This presentation is about is natural vegetation and wild life and it is very use full for class 9 students for PPT on geography........

3. 1.LAND:-
Land ,sometimes referred to dry land is the solid form of the earth
that is not permanently covered by water . The vast majority of
human activity occurs in land areas that support agriculture ,habitat
and various Natural Resource.
Land affects the Vegetation Directly and Indirectly . The nature of
the land influences the type of vegetation . The fertile level is
Generally devoted to agriculture . The undulating and rough
terrains are areas where grassland and woodlands develop and give
Shelter to a variety of Wildlife.

4. 2.SOIL:-
The soils also vary over space . Different types of soils provide
basis for different types of vegetation . The sandy soils of the
desert support cactus and thorny bushes while wet, marshy deltaic
Support mangroves and deltaic vegetation . The hill slopes with
some depth of soil have conical trees.
There are three types of soil:-
1.Clay
2. Silt
3.Sand

5. 1.TEMPERATURE:-
The character and extent of vegetation are mainly determined by
Temperature along with humidity in the air, precipitation and soil.
On the slops of the Himalayas and the hills of the Peninsula above
The height of 9.15 meters , the fall in the temperature affects the
Type of vegetation and it’s growth , and changes it from tropical to
Subtropical temperate and alpine vegetation.

6. 2.PHOTOPERIOD(SUNLIGHT):-
Photoperiod, also called light duration and day length refers to the
length of the light period as contrasted to darkness within a day.
Day length controls or influences several plant growth and
development processes that determine or affect crop yield.
The duration of the light period varies according to such factors as
geographic location, distance from the equator, and time of the year
The variations in duration of sunlight at different places is due to
Differences in latitude , altitude , season and duration of the day.
Due to longer duration of sunlight , tress grow faster in summer.

7. 3.PRECIPITATION:-
Rainfall is the important element of Indian economy. Although the
monsoons effect most part of India, the amount of rainfall varies
from heavy to scanty on different parts. There is great regional and
temporal variation in the distribution of rainfall. Over 80% of the
annual rainfall is received in the four rainy months of June to
September. The average annual rainfall is about 125 cm, but it has
great spatial variations . In India almost the entire rainfall is
brought in by the advancing southwest monsoon (June to
September ) and retreating northeast monsoons. Areas of heavy
rainfall have more dense vegetation as compared to other areas of
less rainfall.

8. Plant occur in distinct groups of communities in areas having similar
climatic conditions . The nature of the plants in an area , to a large
extent , determines the animal life in the area . When the vegetation
is altered , the animal life also changes. All plants and animals in an
area are independent and interrelated to each other in their physical
environment , thus , forming an ecosystem . Human beings are also
an integral part of the ecosystem.
They utilise the vegetation and wild life .The greed of human beings
leads to over utilisation of these resources . They cut the trees and
kill the animals creating ecological imbalance . As a result some of
the plants and animals have reached the verge of extinction . A large
ecosystem on land having distinct typed f vegetation and animal life
Is called a BIOME .

10. The following major types of vegetation may be indentified in our
Country:-
(i) Tropical Evergreen Forests
(ii) Tropical Deciduous Forests
(iii) Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs
(iv) Montane Forests
(v) Mangrove Forests

11. These forests are restricted to heavy rainfall . They are at their best
In areas having more than 200cm of rainfall with a short dry season.
The trees reach great heights up to 60m or even above. Since the
Region is warm and wet throughout the year , it has a luxuriant
Vegetation of all kinds – trees , shrubs , and creepers giving at a
Multilayered structure . There is no definite time for trees to shed
Their leaves . As such , forests appear green all the year round.
Commercial plants found in these forests are , mahogany , rosewood
Rubber and cinchona. The common animals found in these forests
Are elephants , monkey , lemur and deer , one-horned rhinosaurs.

12. These are the most widespread forest in India . They are also called
the monsoon forests and spread over the region receiving rainfall
between 200cm and 70cm . On the basis of the availability of water ,
these forests are further divided into moist and dry deciduous . The
former is found in areas receiving rainfall between 200cm and 100cm
these forest exist , therefore , mostly in the eastern part of the
country – north-eastern states , along the foothills of the Himalayas
Jharkhand, West Orissa and Chandigarh and on the eastern slopes.
Teak is the most dominant species of the forests . The dry deciduous
forests are found in areas having rainfall between 100cm and 70cm.
Commonly animals found in these forests are loin , tiger , pig , deer
and elephant . A huge variety of birds lizards , snakes and tortoises
are also found in here

13. In regions with less than 70cmof rainfall , the natural vegetation
consists of thorny trees and bushes . The type of vegetation is found
in the north-western part of the country including semi-arid area of
gujarat , Rajasthan , Madhya Pradesh , Chhattisgarh , Uttar Pradesh
and Haryana . Acacias , palms , euphorbia and cacti are the main
plants species.
Leaves are mostly thick and small to minimize evaporation . These
forests give way to thorn forests and scrubs in arid areas.
The common animals are rats , mice , rabbits , fox , wolf , tiger , lion ,
wild ass , horses and camels.

14. In mountains areas , the decrease in temperature with increase
altitude leads to the corresponding change in natural vegetation.
The wet temperature type of forests are found between 1000 and
2000 meters . Evergreen broad-leafs such as oaks and chestnuts
predominate . Between 1500 and 3000 meters , temperate forest
containing coniferous trees like pine , deodar , silver fir , spruce and
cedar are found . Silver fir , Junipers , pines and birches are the
common trees of the forests . However , the get progressively stunt
as they approach the snow line . Ultimately through shrubs and
scrubs , they merge into the alpine grassland . These are use
extensively for grazing like nomadic tribes like the Gujjars and the
and the Bakarwalas . At higher altitude , mosses and lichens from
of tundra vegetation .the common animals found are Kashmir stag ,
spotted deer, wild sheep , jack rabbits , Tibetan antelope , yak etc…...

15. The mangrove tidal forests are found in the areas of coasts influence
By tides . Mud and silt get accumulated on such coasts . Dense
Mangroves are the common varieties with roots with roots of the
Plants submerged . The deltas of the Ganga , th Mahanadi , the
Krishna , the Godavri by such vegetation . In the Ganga-Brahamputra
Delta , Sundari trees are found , which provide durable hard timber .
Palm , coconut , keora , agar , also grow in some parts of the delta .
Royal Bengal tiger is the famous animal in these forests . Turtles ,
Crocodiles , Gharials , and the snake are also found in these forests.

16. JAMUN

17. India is know for its herbs and species from ancient times . Some 2000
Plants have been described in Ayurveda and at least 500 are in Regula
use . The World conservation Union Red list has named 352 medicinal
Plants which are 352 are critically threatened and 49 endangered . The
Commonly used plants in India are:-
SARPAGANDHA:-Used to treat blood pressure ; it is found only in India
JAMUN:-The juice from ripe fruit is used to prepare vinegar is
Carminative and diuretic , and has digestive properties . The powder
Of the seeds is used for controlling diabetes .
ARJUN:-The fresh juice of leaves is a cure for earache . It is also used to
Regulate blood pressure.
BABOOL:-leaves are used as a cure for eyes sores . Its gum is used as a
Tonic.
NEEM:-Has high antibiotic and antibacterial property.
TULSI PLANT:-Is used to cure cough and cold.
KANCHAR:-Is used to cure asthma and ulcers .

18. Like its flora , India is also rich in its fauna . It has more than 89,000 of
Animal species . The country has more than 1200 species of birds .
They constitute 13% of the world’s total . There are 2500 species of
fish , which account for nearly 12% of the world’s stock . It also shares
between 5 to 8 percent of the world’s amphibian , reptiles and
Mammals . The elephant are the most majestic animals among the
Mammals . They are found in the hot wet forests of Assam , Karnataka
and Kerala . One–horned Rhinoceroses are the other animals , which
Live in swampy and marshy lands of Assam and West Bengal . Arid
Areas of the Rann of Kutchh and the Thar Desesrt are the habitat for
wild ass and camels respectively . Indian bison , RILGAI(blue bull) ,
CHOUSINGHA(four horned antelope) , gazel and different species of
Deer are some other animals found in India . It also has several species
of monkeys.

20. Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time,
generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life.
The corresponding term for animal life is fauna. Flora, fauna and
other forms of life such as fungi are collectively referred to as biota.
Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora, as in the
terms gut flora or skin flora.

21. fauna is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. The
corresponding term for plants is flora. Flora, fauna and other forms of
life such as fungiare collectively referred to as biota. Zoologists and
Paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals
found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "Sonoran Desert fauna" or the
“burgress Shale fauna". Paleontologists sometimes refer to a sequence
of faunal stages, which is a series of rocks all containing similar fossils.

22. (i) Fourteen biosphere reserves have been set up in the country to
Protect flora and fauna . Four out of these , The Sundarban in the
West Bengal, Nanda Devi in Uttarkhand , the gulf of Mannar in
TamilNadu and the Nilgiris (Kerala , Karnataka and Tamil Nadu) have
Been included in the world network of Boisphere reserves .
(ii) Financial and technical assistance is provided to many Gardens by
The governmnet since 1992.
(iii) Project Tiger , Project Rhino , Project Great India Bustard and
Many other eco-development projects have been introduced.
(iv)89 National parks , 490 Wildlife sanctuaries and Zoological
Gardens are set up to take care of natural heritage

23. Made by:- Likhit Giri
Roll no.33
Class:- LX-B
Submitted to:-Esha Mam