The document provides an overview of the special senses - vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste and smell - covering their anatomy and physiology. It discusses the structures of the eye such as the retina, lens and accessory structures; the structures of the ear including the outer, middle and inner ear; and the sensory receptors for taste and smell. The summary focuses on the key sensory organs and their functions: The eye contains photoreceptors in the retina that detect light and allow for vision. The lens focuses light onto the retina. The ear contains structures for hearing and balance, including the cochlea that contains hair cells for hearing and semicircular canals that contain receptors for balance and equilibrium. Taste buds on the

1. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 8 Special Senses

14. Neurons of the Retina Slide 8.11 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 8.4

22. Emmetropia

24. Hyperopia

37. Organs of Hearing Slide 8.27b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 8.13

39. Mechanisms of Hearing Slide 8.29 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 8.14

43. Function of Maculae Slide 8.32 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 8.15

48. Olfactory Epithelium Slide 8.36 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 8.17

53. Anatomy of Taste Buds Slide 8.40 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 8.18