1. “Green energy” vs Future energy
International practice in energy efficiency and power saving
I.M. Lobovsky, “Global Energy” International Prize Foundation

2. 1. Земля как объект антропогенной энергетики
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Igor Lobovskiy. Short introduction.
Education
PhD in Sociology
Duke University, North Carolina, USA, Senior Management Program
Polytechnic University, Coventry, UK, International Management Practice
State Academy of Foreigh Trade, Russia, International cooperation specialist
Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Engineer in electric communications
Experience
Chief Operating Officer, Nonprofit organization, “Global Energy Fund”, GR, PR and energy fields
Executive Director, IMA Consulting, Moscow, PR and GR field
Director General, Executive Director, Vice- Director General, Commercial Director, Board Member, Comstar, Moscow,
telecommunication field
Head of the International Department , Assistant to the Director General, Head of the Production Unit, Head of the Bureau,
Senior Engineer, Engineer, Moscow City Telephone Network (MGTS), Moscow

3. US National Engineering Academy and US National Science Foundation
made the list of the main engineering problems of the XXI century:
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1. Increase the efficiency of solar cell panels
2. Go to the uranium into hydrogen
3. Decide what to do with CO2
4. Reduce emissions of nitrogen
5. Provide access to clean water
6. Rebuild the infrastructure of large cities
7. Go to e-medicine
8. Create personalized medicine
9. Construct an artificial analog of the brain
10. Develop protection against nuclear terrorism
11. Securing the Internet
12. Decide what to do with virtual reality
13. Go to personal education
14. Re-equip science

4. Earth’s population
Population of Earth is
about 7 billion inhabitants
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Growth of world population
Billions of inhabitants
Billions of inhabitants
Developing countries
Developed countries

5. Power consumption
Power consumption
constantly grows and now
exceeds
13 billion tonnes of oil
eq./year
or on average
≈ 2 tonnes of oil
eq./person/year
or
≈ 3 kW/person
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First wave in development of world power industry
Power consumption
Fuel wood and wastes
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydropower
Nuclear power
Renewable energy

6. Comparative scale of anthropogenic energy
production
The average muscular capacity of a person is 100…150 W/person
Taking into account various energy sources of power available to an individual has
increased
30 times (3 kW/person),
and in developed countries – hundreds of times
Solar energy on the Earth’s surface
(excluding atmosphere is 1.4 kW/m2) – 173,000 TW (173,1012
kW)
or on average 25 mW/person
Energy demands by the Earth’s population amounts to ≈ 1/10,000 of the solar
energy reaching Earth.
Furthermore, energy demands have reached
nearly 50% of the energy created by photosynthesis (≈ 40 TW),
providing for life on Earth which is beginning to be negatively reflected in the
environment
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Growth of world population
Billions of inhabitants Billions of inhabitants
Developed countries
Developing countries
First wave in development of world power industry
Fuel wood and wastes
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydropower
Nuclear power
Renewable energy

7. Structure of global energy consumption
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Change in structure of global
energy consumption
World energy balance
Biomass
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydropower
Nuclear power
New renewable energy
sources
Nuclear power plants
Gas
Oil
Renewable energy sources, 8%
RES
Coal
Hydropower, 15%
Biomass,
77%
Wood,
87%
Municipal and
Industrial waste
Agricultural
waste

8. GDP power intensity
Power consumption for gross domestic
product of different countries, toe/$1,000
(source: KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS, IEA,
2009)
It should be borne in mind that such indicators
reflect the country’s energy efficiency only
indirectly. To ascertain the potential
improvement to energy efficiency detailed
analysis of the economic structure, foreign
trade balance, climatic and geographical
features, comparative study of power process
efficiency and balances in separate economic
sectors and regions.
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GDPpowerintensity,toe/$1,000

9. Earth power resources
Apart from fossil fuels, humanity has
large resources for nuclear power
(fission and fusion) and renewable
energy sources (RES) at its disposal.
A revival in nuclear power is expected
(with certain constraints) while practical
use of renewable sources of energy is
gaining momentum.
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MODERN POWER CONSUMPTION AND POWER RESOURCES
World power consumption
Oil
Gas
Uranium
Coal
Wind
Hydropower
Photosynthesis
Annual influx of solar energy

10. “Green energy”: 180M Google’s links
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Lighthouse Stadium is a Glowing Green-Roofed Beacon
Nokia Concept Phone Charges in Your Pocket
Google Invests in Shweeb's Peddle-Powered
Bike Monorail | Inhabitat - Green Design Will
Save the World

11. 1. Земля как объект антропогенной энергетики
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Renewable energy sources: rhetoric and reality
The change to green power is often
seen as the main way of improving
the planet’s environment.
Governments of developed countries
have adopted regulatory programs to
develop green power production and
are spending billion dollar budgets to
implement these policies.
Special tariffs and “green certificate”
programs are being introduced to
attract investment in the industry
which enable suppliers and
consumers of such energy to enjoy
incentives and additional profits.
Green architecture is a way to
improve efficiency in power
consumption.

12. 1. Земля как объект антропогенной энергетики
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Renewable energy sources: rhetoric and reality
By the beginning of 2008, 43
countries had plans to change to
renewable sources of energy.
Countries eager to cast off their
dependence on fossil fuels (oil,
gas and coal) plan to produce 5-
30% of their electricity using
hydro, solar, wind and biomass
technologies by 2011.
Austria is the most ambitious in
this respect (by 2010, it plans to
produce 78% of its power using
renewable energy), followed by
Sweden (60%) and Latvia (49,3%).

13. 1. Земля как объект антропогенной энергетики
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Desertec project
«Within 6 hours deserts receive
more energy from the sun than
humankind consumers within a
year».
Dr. Gerhard Knies
Under the DESERTEC proposal,
concentrating solar power systems,
PV systems and wind parks would
be located on 6,500 square miles
(17,000 km2) in the Sahara Desert.

14. 1. Земля как объект антропогенной энергетики
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Aquamarine Power and Queen's
University Belfast teamed up to
develop the Oyster hydro-electric
wave energy converter.
The first 315kW Oyster 1 was grid-
connected at the European Marine
Energy Centre (EMEC) in Orkney,
Scotland in 2009.
The next-generation 2.5MW Oyster
2 is scheduled for installation at
EMEC in 2011.
Aquamarine's wave energy device

15. 1. Земля как объект антропогенной энергетики
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The aim of the renewal project is to
reduce fossil-fuel based energy
consumption to zero, and thereby
eliminate all carbon-dioxide
emissions.
Two strategies have been adopted:
minimize energy demand and make
use of local energy resources. The
most advanced techniques and
technologies will be called into use
to fulfil the most demanding
aesthetic, functional and comfort
requirements while relying purely
on solar and geothermal energy to
meet all its needs.
Zero Emission Center (Hungary)

16. Renewable energy – innovation in the energy
sector
Advantages of Renewable Energy
- wide range of sources for
renewable energy,
- sources of renewable energy
exceed regional demands by many
times,
- more or less uniform distribution
across the globe and all-pervasive
presence of various types of
renewable energy,
- renewable nature of the resources,
- environmental cleanness: no
emissions, no thermal pollution of
planet
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ВИЭ солнечного происхождения
Solarpower
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (RES)
RES of solar origin
Windpower
Biomasspower
Minorriverpower
Seawavepower
Geothermalenergy
Tidalpower
Low-gradeheat
Others

17. Renewable energy – innovation in the energy
sector
Disadvantage of Renewable
Energy:
-A higher price per unit of energy
(2- 3);
- Limited range of equipment
manufacturers;
- Voltage fluctuations due to
uneven solar, wind, water
activity;
- A huge role of the state as an
enabling authority;
- Protectionism: RES evolve from
a taxes of hydrocarbons.
- For Russia: wear state grid is
min. 65%.
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ВИЭ солнечного происхождения
Solarpower
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (RES)
RES of solar origin
Windpower
Biomasspower
Minorriverpower
Seawavepower
Geothermalenergy
Tidalpower
Low-gradeheat
Others

18. Sources of renewable energy – innovation in the
energy sector
Status and trends in renewable energy around the
globe
Investment in renewable energy in 2008 came to
$120B.
In 2009: China – $34.6B, USA – $18.6B,
Germany - $12B
The established capacity of electricity generators
using renewable sources of energy (excluding large
scale hydro-electric stations) by the end of 2008 was
more than 280 GW (> 5% of the total capacity of all
electricity generators around the world, > 3.5% of the
global electricity production and > 25% of the
electricity generated by all of the nuclear power
stations around the world. In April 2009 generation
from renewable energy exceeded that of nuclear
power stations for the first time.
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PV converters
Geothermal
PP
Biomass
Small Hydro
PP
Wind
GW

19. Smart Grid: ENEL’s vision
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20. Smart Grid: ENEL’s vision
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21. Smart Grid: RWE’s vision
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22. Smart Grid: RWE’s vision
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23. Smart Grid: Siemens’s vision
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24. Research on renewable energy sources is rewarded
with the Global Energy International Prize in Russia
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Global Energy International Prize has been
awarded to 22 winners from 9 countries since
2003.
14 people (64%) have received it for their research
in renewable energy sources.

25. “Green” Research on renewable energy is rewarded
with the Global Energy International Prize
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2006. ITER Project.
E.Velikhov (Russia), M.Yoshikawa (Japan),
R.Aimar (France).
2007. Hydrogen Energy.
T.Sigfusson (Iceland).
2008. Computational heat mass exchange
B.Spalding (UK)
2009. Artificial Oil.
E.Volkov (Russia), C.Bowman (Canada)
2010. Pipeline Transport of Energy Sources.
B.Paton (Ukraine)