This document provides an overview of immigrants and international students in the United States. It notes that the foreign-born population is over 40 million people, with the largest numbers coming from Mexico and Asia. Immigrants are more likely to live in multi-generational family households and have lower incomes than native-born citizens. There are an estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants, with over half living in the US for at least a decade. International students number over 500,000 with the majority from Asia studying business, engineering, and computer science. They face challenges with language barriers, culture shock, and financial pressures.

1. Immigrants & International Students

2. Immigrants: Basic Overview
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 The total ‘foreign-born’ population of the US is
over 40 million (13% of the total population)
 45.8% are naturalized citizens
 In 2012 over 1 million people obtained permanent
resident status
 Foreign born households are more likely to be
family households, to have children, and to be
multi-generational

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 84.6% speak a language other than English at
home.
 More than half only speak English at home, or speak
another language and speak English “very well”
 50.1% say they speak English “less than well.”
 18.4% of immigrant families live at or below the
poverty line
 66.9% of adults age 16+ are in the labor force.
 5.7% are unemployed
 33.1% are not in the labor force
Basic Overview

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 About 2/3 have a high school education or higher
 The labor force participation rate is higher for
foreign born than it is for natives.
 Of foreign born adults (age 16+), 68% participate
in the labor force, as opposed to 64% of native
born
 Median income of foreign born is lower,
regardless of household type
 The poverty rate is higher for foreign born
Basic Overview

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 Total number of undocumented workers in the U.S. is
estimated at 11.1 million
 The number of unauthorized immigrants living in the U.S.
also grew during the last decade
 8.4 million in 2000 to 11.1 million in 2011.
 Peaked at 12 million in 2007
 Fell to 11.1 million in 2009. It has remained at that level
through 2011, the last year for which an estimate is
available
 Undocumented workers represent about 3.5% of the total
population
Basic Overview: Undocumented
Workers

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17. Trends in Undocumented Immigration
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 Estimated that 58% of all undocumented workers
come from Mexico
 Estimated 1 million unauthorized children under the
age of 18
 4.5 million U.S.-born children with unauthorized
parents
 2/3 have lived in the U.S. for at least a decade
 Nearly half are parents of minors
 Undocumented workers make up 25% of farm workers
(not including temporary workers)

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Use of Public Libraries
 Range of use by country of origin - some more likely to use
the library than others
 Low use: European, Central American or Mexican,
Canadian or NorthAmerican, Caribbean, East
European, Middle Eastern
 Middle use: African, U.S. native-born, East Asian
 High use: South Asian, Southeast Asian, South
American
 Date of entry also varied, e.g. European immigrants have
generally resided in the US longer

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Information Needs
New Immigrants:
 Jobs
 Housing
 Literacy/ESL
 Citizenship
More established
 Needs blend with native-born

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Level of education is repeatedly found to
be the strongly correlated with library use
Direct linear relationship between
education and use:
Education & Library Use

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 For reference persons with less than a high school
education, 16.1% of households used the library in the
past month.
 For reference persons with a high school diploma or
GED, 24.2%.
 For reference persons with some college or an
associate’s degree, 33.9%.
 For reference persons with a bachelor’s degree,
41.2%.
 For reference persons with a graduate degree, 46.0%.
Education & Library Use
The Relationship between Education and Use

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Education & Library Use
Lowest education rates:
 60.0% of adults from Central America or Mexico
completed less than high school education.
 31.4% of adults from the Caribbean completed less
than high school education.
 20.2% or fewer adults from all other geographic
groups completed less than high school

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• Highest education rates: 80.2% of adults from
South Asia had completed at least some
college.
• 70.9% of adults from Africa had completed at
least some college.
• 50% of adults from all other groups except
Central America or Mexico, the Caribbean, and
South America had completed at least some
college.
Education & Library Use

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Education & Library Use
Variations
• At lowest education levels, immigrants from
South America, Southeast Asia, Central
America or Mexico are much more likely to
use public libraries than counterparts from
other countries at same education levels.

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International Students:
Basic Overview
• 565,321 international students in the U.S.
• International students represent only 4% of the higher
education population of 16 million
• 48% enrolled in grad programs and 44% in undergrad
• Represent a higher percentage of the population in science
and technology fields
• U.S. Dept of State ranks international education as 5th
largest service sector export; contributes $13 billion to
economy

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• Majority of international students come from Asia
(58%)
• Followed by Europe (13%), Latin America (12%),
Africa (6%), the Middle East (6%) and North
America (5%)
• Largest percentage come from India, followed by
China, Korea, Japan, and then Canada
• Most students are interested in enhancing their
career opportunities, as well as having new
experiences, getting a broader education
Overview

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Overview
 Majority of international students come from Asia
(58%)
 Followed by Europe (13%), Latin America (12%),Africa
(6%), the Middle East (6%) and North America (5%)
 Largest percentage come from India, followed by
China, Korea, Japan, and then Canada
 Most students are interested in enhancing their career
opportunities, as well as having new experiences,
getting a broader education

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Overview
 Three fields of study account for 44% of enrollment:
 Business/Management (18%)
 Engineering (17%)
 Math/Computer Science (9%)
 California hosts the most students, followed by:
 NewYork
 Texas
 Massachusetts
 Florida

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Challenges for International Students
• Language barriers
• Culture Shock
• Social Barriers
• Academic Difficulties
• Financial Pressures

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References
 American Fact Finder
 http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml
?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP02&prodType=table
 Census News Room
 https://www.census.gov/newsroom/pdf/cspan_fb_slides.pdf
 Pew Research Center
 http://www.pewhispanic.org/2013/01/29/a-nation-of-immigrants/
 International Students in the United States
 http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Publications-and-Reports/IIE-
Bookstore/International-Students-in-the-United-States
 Challenges for International Students
 http://plaza.ufl.edu/ffgao/mmc5015/final/academic.html
 International Student Handbook University of FL
 http://www.ufic.ufl.edu/ISS/handbook.html

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Overview

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33. Immigrants &
International
Students

34. Presentation Title | Department Name
Laura – talking head video
Immigrants: Basic Overview

40. Presentation Title | Department Name
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