactants perform optimally in softened water
 Softening thus makes it possible to reduce the use of fresh water,
cleaning agents and detergents
* Calcium and magnesium ions dissolved in water can form calcium or magnesium salts that may result in lime deposits.
** E.g., laundry machines, dishwashers.
Agenda
1. LANXESS protects water
2. Water is becoming an increasingly valuable resource
3. Using water efficiently
4. LANXESS water treatment solutions
36
Tailor-made solutions for the efficient use of water –
Energized by LANXESS
37
Products from LANXESS …
... make water available for use in private households
and as clean drinking water
... make it possible to produce pure and ultra-pure
water for industrial processes
... promote the efficient use of water in agriculture
... enable sustainable water management through
innovative recycling methods
LANXESS products, services and innovations
enable us and our customers to create
progressive and efficient solutions for the use
of water resources.
Focus on the development of innovative and
sustainable solutions
38
Research and
development
Sustainability and
responsibility
Product efficiency
 LANXESS supports the development of efficient
agents to enable our water resources to meet the
needs of the world’s growing population
 LANXESS is committed to conserving the valuable
resource of water – which plays a part in both its
commercial activities and its social commitments
 LANXESS offers technically sophisticated, extremely
powerful products to produce high-quality water at
an affordable cost
LANXESS processes for water treatment
39
Sieving
Filtration
Mechanical processes
Membrane
processes,
such as
Reverse
osmosis
Precipitation
Oxidation
Chemical processes
Water
treatment
with biocides
Water
softeningActivated-carbon
adsorption
Extraction
Adsorption and
absorption processes
Ion
exchange
resin
adsorption
Adsorption
with oxides
40
 The removal of substances from water
Areas of application
 Groundwater
 Process water
LANXESS polymer beads for reliable and economical water purification
 Diverse range of heterodisperse and monodisperse products**
 Purification with low energy consumption due to low pressure loss of the resins
 Longer service life and reliable adsorption of substances in the water due
to inner and outer homogeneity of the beads***
 Efficient regeneration (retreatment) of the resins reduces the use of chemicals
Solutions for …
Adsorption with innovative ion exchange resins
* Ion exchange resins are also used in private households: in cartridge water filter systems e.g. in drinking-water filters, coffee machines and electric kettles.
** Heterodisperse ion exchange resins have polymer beads of different sizes; monodisperse ion exchange resins, conversely, have polymer beads of uniform size.
*** The beads form a homogenous bed structure that is similar to a crystal lattice. This produces channels of an equal size that enable uniform water throughput.
 Drinking water*
 Wastewater
 Food production
41
 Arsenic removal*
Areas of application
 Drinking water
 Wastewater
LANXESS iron oxide granulate Bayoxide® E33 satisfies individual needs
in the field of arsenic removal
 A range of product grades serving different requirements and areas of deployment
 Stable granulate that does not disintegrate in water
 A particularly safe and cost-effective way to reduce arsenic concentrations
in tap water**
Solutions for …
Adsorption with effective iron oxide granulate
* Lewatit® FO 36, a hybrid adsorber by LANXESS made up of anion exchangers and iron oxide, also removes arsenic from water.
** Using Bayoxide® E33 HC, a product co-developed by LANXESS and Severn Trent (a UK-based water technology company).
42
 Desalination of water
Areas of application
 Production of feed water for power plants
 Desalination and particle removal for industrial processes
 Drinking-water treatment*
Membrane elements from LANXESS for efficient desalination
 The membrane elements consist of spiral-wound, thin-film composite membranes
specially developed for water treatment
 Low salt passage**
 Improved rejection of organic compounds
 Good mechanical and chemical stability of membrane
Solutions for …
Reverse osmosis with high-performance
membrane elements
* Treatment of drinking water from brackish or sea water often requires a certification from NSF International or a corresponding permit certifying that the manufacturing processes for
reverse osmosis elements have been approved for drinking-water applications. LANXESS received this certificate for Lewabrane® in June 2013.
** The rejection is usually > 99.7% under standard conditions.
43
 Efficient water cycles
Areas of application
 Prevents the formation of surface scum
 Restricts growth of bacteria, algae and fungi
LANXESS biocides – innovative products and expert advice
 High effectiveness enables stable plant performance
 Continuous innovation thanks to state-of-the-art research labs in several locations
 Large biocide portfolio and customized technical advice: make it possible to select
the optimum product at the right dosage
 Broad expertise to secure compliance with statutory provisions
Solutions for …
Water treatment in cooling cycles
44
 Powerful paper mills
Areas of application
 Prevents spread of microorganisms in wet pulp
 This is necessary because paper mills provide an optimal environment
for bacteria and fungi due to warm temperatures and a steady supply of air
 Additives used in paper production are also nutrients that foster the growth
of microorganisms
LANXESS biocides support reliable paper production
 Keep the water clean during production process
 Provide effective control of the microorganisms that lead to the formation of
scum in papermaking machines
 Offer protection against system compromise and downtime during production
Solutions for …
Water treatment in paper mills
45
 Water treatments that optimize the effectiveness
of cooling-water additives and detergents
Areas of application in industry
 Cooling-water systems and industrial cleaning processes
 Detergents
LANXESS water treatment agents improve the cleaning power of water
and reduce water consumption in cooling circuits
 Improve performance in industrial processes such as cleaning bottles:
scale formation is effectively inhibited**
 Prevent the formation of non-soluble salt deposits in water circuits
 Avoid corrosion
Solutions for …
Water softening with effective
scale inhibitors* (1/2)
* Scale inhibitors are additives that prevent the precipitation of non-soluble calcium salts and their deposits on surfaces.
** Even under difficult conditions (e.g., high temperatures, very high pH values, high water hardness).
46
 Water treatments that optimize the effectiveness
of washing and cleaning agents
Areas of application
 Washing agents and detergents
 Surface cleaners in household and industrial uses
LANXESS water treatment agents for the environmentally friendly
optimization of washing and cleaning agents
 Improve cleaning power of washing agents by binding disruptive
metal ions that can destroy bleaching agents, for example
 Prevent lime deposits by binding calcium and magnesium ions that are
dissolved in the water*
 Good biodegradability: no known effect on wastewater and low
environmental impact
Solutions for …
Water softening with effective
scale inhibitors (2/2)
* E.g., Baypure® DS 100 prevents the formation of gray film on the item being washed by binding loose dirt particles and preventing them from being redeposited.
47
 Planning and simulation of water treatment systems that
make use of reverse osmosis and ion exchange resins
Areas of application
 Demineralization with ion exchange resins / mixed-bed ion exchange resins
 Inspection of existing demineralization filter systems
 Desalination of brackish water using reverse osmosis
The software offers a number of advantages
 Combines planning and simulation of plants that use LANXESS reverse osmosis
membranes and ion exchange resins
 Input screen for water analysis data, suitable for both ion exchange resins and
reverse osmosis applications
 Automatic calculation of a recommended reverse osmosis system configuration
 Provides instant calculations of key data* and offers a clear summary in the
reverse osmosis module
Solutions for …
Innovative LANXESS planning tool enables more
efficient handling of the resource of water
* System performance including pump pressure and water flow quality.
48
With its products and comprehensive expertise,
LANXESS contributes to effective and sustainable water
usage. Water Energized by LANXESS.
Modern water management needs to meet the rising
demand for clean water and promote the sustainable
use of water resources.
Chemical agents play a key part in this process by
enabling the treatment and recycling of water, thus
making the use of water more efficient.

LANXESS supports the efficient use
of water resources


This presentation contains certain forward-looking statements, including assumptions, opinions and views of the
company or cited from third party sources. Various known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors
could cause the actual results, financial position, development or performance of the company to differ materially
from the estimations expressed or implied herein. The company does not guarantee that the assumptions
underlying such forward looking statements are free from errors nor do they accept any responsibility for the future
accuracy of the opinions expressed in this presentation or the actual occurrence of the forecasted developments.
No representation or warranty (express or implied) is made as to, and no reliance should be placed on, any
information, including projections, estimates, targets and opinions, contained herein, and no liability whatsoever is
accepted as to any errors, omissions or misstatements contained herein, and, accordingly, none of the company
or any of its parent or subsidiary undertakings or any of such person’s officers, directors or employees accepts
any liability whatsoever arising directly or indirectly from the use of this document.
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Water treatment energized by LANXESS - Fact Book Megatrend Water

  • 1.
  • 2. 2 97%of the world’s available water is salt water... ...only 3% is fresh water.
  • 3. 3 is the amount of available water, which covers 70% of earth. But only 213,000 km³ of water is easily accessible, and 80% of our fresh water is frozen in the polar icecaps. 1,400,000,000 km³ is what it takes to produce a cup of coffee – what some experts refer to as “virtual water.” 140 liters of water is the pore size of the reverse osmosis membrane marketed under LANXESS’ Lewabrane® brand. Only water molecules pass through, making it ideal for obtaining drinking water from seawater and brackish water. 0.0000010 mm
  • 4. Agenda 1. LANXESS protects water 2. Water is becoming an increasingly valuable resource 3. Using water efficiently 4. LANXESS water treatment solutions 4
  • 5. 5 LANXESS – a global specialty chemicals player focused on technology and innovation Global success story  Roughly 17,500 employees in 31 countries  52 production sites worldwide  2012 sales of EUR 9.1 billion Specialty chemicals company  Spun off from Bayer in 2004  Listed in the DAX index* since 2012  Focused on plastics, synthetic rubber, specialty chemicals and intermediates Strategy of targeted innovation  Vital to LANXESS growth  Emphasis on process and product innovation * German stock market index.
  • 6. LANXESS is energizing chemistry  Premium specialty chemicals company  More than 5,000 products for a diverse range of applications  High-quality solutions enabling customers to successfully meet current and future challenges Premium quality Technical expertise InnovationSustainability  Commitment to sustainable development  Engineering solutions to meet the challenges of global megatrends  Developing environmentally friendly technologies, resource-efficient processes and next-generation products  State-of-the-art materials, services and solutions that meet the most exacting standards  Creating significant value for our customers, our company and the environment  Targeted innovation designed to meet customer needs  Pragmatic corporate culture drives product, process and outside-the-box innovation  Highly effective innovation network, combining global reach with local expertise LANXESS global mission 6
  • 7. Solutions for global megatrends Agriculture UrbanizationMobility Water 7
  • 8. LANXESS expertise – megatrend water 8 Sustainability  Products and technologies from LANXESS enable more sustainable and responsible use of water  Development of innovative solutions for water treatment* Global responsibility InnovationsPremium quality  Full-service provider of premium products for water treatment and purification  LANXESS products and processes are used worldwide to treat water and to enable companies and communities to handle this resource efficiently * Prevention of water contamination, removal of harmful substances from contaminated water, and purification of existing water resources.
  • 9. LANXESS sites for water treatment products 9 Sydney (AU) Leverkusen (GER) Krefeld-Uerdingen (GER) Bitterfeld (GER) Porto Feliz (BR) Singapore (SG) Jhagadia (IN) Pittsburgh (US)
  • 10. Agenda 1. LANXESS protects water 2. Water is becoming an increasingly valuable resource 3. Using water efficiently 4. LANXESS water treatment solutions 10
  • 11. Water – elixir of life 11 of the worldʼs available water is salt water... 97% of the worldʼs available water is fresh water... 3% Less than 1% of the world’s water is available for human use  Worldwide, some 35 million km³ of fresh water is available. However, only around 213,000 km³ is easily accessible  These 213,000 km³ can be found mainly in lakes, rivers and around 45,000 major reservoirs  The majority (80%) of available fresh water is frozen in the polar icecaps
  • 12. Three applications that account for global water consumption 12 Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 2012; data from 2006 * Rounding differences. Global 57% 22% 22% Europe* 10% 9% 80% Southeast Asia* While more than two-thirds of Europe’s water consumption is for industry and domestic purposes, in Southeast Asia around 80% of water consumption is for agriculture. Agriculture Industry Private households 12% 19% 69%
  • 13. Global population growth is increasing the demand for clean water 13 Sources: UNESCO World Water Development Report 2009 * 884 million people have no access to an acceptable water supply by today’s standards; 2.6 billion have no sanitation. Developing countries are particularly affected. 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2010 water supply: 4,200 billion m³ 2010 demand for water: 4,500 billion m³ 2030 demand for water: 6,900 billion m³ 2030 water supply: uncertain  The world’s growing population and increasing strains on the environment will further limit access to clean water  Water consumption will continue to rise: As the global population will grow by roughly 80 million people per year, water consumption will annually increase by an estimated 64 million m³  Local availability of water is already insufficient in many regions*  In 2010, the United Nations declared the right to clean water as a human right – making the efficient use of water ever more important Population in billions 6 6.9 7.6 8.3 9
  • 14. Water becomes increasingly scarce – global impacts to consider 14 Water use in everyday life Industrial water use Intensification of agriculture Contaminated wastewater Population growth
  • 15. Global impacts – intensification of agriculture 15 Sources: United Nations Population Division / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations World Water Development Report 2012 * Significant differences exist between BRIC countries with regard to water supply used for agriculture, e.g., Russia: 20%, India: 87%. ** E.g., due to climate change.  Agricultural water consumption is rising  By 2030, the demand for food will increase by 50%; by 2050, by 70%  Rising (meat) consumption requires more farmland  Because water is essential to agriculture, water usage must become more efficient 44% 75% 90% OECD BRIC* Developing countries Agricultural water demand in 2012 2050 2008 338 mil ha 304 mil ha 170 mil ha 1970 Increasing irrigation of cultivated land**
  • 16.  Water consumption in everyday life is influenced by two factors:  Direct water consumption  Indirect water consumption (“virtual water”)*  The total amount of water a person uses is their “water footprint”  The world’s growing population means that water must be handled carefully Global impacts – water consumption in everyday life 16 Source: www.wasserfussabdruck.org * See page 17. ** Consumption per capita per year. Average water footprint**  Global average: 1,240 m³  USA: 2,483 m³  Germany: 1,545 m³  China: 702 m³ Countries’ average water footprint
  • 17. In focus: “virtual water” – how much water is needed for what? 17 1 kg of beef 1 car  British scientist John Anthony Allan researched the hidden quantities of water consumption and coined the term “virtual water”  Water used for the manufacture, packaging and transport of products* is taken into account Source: http://virtualwater.eu/ * Water used in one country for exported goods is allocated to the importing country. 1 cup of coffee 140 l 400,000 l16,000 l
  • 18. Global impacts – industrial water usage 18  The growth of industry requires more clean water,* e.g.:  In power plants: for energy production  In mining: for recovering and purifying rare earths**  In the electronics industry: to create ultra-pure water for the manufacture of semiconductors  In the paper industry: as a lubricant and binding agent for paper fibers  In the food industry: as a component of food and beverages  In medicine: for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals  A special issue in developing countries  Many countries have not yet adopted technologies for advanced water purification and treatment processes  Regulations regarding water abstraction, water quality and wastewater treatment are often disregarded * Water is used for many purposes in industry, including the cooling systems of production plants and as a transport agent. ** Rare earths are metals used for the manufacture of polishes, special glass, plasma and LCD screens, energy-saving lamps and radar units.
  • 19. Global impacts – wastewater contamination 19 Source: UNESCO World Water Development Report 2009 * Assuming that 1 liter of wastewater can pollute 8 liters of fresh water.  Increasing wastewater contamination due to population growth and increasing industrialization:  Global wastewater production is around 1,500 km³ per year  Current wastewater contamination is estimated at 12,000 km³* per year  Improper disposal of wastewater  Around the world, around 80% of municipal wastewater flows back into watercourses untreated  In developing countries, 90% of wastewater is fed back into watercourses untreated
  • 20. The four challenges of water supply 20 Proper conservation of water in daily life Clean water and efficient treatment for industrial use Efficient water use for agriculture Proper treatment of wastewater Population growth
  • 21. Agenda 1. LANXESS protects water 2. Water is becoming an increasingly valuable resource 3. Using water efficiently 4. LANXESS water treatment solutions 21
  • 22. Clean water is extremely important for the sustainable development of our planet 22 Households, agriculture and industry all depend on an adequate supply of clean water. Different standards of water quality and purity are required depending on the application. Only through state-of-the-art treatment and the efficient use of water, this vital resource can be secured for future generations.
  • 23. What does water treatment mean? 23 Regular water cycle Water recycling 1 4 3 4 2 Water often needs to be purified or treated before use It is then available to households, agriculture and industry After use, the water may be contaminated and thus needs further treatment The water can then be reused or returned to open water- courses and groundwater Clean water may be discharged without treatment after use 1 3 4 2 5 5 Treatment to produce clean fresh water Use in industry, agriculture and private households Groundwater, surface water, wastewater
  • 24. Processes for treating water 24 Adsorption and absorption processes* Mechanical processes Chemical processes Biological processes Thermal processes Ion exchange resin adsorption Adsorption with oxides Activated-carbon adsorption Extraction Sieving Filtration Membrane processes (e.g., reverse osmosis) Precipitation Oxidation Water treatment with biocides Water softening Distillation Incineration Thermolysis Biochemical oxidation Biochemical reduction Sludge digestion * Adsorption refers to the enrichment of substances from gases or liquids at the surface of a solid body. Absorption describes the take-up or “dissolving” of atoms, molecules or ions in a phase.
  • 25. Example: ion exchange resin adsorption (1/3) What are ions? 25 An ion is an electrically charged atom  Atoms are the smallest components of a material – they consist of an atomic nucleus and an atomic shell  The atomic nucleus is made up of protons (positively charged particles) and neutrons (neutral particles)  Electrons (negatively charged particles) orbit the atomic nucleus on different paths*  In their neutral state, atoms have an equal number of electrons (negatively charged particles) and protons (positively charged particles)  An ion is produced if an atom has more or fewer electrons than in the neutral state**  Positively charged ions are called cations  Negatively charged ions are called anions Structure of an atom * The electrons in the inner orbit are usually firmly bound to the atomic nucleus; the electrons of the external orbits are less fixed given the distance from the nucleus. ** If there are too many electrons, the ion takes on electrons and is therefore negatively charged; if there are too few electrons, it emits electrons and is therefore positively charged. Cation Anion + - + - - Electrons Neutrons Atomic nucleus Protons
  • 26. Example: ion exchange resin adsorption (2/3) How it works 26 What are ion exchange resins?  Small, porous polystyrene beads that are insoluble in water and organic solvents, or acrylic resins with a functional group*  Diameter of 0.25 to 1.3 mm What can ion exchange resins do?  Remove certain ions from liquids  To do so, they emit ions with the same charge into the solution The small beads are constructed from a network of polymer threads with a large number of cavities. Functional groups are applied to the polymer chains. These chemical substances take on anions or cations and … How does ion exchange resin adsorption work? … can exchange these for other ions like tentacles. Polymer framework Functional group * The functional group is key to the chemical functioning of the ion exchange resins. It is also termed “anchor group.” It gives the exchange resin its characteristics as an ion exchange resin type. A functional group may be, for instance, a sulfonic-acid group, a carboxyl group or an amine.
  • 27. Example: ion exchange resin adsorption (3/3) Application examples 27 Areas of application for ion exchange resins in the industry  In power plants: treatment of raw water and condensate for steam generation  In the semiconductor, solar and pharmaceutical industry: production of ultra-pure water  Wastewater treatment in all industrial processes where metals are processed or refined Ion exchange resins enable the extraction of metals  Metals are extracted from ores at high temperatures under pressure with the help of acids  By using ion exchange resins, the metals can be recovered from these acidic solutions Ion exchange resins decarbonize* drinking water  Ion exchange resins can be used to treat drinking water by removing unwanted substances that impair taste and smell** * Decarbonization means the partial softening of the water. ** In some cases, these unwanted substances may also be harmful to health.
  • 28. In focus: water recycling in the power plant with ion exchange resins 28 For use in power plants, water is taken from watercourses and treated as feed water* using ion exchange resins The treated feed water is then fed into the condensate circuit of the power plant Within the circuit, the water is vaporized, used to generate electricity and recondensed  During the process sequence, the water may become contaminated with particles or soluble substances This means it needs to be retreated with ion exchange resins before the next vaporization cycle (recycling) Power plant Condensate circuit Ion exchange resins Feed water 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 4 * For example, demineralized water that is fed into a steam generator from feed water containers in power plants.
  • 29. Example: water treatment by adsorption with oxides 29 * Arsenic has a high affinity with iron oxide; in the first half of the 19th century, Robert Bunsen discovered that iron hydroxide precipitated from iron salts using lime relieves symptoms of arsenic poisoning. ** Adsorbents are solids that enable the accumulation of substances due to their suitable surface. What are oxides?  Oxides are chemical compounds that contain metals and oxygen: metal + oxygen = metal oxide Oxides for the treatment of drinking water and wastewater  Iron oxides are especially well suited to the removal of arsenic, phosphates and other substances from drinking water and wastewater due to their high adsorption capacity*  The grainy iron oxide granulate (adsorbent**) is used in a filter bed (solid carrier material in reactors)  On flowing through the filter bed, the unwanted substances react with the surface of the iron oxide particles and form a compound that is insoluble in water
  • 30. In focus: arsenic removal from drinking water 30 Global arsenic concentration Western USA Mexico Chile Argentina Hungary Romania Nepal Mongolia Taiwan Vietnam Thailand What is arsenic?  Arsenic is an odor and flavor- neutral metalloid Why is arsenic so dangerous?  Arsenic is one of the most dangerous contaminants of drinking water  In many regions of the world, the groundwater from which drinking water is taken is contaminated with arsenic  The WHO* sets down threshold values: arsenic concentration in drinking water may not exceed 10 micrograms per liter * World Health Organization
  • 31. What are membranes?  Membranes are selective barriers that allow certain substances to pass through while others are blocked  Four membrane technologies are differentiated depending on their pore size  Microfiltration (0.1-1 µm)  Ultrafiltration (0.01-0.1 µm)  Nanofiltration (0.001-0.01 µm)  Reverse (< 0.001 µm) osmosis Example: membrane technologies 31 Pure water Microfiltration membrane Ultrafiltration membrane Nanofiltration membrane Reverse osmosis membrane There are four membrane types
  • 32. How does reverse osmosis (RO) work?  Reverse osmosis is a technique whereby unwanted, dissolved substances are removed from fluids*  The fluid being purified is forced through a semipermeable (partially permeable) membrane at high pressure Areas of application of reverse osmosis  Industrial water treatment  Desalination of process, feed and wastewater  Municipal water treatment  Desalination of drinking water (e.g. sea water)  Wastewater treatment  Remediation and regeneration of groundwater* Example: water treatment by reverse osmosis 32 Structure of a reverse osmosis membrane element * As part of groundwater remediation, the water is usually pumped off through wells and purified in various systems.
  • 33. Why does water need to be desalinated?  Depending on the application, industry needs water with a very low salinity to avoid incrustation or corrosion  For use as drinking water, because water is only potable below a certain salinity*  Desalination is also important for regions with affected watercourses, for instance through agriculture In focus: desalination of water through reverse osmosis 33 * This is regulated, for example, via the German Drinking Water Ordinance (TVO); similar statutory provisions apply in other countries. ** The salinity of water determines its water category: Salinity is measured by the sum of salts dissolved in the water (total dissolved solids, in mg/l). The higher the salinity, the harder the desalination process using reverse osmosis. Water desalinated per day worldwide using reverse osmosis (in m³) 3,068,751 Total: 68,506,754 3,471,136 5,172,519 13,626,427 43,167,921 Categories after desalination Drinking water < 600 mg/l TDS Pure water < 500 mg/l TDS Ultra-pure water < 1 mg/l TDS Naturally occurring categories Sea water** 15,000–50,000 mg/l TDS Brackish water 1,500–15,000 mg/l TDS River water 500–3,000 mg/l TDS
  • 34. Example: water treatment with biocides 34 Why is it necessary to treat water with biocides?  Biocides are used to control the growth of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi or algae) in industrial water cycles Why is water treatment with biocides so important?  Large quantities of water are used in industrial processes, e.g., in cooling systems or paper production  At warm temperatures and with steady exposure to air, this water can provide optimal conditions for the growth of microorganisms  Biocides can prevent the growth and spread of these microorganisms and ensure that facilities continue to function properly  Biocides lower the risk of production downtime
  • 35. Example: water softening as an effective purification process 35 What is water softening?  Water softening prevents lime deposits in water  The formation of certain salts* is prevented Where does water softening play a part?  In industrial cleansing processes, such as the rinsing of bottles in beverage production  In water-dependent cleaning equipment in private households** Why is water softening important for cleansing processes?  The lime that is dissolved in water supplies reduces the performance of many cleaning agents (surfactants)  Surfactants perform optimally in softened water  Softening thus makes it possible to reduce the use of fresh water, cleaning agents and detergents * Calcium and magnesium ions dissolved in water can form calcium or magnesium salts that may result in lime deposits. ** E.g., laundry machines, dishwashers.
  • 36. Agenda 1. LANXESS protects water 2. Water is becoming an increasingly valuable resource 3. Using water efficiently 4. LANXESS water treatment solutions 36
  • 37. Tailor-made solutions for the efficient use of water – Energized by LANXESS 37 Products from LANXESS … ... make water available for use in private households and as clean drinking water ... make it possible to produce pure and ultra-pure water for industrial processes ... promote the efficient use of water in agriculture ... enable sustainable water management through innovative recycling methods LANXESS products, services and innovations enable us and our customers to create progressive and efficient solutions for the use of water resources.
  • 38. Focus on the development of innovative and sustainable solutions 38 Research and development Sustainability and responsibility Product efficiency  LANXESS supports the development of efficient agents to enable our water resources to meet the needs of the world’s growing population  LANXESS is committed to conserving the valuable resource of water – which plays a part in both its commercial activities and its social commitments  LANXESS offers technically sophisticated, extremely powerful products to produce high-quality water at an affordable cost
  • 39. LANXESS processes for water treatment 39 Sieving Filtration Mechanical processes Membrane processes, such as Reverse osmosis Precipitation Oxidation Chemical processes Water treatment with biocides Water softeningActivated-carbon adsorption Extraction Adsorption and absorption processes Ion exchange resin adsorption Adsorption with oxides
  • 40. 40  The removal of substances from water Areas of application  Groundwater  Process water LANXESS polymer beads for reliable and economical water purification  Diverse range of heterodisperse and monodisperse products**  Purification with low energy consumption due to low pressure loss of the resins  Longer service life and reliable adsorption of substances in the water due to inner and outer homogeneity of the beads***  Efficient regeneration (retreatment) of the resins reduces the use of chemicals Solutions for … Adsorption with innovative ion exchange resins * Ion exchange resins are also used in private households: in cartridge water filter systems e.g. in drinking-water filters, coffee machines and electric kettles. ** Heterodisperse ion exchange resins have polymer beads of different sizes; monodisperse ion exchange resins, conversely, have polymer beads of uniform size. *** The beads form a homogenous bed structure that is similar to a crystal lattice. This produces channels of an equal size that enable uniform water throughput.  Drinking water*  Wastewater  Food production
  • 41. 41  Arsenic removal* Areas of application  Drinking water  Wastewater LANXESS iron oxide granulate Bayoxide® E33 satisfies individual needs in the field of arsenic removal  A range of product grades serving different requirements and areas of deployment  Stable granulate that does not disintegrate in water  A particularly safe and cost-effective way to reduce arsenic concentrations in tap water** Solutions for … Adsorption with effective iron oxide granulate * Lewatit® FO 36, a hybrid adsorber by LANXESS made up of anion exchangers and iron oxide, also removes arsenic from water. ** Using Bayoxide® E33 HC, a product co-developed by LANXESS and Severn Trent (a UK-based water technology company).
  • 42. 42  Desalination of water Areas of application  Production of feed water for power plants  Desalination and particle removal for industrial processes  Drinking-water treatment* Membrane elements from LANXESS for efficient desalination  The membrane elements consist of spiral-wound, thin-film composite membranes specially developed for water treatment  Low salt passage**  Improved rejection of organic compounds  Good mechanical and chemical stability of membrane Solutions for … Reverse osmosis with high-performance membrane elements * Treatment of drinking water from brackish or sea water often requires a certification from NSF International or a corresponding permit certifying that the manufacturing processes for reverse osmosis elements have been approved for drinking-water applications. LANXESS received this certificate for Lewabrane® in June 2013. ** The rejection is usually > 99.7% under standard conditions.
  • 43. 43  Efficient water cycles Areas of application  Prevents the formation of surface scum  Restricts growth of bacteria, algae and fungi LANXESS biocides – innovative products and expert advice  High effectiveness enables stable plant performance  Continuous innovation thanks to state-of-the-art research labs in several locations  Large biocide portfolio and customized technical advice: make it possible to select the optimum product at the right dosage  Broad expertise to secure compliance with statutory provisions Solutions for … Water treatment in cooling cycles
  • 44. 44  Powerful paper mills Areas of application  Prevents spread of microorganisms in wet pulp  This is necessary because paper mills provide an optimal environment for bacteria and fungi due to warm temperatures and a steady supply of air  Additives used in paper production are also nutrients that foster the growth of microorganisms LANXESS biocides support reliable paper production  Keep the water clean during production process  Provide effective control of the microorganisms that lead to the formation of scum in papermaking machines  Offer protection against system compromise and downtime during production Solutions for … Water treatment in paper mills
  • 45. 45  Water treatments that optimize the effectiveness of cooling-water additives and detergents Areas of application in industry  Cooling-water systems and industrial cleaning processes  Detergents LANXESS water treatment agents improve the cleaning power of water and reduce water consumption in cooling circuits  Improve performance in industrial processes such as cleaning bottles: scale formation is effectively inhibited**  Prevent the formation of non-soluble salt deposits in water circuits  Avoid corrosion Solutions for … Water softening with effective scale inhibitors* (1/2) * Scale inhibitors are additives that prevent the precipitation of non-soluble calcium salts and their deposits on surfaces. ** Even under difficult conditions (e.g., high temperatures, very high pH values, high water hardness).
  • 46. 46  Water treatments that optimize the effectiveness of washing and cleaning agents Areas of application  Washing agents and detergents  Surface cleaners in household and industrial uses LANXESS water treatment agents for the environmentally friendly optimization of washing and cleaning agents  Improve cleaning power of washing agents by binding disruptive metal ions that can destroy bleaching agents, for example  Prevent lime deposits by binding calcium and magnesium ions that are dissolved in the water*  Good biodegradability: no known effect on wastewater and low environmental impact Solutions for … Water softening with effective scale inhibitors (2/2) * E.g., Baypure® DS 100 prevents the formation of gray film on the item being washed by binding loose dirt particles and preventing them from being redeposited.
  • 47. 47  Planning and simulation of water treatment systems that make use of reverse osmosis and ion exchange resins Areas of application  Demineralization with ion exchange resins / mixed-bed ion exchange resins  Inspection of existing demineralization filter systems  Desalination of brackish water using reverse osmosis The software offers a number of advantages  Combines planning and simulation of plants that use LANXESS reverse osmosis membranes and ion exchange resins  Input screen for water analysis data, suitable for both ion exchange resins and reverse osmosis applications  Automatic calculation of a recommended reverse osmosis system configuration  Provides instant calculations of key data* and offers a clear summary in the reverse osmosis module Solutions for … Innovative LANXESS planning tool enables more efficient handling of the resource of water * System performance including pump pressure and water flow quality.
  • 48. 48 With its products and comprehensive expertise, LANXESS contributes to effective and sustainable water usage. Water Energized by LANXESS. Modern water management needs to meet the rising demand for clean water and promote the sustainable use of water resources. Chemical agents play a key part in this process by enabling the treatment and recycling of water, thus making the use of water more efficient.  LANXESS supports the efficient use of water resources  
  • 49.
  • 50. This presentation contains certain forward-looking statements, including assumptions, opinions and views of the company or cited from third party sources. Various known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause the actual results, financial position, development or performance of the company to differ materially from the estimations expressed or implied herein. The company does not guarantee that the assumptions underlying such forward looking statements are free from errors nor do they accept any responsibility for the future accuracy of the opinions expressed in this presentation or the actual occurrence of the forecasted developments. No representation or warranty (express or implied) is made as to, and no reliance should be placed on, any information, including projections, estimates, targets and opinions, contained herein, and no liability whatsoever is accepted as to any errors, omissions or misstatements contained herein, and, accordingly, none of the company or any of its parent or subsidiary undertakings or any of such person’s officers, directors or employees accepts any liability whatsoever arising directly or indirectly from the use of this document. Safe harbour statement