1. IN THE NAME OF
ALLAH
WHO IS MOST
BENIFICIENT AND
MERCIFUL.

2. Group members
•ALI
•Mubeen
•Meemona
•Hira
Roll no#12
Roll no#02
Roll no#22
Roll no#32

3. Topic
•FAT
and
• NTFS
Filing systems

4. SOME IMPORTANT TERMS
TO BE REMBERERD
•File
•Directory
•Sector
•cluster

5. FILE
“A collection of
related facts with
particular name and
comprises some
additional attributes”

6. •Application file
Files for OS are Application files
•Data File
Files for users are data files

7. Directory
A file having a collection of files is
called directory.

8. Root Directory
The first directory on
computer’s hard disk is called
root directory

9. Cluster and sector

10. FAT
•Fat 12
•Fat 16
•Vfat

11. Coded and
designed by
Bill Gates in
1976 for
floppy
disks.

12. Integrated by Tim Paterson
for INTEL 8086
Bill Gates again coded for
DOS.

13. FAT provides
CHKDSK or SCANDISK utility.

14. Waste of memory
Increasing size increases
sector size

15. Small file name
•8 bit for name and 3 bit for
extension

16. FAT 12
•First version
•For floppy disks
5.25” single sided disk
•Having 40 tracks.
•Each track has 8 sectors.
•For Up to 32MB of memory

17. •Cluster address 12 bit
long
•Does not support
hierarchical directories
•Sector size 16 bit

18. FAT 16
•Introduce in 1987 in Compaq DOS3.31.
•Sector size was reduced to 8 bits.
•Memory increased up to 2 Gigabytes.
•Windows 98 supported reading and writing .

19. VFAT.
•Introduced by Windows 95.
•Extension of FAT 16 and FAT 12.
•Long file names.
•Additional directory blocks to hold
large names.

20. FAT 32

21. FAT 32
•Introduced by Windows 95-B and
Windows 98.
•Expansion of previous FAT systems.
•It can handle large volume storage
drives up to 2 Terabyte.

22. •robustness
•Single point failure can not fail
whole system it has a back up
copy
to relocate the root directory

23. Efficient use of memory
•
More efficient use of memory
than FAT16.
•
Less slack space increased
efficiency more than 15% than
FAT 16.

24. It was because
•Cluster size was 4 KB instead of
64KB

25. Still some draw backs.
•compatibility
•Its Compatibility, it
supports only MS operating
systems

26. •No Naïve level
security available in
FAT32.

27. •Performance varies
with application

28. NTFS
New technology file
system.

29. history
•In the mid of 1980s IBM and
Microsoft joined to make
Next generation Operating
system.
•The result was OS/2.

30. Unfortunately this
operating system was not
so successful because of
because of marketing and
support issue.

31. •Microsoft separated and started
to work on windows on
Windows NT.

32. •They borrowed basic naïve file
concepts from OS/2 in creating
NTFS

33. Plus points of NTFS
•Flexible cluster size
•It allows to vary the
cluster size despite of fix
in HPRS that was 512 byte .

34. •More sectors in one cluster
It also supports
clusters
more than one sectors
which increased the
performance a little.

35. •Reliability
It can recover from problem
without data loss.
That’s why more reliable than
FATs

36. •Security and access control.
•Major weakness in FAT 32 was
security issue
•NTFS provided access control and
security which supports
Application and networking.

37. Storage efficiency
Due to minimum slack, memory
utilization
was maximum.

38. •Long file name
It supports the long
File names up to 255
characters.

39. •Supported very large volumes
It removed the limitations
on
Disks size which were in
FAT filling systems

40. •Networking
Windows NT give a lot of facilities
For networking.

41. Partition
structure
•NTFS has no anomalies
in
•its strucure,4KB of
cluster
size was considered
ideal.

42. Storage anatomy
Copy of MFT
MFT
88%
12%
File storage
space
MFT zone
File storage
space
User zone

43. Meta files
The first 16 NTFS files are
system files.
The meta file area is in the
NTFS disk root
Directory, they start with
“$”.it is difficult to get info
about them.

44. Draw backs of NTFS
•Does not support less than 400MB.
•Does not format floppy
disk
•No built in encryption available

45. THANK YOU