Papers anchors the need to use mobile technology in the 21st century to disseminate information in libraries. Paper is Co-authored by Shonhe and Jain 2017

1. Information Dissemination in
the 21st Century Libraries : The
Use of Mobile Technologies
Liah Shonhe
Master’s Student
&
Priti Jain
Associate Professor
Department of Library and Information Studies
University of Botswana
A Paper Presented at DLIS International Conference held on 15-17 March
2017 at the University of Botswana Conference Center

2. OUTLINE

3. Introduction

4. Internet of things

5. Mobile Technology
-Introduction
-Motivation & Objectives
-Literature Review
-Theoretical framework
-Methodology
-Findings
-Conclusion &
Recommendations

6. Motivation of the study
• Provision of library services using old methods
• Lack of technological equipment in the library
• Poor or lack of information retrieval systems - inhibiting timely
information access
• Lack of awareness on usage of mobile technology to deliver
information services
• Transformation…Mobile age …

7. Objectives
• To review the library services provided via the use of mobile
technology.
• To establish requirements for implementing mobile based library
services.
• To identify the advantages and drawbacks of mobile
technologies.
• To determine user readiness to access information through the
use of mobile technology.

8. Methodology
Research approach
Fact Finding Techniques
Sampling
Ethical Consideration
• Mixed Methods
• Qualitative & Quantitative
• Literature Review
• Online Questionnaire (SurveyMonkey)
• Convenient
• Snowballing
•Anonymity &Confidentiality
•No discrimination

9. Mobile
Library
Services SMS
notification
OPACS &
Databases
Reference
Services
Webcam
Casts
Mobile
websites
My
Library
Quick
Response
Codes
-Introduction
-Motivation & Objectives
-Literature Review
-Theoretical framework
-Methodology
-Findings
-Conclusion &
Recommendations
Kumar (2014), Verma & Verma (2014)

10. Requirements for
Mobile Library
Services
Security
Mechanisms
Automation
Digital
Library
Mobile
Devices
Trained
Staff
Access
to
Internet
Anas, Iqbal & Ahmad (2014), Yee (2012)

11. Advantages of Mobile Library Services
• Improved working process
• Preservation of original copies
• Improved user participation
• Increased collaboration
• Marketing effectiveness
• Competitive advantage
Sheng, Nah, & Siau (2005), Vollmer (2010)

12. Drawbacks of Mobile Library Services
• Technology expertise required
• Implementation and Maintenance costs
• Privacy and Security
Liu & Briggs (2015), Nalluri & Gaddam (2016)

13. Theoretical Framework
• Give advice
• First to adopt
• Self reliant
• Keeps informed
• People too dependent on tech
• Technology distracts
• Tech lowers relationship quality
• Distrust of virtual venues
• Distrusts tech support
• Tech support unhelpful
• Tech not designed for us
• Manuals are too technical
• Better quality life
• Freedom of mobility
• Control
• Personally productive
Optimism Discomfort
InnovativenessInsecurity
Source: Colby & Parasuraman (2014)

14. Participants Characteristics
-Introduction
-Motivation & Objectives
-Literature Review
-Theoretical framework
-Methodology
-Findings
-Conclusion &
Recommendations92%
3% 2% 2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Botswana Zimbabwe Ghana South Africa
Percantage
Nationality
Nationality of Respondents 5%
13%
49%
33%
Qualification of Respondents
Certificate
Diploma
Undergraduate
Degree
Postgraduate
Degree
26%
62%
12%
Status of Participants
Student
Employed
Unemployed

15. Optimism and Innovativeness

16. Level of Technological Expertise

17. Attitude Towards Mobile Technology

18. Types of Mobile Services

19. Frequency of Information Access Using
Mobile Technology

20. Discomfort and Insecurity

21. Causes of Resistance to Technology
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Yes No
Do you ever resist the use of
mobile technology?
Inhibitors Percentage Frequency
Distrust in sharing personal data 69% 9
Health risks 15% 2
Too difficult to use 15% 2
Lack of confidence in technology
gadgets
23% 3
Poor technological support 38% 5
Double checking machine generated
information for errors
8% 1

22. Conclusion
• 21st Century Libraries are providing digital content
through mobile technology.
• Current study participants are ready to adopt mobile
technology as indicated through their personality traits.
• They have positive attitude towards mobile technology

23. Recommendations
• 21st century library users have high expectations:
–Botswana public libraries should adopt the use of
mobile technology in disseminating information.
• There is need for other stakeholders to empower
Librarians e.g. training and resources
Further research: is required to conduct an in-depth study
on information providers’ readiness to adopt mobile
technologies in Botswana.

24. References
Anas, M., Iqbal, J., & Ahmad, P. (2014). Impact of automation on library services in selected management institutes at Aligarh: A survey. The Electronic
Library, 32(3), 296 - 307.
Colby, C. L., & Parasuraman, A. (2014). A services landscape transformed by technology: Findings from the 2014 national technology readiness survey.
Rockbridge Associates, Inc. Retrieved January 22, 2017, from http://www.slideshare.net/ccolby/ntrs-2014-frontiers-presentation?from_action=save
Kumar, A. (2014). Students opinion about the success of mobile technology in libraries: A case study of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi.
New Library World, 155(9/10), 471 - 481.
Liu, Y. Q., & Briggs, S. (2015). A Library in the palm of your hand: Mobile services in top 100 University libraries. Information Technology and Libraries,
133-148. doi: doi:10.6017/ital.v34i2.5650
McGrath, F. (2016). 87% of internet users now have a smartphone. Retrieved January 23, 2017, from GlobalWebIndex:
https://www.globalwebindex.net/blog/87-of-internet-users-now-have-a-smartphone
Nalluri, S. R., & Gaddam, B. (2016). Mobile library services and technologies: A study. International Journal of Research in Library Science, 2(2), 59-66.
Saxena, A., & Yadav, R. (2013). Impact of mobile technology on libraries: A descriptive study. International Journal of Digital Library Services, 3(4), 1-
58.
Sheng, H., Nah, F. F., & Siau, K. (2005). Strategic implications of mobile technology: A case study using Value-Focused Thinking. Journal of
Strategic Information Systems, 14, 269–290.
Verma, N. K., & Verma, M. K. (2014). Application of mobile technology in the Libraries. In M. Singh, P. K. Singh, & A. Kumar (Ed.), Libraries: Towards
digital paradigm (pp. 32-38). Uttar Pradesh: Bharati Publishers & Distributers.
Vollmer, T. (2010). Libraries and mobile technology: An introduction to public policy considerations. ALA Office for Information Technology Policy, 3.
Yee, A. (2012). Mobile technology: academic libraries in Australia and beyond. In B. Rutherford (Ed.), VALA2012 Proceedings, (pp. 1-18). Melbourne.