Breeding Cucurbits, CFSA SAC 2015
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Breeding Cucurbits for Organics in the Southeast Region. This handout/these slides were presented at the 30th Annual Carolina Farm Stewardship Association by the Author. Please do not reproduce without the express consent of the authors.
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Breeding Cucurbits, CFSA SAC 2015
- 1. Breeding Cucurbits for Organics in the Southeast Region This work made possible through an Organic Research and Extension Initiative grant. number: 2012-51300-20006
- 2. 7/27/15 8/7/15 Luping Qu and Jeanine Davis
- 3. Downy Mildew Tracking - Peter Ojiambo NCSU
- 4. Luping Qu and Jeanine Davis
- 5. Luping Qu and Jeanine Davis
- 6. Luping Qu and Jeanine Davis
- 7. Market Class Striped Cucumber Beetle Risk? Straightneck Summer Squash Crookneck Summer Squash OK! Striped cucumber beetles tend to leave these plants alone Scallop/Patty Pan Squash Acorn Squash Delicata Squash Jack-o’-lantern Pumpkin Be Careful! Cocozelle Striped cucumber beetles inflict moderate damage Zucchini Needs Help! Striped cucumber beetles LOVE these plants! Striped Cucumber Beetle Preference within Cucurbita pepo Lauren Brzozowski & Brian Leckie
- 8. Market Class Striped Cucumber Beetle Risk? Straightneck Summer Squash Crookneck Summer Squash OK! Striped cucumber beetles tend to leave these plants alone Scallop/Patty Pan Squash Acorn Squash Delicata Squash Jack-o’-lantern Pumpkin Be Careful! Cocozelle Striped cucumber beetles inflict moderate damage Zucchini Needs Help! Striped cucumber beetles LOVE these plants! Striped Cucumber Beetle Preference within Cucurbita pepo C. pepo ssp pepo C. pepo ssp texana Lauren Brzozowski & Brian Leckie
- 9. Extremes Success PM Summer Squash (C. pepo ssp. texana) Golden Zucchini (C. pepo ssp. pepo)
- 10. Extremes Success PM Summer Squash (C. pepo ssp. texana) Golden Zucchini (C. pepo ssp. pepo) Lauren Brzozowski & Brian Leckie
- 12. What are your main insect pests now? 1. Squash bug 2. Vine borer 3. Mexican bean beetle 4. Striped cucumber beetle 5. _______________?
- 13. Waynesville Field Day, August 2015
- 14. Cultivar Cultivar Cultivar DMR-NY264 32.1 ± 7.4 Alibi 19.7 ± 5.1 Alibi 14.8 ± 1.8 Alibi 21.3 ± 2.5 Martini 18.3 ± 5.0 Martini 12.6 ± 2.4 Boston Pickler 8.0 ± 1.5 Homemade Pickles 12.3 ± 1.2 Early DMR 12.2 ± 0.6 Marketmore 76 7.2 ± 2.5 Early DMR 12.1 ± 3.8 Homemade Pickles 11.8 ± 2.1 Marketmore 97ff 6.7 ± 3.5 MM97ff x MM 80 Bw 10.8 ± 1.6 MM97ff x MM 80 Bw 6.7 ± 1.7 Marketmore 80BW 6.7 ± 0.9 DMR-NY264 9.3 ± 2.4 Boston Pickler 5.2 ± 0.8 Straight 8 2.8 ± 0.8 Marketmore 76 8.6 ± 3.1 Marketmore 76 4.4 ± 1.0 Diva 1.8 ± 0.9 Boston Pickler 6.9 ± 1.1 DMR-NY264 4.4 ± 1.7 Fruit/Plant Fruit/Plant Fruit/Plant Waynesville, NC 2015 Freeville, NY 2015Waynesville, NC 2014 Cucumbers
- 15. 7/27/15 8/7/15 Luping Qu and Jeanine Davis
- 16. 7/27/15 8/7/15 Luping Qu and Jeanine Davis
- 17. Cultivar Cultivar Cultivar DMR-NY264 32.1 ± 7.4 Alibi 19.7 ± 5.1 Alibi 14.8 ± 1.8 Alibi 21.3 ± 2.5 Martini 18.3 ± 5.0 Martini 12.6 ± 2.4 Boston Pickler 8.0 ± 1.5 Homemade Pickles 12.3 ± 1.2 Early DMR 12.2 ± 0.6 Marketmore 76 7.2 ± 2.5 Early DMR 12.1 ± 3.8 Homemade Pickles 11.8 ± 2.1 Marketmore 97ff 6.7 ± 3.5 MM97ff x MM 80 Bw 10.8 ± 1.6 MM97ff x MM 80 Bw 6.7 ± 1.7 Marketmore 80BW 6.7 ± 0.9 DMR-NY264 9.3 ± 2.4 Boston Pickler 5.2 ± 0.8 Straight 8 2.8 ± 0.8 Marketmore 76 8.6 ± 3.1 Marketmore 76 4.4 ± 1.0 Diva 1.8 ± 0.9 Boston Pickler 6.9 ± 1.1 DMR-NY264 4.4 ± 1.7 Fruit/Plant Fruit/Plant Fruit/Plant Waynesville, NC 2015 Freeville, NY 2015Waynesville, NC 2014 Cucumbers
- 18. Downy Mildew Resistance in NY
- 19. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 14-Aug 24-Aug 3-Sep 13-Sep 23-Sep 3-Oct 13-Oct AveragePlantDiseasedLeafArea Disease Severity in Organic CDM Trial 15-401 15-402 15-403 15-404 DMR-NY264 Marketmore 97 Seminis SV4719CS Dasher II Straight Eight
- 20. 0 50 100 150 200 29-Aug 8-Sep 18-Sep 28-Sep 8-Oct Cumulativefruitsharvestedfromtrial Cumulative Fruit Counts in Organic CDM Trial 15-401 15-402 15-403 15-404 DMR NY264 Seminis SV4719CS Marketmore 97 Dasher 2 Straight 8
- 21. Cultivar Cultivar Cultivar Multipik 34.9 ± 3.8 Multipik 27.6 ± 9.3 Multipik 22.6 ± 1.8 Gentry 34.9 ± 0.6 Gentry 22.6 ± 8.9 Gentry 16.7 ± 2.6 Success PM 27.7 ± 2.8 Early Summer Crookneck 16.4 ± 4.8 Dunja 15.9 ± 1.7 Zucchini Elite 19.6 ± 2.1 Teot Bat Phut 13.4 ± 8.6 Zucchini Elite 14.6 ± 0.6 Dunja 13.9 ± 1.0 Zucchini Elite 13.1 ± 3.3 Early Summer Crookneck 13.6 ± 1.0 Romulus 12.9 ± 1.3 Dunja 11.0 ± 1.0 Tromboncino 13.0 ± 0.6 Black Beauty 12.2 ± 2.6 Golden Zucchini 8.8 ± 3.0 Golden Zucchini 11.7 ± 0.4 Golden Zucchini 10.5 ± 1.9 Tromboncino 7.8 ± 1.9 Teot Bat Phut 10.8 ± 2.5 Fruit/Plant Fruit/Plant Fruit/Plant Waynesville, NY 2014 Waynesville, NY 2015 Freeville, NY 2015 Zucchini & Summer Squash
- 22. New Entries for 2016?
- 23. Cultivar Cultivar Wrangler 7.6 ± 0.8 11.5 ± 2.4 Sarah's Choice 3.2 ± 0.9 11.5 ± 0.8 Athena 5.8 ± 0.3 11.5 ± 1.8 Trifecta 4.5 ± 0.7 11.3 ± 0.5 PMR Delicious 51 6.4 ± 1.0 10.3 ± 1.1 Lilliput 5.1 ± 0.9 11.0 ± 2.1 Hannah's Choice 7.2 ± 0.4 10.0 ± 0.8 Hannah's Choice 3.5 ± 0.8 10.7 ± 1.1 Superstar 5.4 ± 0.0 9.7 ± 1.7 Athena 2.3 ± 0.3 9.9 ± 1.3 Diplomat 5.9 ± 0.6 8.9 ± 1.5 Wrangler 4.4 ± 0.8 9.2 ± 1.5 Earlichamp 6.1 ± 0.3 8.2 ± 1.8 PMR Delicious 51 3.7 ± 1.3 7.4 ± 1.9 PI124112 6.6 ± 0.2 5.1 ± 0.8 Sivan 6.0 ± 1.5 7.2 ± 1.1 Waynesville, NC 2015Waynesville, NC 2014 Fruit/Plant Brix Fruit/Plant Brix Cultivar Trifecta 1.9 ± 0.6 10.3 ± 1.7 Lilliput 2.1 ± 0.5 9.9 ± 1.7 Sivan 1.8 ± 0.3 8.4 ± 2.4 Sarah's 0.8 ± 0.3 8.3 ± 2.4 Wrangler 1.9 ± 0.4 8.3 ± 1.8 PMR Del. 51 1.3 ± 0.0 8.2 ± 1.7 Hannah's 1.1 ± 0.3 7.5 ± 1.1 Athena 0.9 ± 0.4 7.0 ± 2.2 Brix Freeville, NY 2015 Fruit/Plant Melons
- 24. Pollination • Day before: – Close buds to be crossed • Full petal color in bud • Skip if in greenhouse with good insect control – If any perfect flowers, emasculate first • Morning of: – Transfer pollen – Use multiple male flowers for cucumber – Cover pollinated female flower with bag or gel cap – Pollen timing depends on season and weather
Notes de l'éditeur
- While SCB can feed on many Cucurbita, we are focusing on C. pepo (acorn, summer squash, zucchini, pumpkin, scallop) While SCB can be devastating, we do know that there is endogenous differences within the species Over the past two years, we have done extensive choice trials in the field, and in the controlled greenhouse and know that some market classes of C. pepo, are, in general, more preferred than the others Zucchini, as you can see, is highly preferred, but also something that growers want! Summer squash is non-preferred Even more importantly, there is a distinct biological distinction between these market classes; they are two separate subspecies that arose from two different domestication events!
- Even more importantly, there is a distinct biological distinction between these market classes; they are two separate subspecies that arose from two different domestication events! This is exciting because it provides a logical explanation of why beetles may prefer one over the other – being from different domestication events, we would expect different biochemistries, selection pressures, etc. So, we are confident that one subspecies has characteristics that make it more preferred, or conversely, one subspecies has characteristics that make it non-preferred, or both are happening simultaneously So, via traditional plant breeding, we can (probably) make a non-preferred zucchini. Would it work? So, focusing on zucchini, our question was a key question to answer is whether introgression of non-preference traits from summer squash into zucchini via traditional plant breeding can yield a non-preferred zucchini that can withstand beetle pressure on a commercial scale. Would this breeding strategy work?
- We planted monocultures of known preferred and known non-preferred Non-preferred, Success PM summer squash (ask question, if this is only choice, what would happen)? Preferred, Golden Zucchini (positive control of how beetles would inflict damage in a landscape without non-preference)
- We clearly see difference in preference when SCB is given a choice!