2. What is your thought
about labelling
countries with first,
second, or third
world?
3. At the end of Cold War, Europe and Asia are linked to the
United States through Germany and Japan regarding
technology and foreign investment, domestic and
international security, cultural diplomacy and popular
culture.
Source: Peter L. Katzenstein, Cornell University Press,
Studies in Political Economy.
4. Regions are interacting closely with an American
imperium that combines with territorial and non-
territorial powers.
Globalization and internationalization create open or
porous regions.
Regions may provide solution to the contradictions
between states and markets, security, nationalism,
and cosmopolitanism.
Embedded in the American imperium, regions are
now central to world politics.
5. The North–South divide is broadly
considered a socio–economic and political
division.
GLOBAL NORTH GLOBAL SOUTH
United States, Canada,
Western, Europe,
Australia and New
Zealand
Africa, Latin America,
Developing Asia
including Middle East
G8 and four of five
permanent members of
the UN Security
Council
6. GLOBAL NORTH GLOBAL SOUTH
West and the First World, and
much of the Second World
Third World countries
Richer, more developed
region
Poorer, less developed region
95% has enough food and
shelter
Lacks appropriate
technology, it has no political
stability, the economies are
disarticulated, and the
foreign exchange earnings
depend on primary product
exports
7. GLOBAL NORTH GLOBAL SOUTH
One quarter of the world
population, controls four-
fifths of the income earned
anywhere in the world.
Three quarters of the world
population, has access to
one-fifth of the world
income.
90% of the manufacturing
industries are owned and
located in the North
As nations become
economically developed,
they may become part of the
“North”, regardless of the
geographical location.
Any nations that do not
qualify as “developed”
status are in effect to be
part of the “South.”
8. Third World – Africa, Latin America, developing countries in Asia
“Developing countries”
“Less developed countries”
Less developed regions
Poorer “southern” regions of wealthy “northern” countries
A “metaphor for underdeveloped countries”
Countries’ “interconnected histories of colonialism, neo-imperialism,
and differential economic and social change through which large
inequalities in living standards, life expectancy, and access to
resources are maintained.”
9. Source: Martin W. Lewis, Nov. 15, 2010
“There is no Third World; there is no Global South.”
The “Three Worlds theory”
1960s, 1970s and 1980s; the Earth in divided in three
parts. The “First World”, the “Second World”, and the
“Third World.”
10. FIRST WORLD
• All industrialized, democratic
countries, which were assumed
to be allied with the United
States with its struggle against
the Soviet Union.
• However, Finland and
Switzerland, among others,
maintained strict neutrality.
11. SECOND WORLD
• Industrialized, communist
realm of the Soviet Union
and its eastern European
satellites, yet it is often
included poor communist
states located elsewhere.
12. THIRD WORLD
• Non-aligned world and as the
global realm of poverty and under-
developed.
• Poor soviet allies (Mongolia, Cuba,
North Korea, and North Vietnam –
after 1975, Vietnam) were Third
World in economic terms and
Second World in political terms.
13. “Third World” was coined in 1952
by Alfred Sauvy, a French
demographer, Anthropologist,
and economic historian who
compared it with the Third
Estate, a concept that emerged
in the context of French
Revolution.
14. According to Alfred Sauvy
(1952)
Contemporary Meaning
First World:
First Estate that refers to
clergy and the monarch
First World:
Non-Communist, high
income, “developed”
countries
Second World:
Second Estate that refers to
nobility
Second World:
Communist countries,
characterized by greater
order, higher incomes , and
longer life expectancy
Third World:
Third Estate that refers to
the balance of the 18th
century French population
Third World:
Poor countries
15. Growth rate in some Latin American
countries have surprised many.
Latin American’s contributions are
especially visible and relevant such
as regionalism. Security
management, and Latin America’s
relations with the outside world.
16. A product of economic interaction and not
a political planning.
In recent years, new technological trends
have further strengthened ties among
them, as have rise of the Peoples’ Republic
of China (PRC) and India and the region’s
growing weight in the global economy.
17. Asian economies are becoming intertwined.
Interdependence is deepening because Asia’s
economies have grown large and prosperous
enough to become important to each other, and
because their pattern of production
increasingly depend on networks that span
several Asian economies and involve wide
ranging exchanges of parts and components
among them.
18. Regionalism
The process of dividing an area
into smaller segments called regions.
Example is the division of nation into
states or provinces.
19. Globalization
The process of international
integration arising from the
interchange of world views, products,
ideas, and other aspects, such as
technology and etc.
20. GLOBALIZATION REGIONALIZATION
AS TO
NATURE
Promotes the
integration of
economies across
state borders all
around the world
Dividing an
area into
smaller
segments
AS TO
MARKET
Allows many
companies to
trade on
international level
so it allows free
market
Monopolies are
likely to
develop
21. GLOBALIZATION REGIONALIZATION
AS TO
CULTURAL AND
SOCIETAL
RELATIONS
Accelerate to
multiculturalism by free and
inexpensive movement of
people
Does not support the
globalization step
AS TO AID Globalized international
community is also more
willing to come to the aid of
the country stricken by a
natural disaster
Does not get involved
with the affairs of the
other areas
AS TO
TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCES
Has driven great advances
in technology
Rarely available in one
country or region
22. Regional Integration
A process in which neighboring
states enter into an agreement to
upgrade cooperation through common
institutions and rules.
The objectives of the agreement
could range from economic to political
to environmental.
23. Regional integration has been
organized either via supranational
institutional structures or through,
intergovernmental decision-making,
or a combination of both.
24. Past efforts at regional integration have
often focused on removing barriers to free
trade in the region, increasing the free
movement of people, labor, goods, and
capital across national borders, reducing
the possibility of regional armed conflict,
and adopting cohesive regional stances on
policy issues, such as the environment,
climate change and migration.
25. Intra-Regional Trade
Refers to trade which
focuses on economic
exchange primarily between
countries of the same region
or economic zone.
26. In recent years, countries within
economic – trade regimes such as
ASEAN in Southeast Asia, have
increased the level of trade and
commodity exchange between
themselves which reduces the
inflation and tariff barriers
associated with foreign markets
resulting in growing prosperity.
27.
28. QUIZ:
1-3. Countries in Global North
4-6. Member countries of ASEAN
7-9. Second World countries
10 (2pts). Who coined the “Third World”? Provide
the complete name
11-12. Countries in Latin America
13-14. Third World countries
15. Meaning of ASEAN
16 (2pts). It refers to economic exchange
primarily between counties of the same region.
17 (2pts). A process to which neighboring states
enter into agreement to upgrade cooperation.
