Presentation provided at GEOINT 2019. This training session Provides an overview of OGC standards that have been adapted by National System for Geospatial Intelligence (NSG) specifications. It will enable GEOINT professionals to more efficiently use standards-based interfaces and encoding formats to solve geospatial problems. By equipping GEOINT professionals with the skills to identify and apply OGC standards, this training course will improve the professionals’ ability to meet challenges within their day-to-day work.

2. Efficient use of Standards-based Interfaces
and Encodings in Geospatial Intelligence
Luis Bermudez PhD, Gobe Hobona PhD
2
Open Geospatial Consortium

3. Part 1. Introduction to OGC standards
• Fundamentals of interoperability between geospatial
technologies
• The role of the OGC in improving global geospatial
interoperability
• What is an OGC Standard?
• Overview of OGC Standards
• OGC Service Architecture
• Overview of freely available standards learning resources
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4. Modeling Geographic Information
• Geographic Features
• Coverages
4

5. Spatial Referencing
• Civic locations using geographic terms or identifiers
• Coordinates as numeric values in a coordinate reference system
• Linear referencing for linearly located events and linear segments
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6. The role of the OGC in improving global geospatial
interoperability
• The Havoc of Non-Interoperability
• Standards as the basis for the
success of the Internet and the
World Wide Web
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7. What is an OGC Standard?
A document, established by consensus and approved by the OGC
Membership, that provides rules and guidelines, aimed at the
optimum degree of interoperability in a given context.
• Community requirements
• Member requirements
• Market trends
• Technology trends
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8. Overview of OGC Standards
• Standards
• Abstract Specifications
• Best Practices
• Engineering Reports
• Discussion Papers
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9. Standards
• Implementation Standards
• Community Standards
• Extensions
• Profiles
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10. Implementation Standards Overview
• Web Feature Service (WFS)
• Web Map Service (WMS)
• Web Coverage Service (WCS)
• Sensor Observation Service (SOS)
• Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW)
• Web Processing Service (WPS)
• OGC CDB
• OGC KML
• GeoPackage
• ...and more!
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11. Web Feature Service (WFS)
• Offers direct fine-grained access to geographic information at the
feature and feature property level
• Suitable for publishing or accessing vector feature data over a
network
• Example operations: GetFeature, DescribeFeatureType,
Transaction
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12. Web Map Service (WMS)
• Provides a simple HTTP interface for
requesting geo-registered map
images from one or more distributed
geospatial databases
• Suitable for publishing dynamically
rendered maps as images
• Example operations: GetMap,
GetFeatureInfo
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13. Web Coverage Service (WCS)
• Offers multi-dimensional coverage
data for access over networks
• Suitable for publishing or accessing
raster data and other coverages
over a network
• Example operations: GetCoverage,
DescribeCoverage
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14. Sensor Observation Service (SOS)
• Allows querying observations, sensor
metadata, as well as representations of
observed features
• Suitable for publishing or accessing
observations made by sensors over a
network
• Example operations: GetObservation,
GetFeatureOfInterest, InsertObservation
• Part of the Sensor Web Enablement
(SWE) suite
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15. Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW)
• Provides the ability to publish and search collections of
descriptive information (metadata) for data, services, and related
information objects.
• Suitable for publishing and accessing metadata (e.g. NMF, ISO
19115 etc) over a network
• Example operations: GetRecords, DescribeRecord, Transaction
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16. Web Processing Service (WPS)
• Provides rules for standardizing how inputs
and outputs (requests and responses) should
be passed to geospatial processing services,
such as polygon overlay
• Suitable for publishing geospatial processes
and other types of algorithms
• Example operations: Execute,
DescribeProcess
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17. OGC CDB
• Provides for a geospatial content and model definition repository
that is interoperable between simulation environments
• Suitable for exchanging data between simulation environments and
other synthetic environments
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18. OGC KML
• An XML language focused on
geographic visualization, including
annotation of maps and images
• Submitted to OGC by Google; used
by Google Earth
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19. GeoPackage
• An open, standards-based, platform-
independent, portable, self-
describing, compact format for
transferring geospatial information
• Suitable for storage of vector
features, imagery and raster maps
• Stands out in DDIL environments and
on low SWaP devices
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20. Profiles
• A subset of a standard (selected subset of conformance classes)
• Imposes additional constraints on an existing standard
• Can also be extended to offer specialized functionality (called
profile with extensions)
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21. Abstract Specifications
• Provides the conceptual foundation for most OGC specification
development activities
• Example 1: Topic 11 – Metadata
• Example 2: Topic 12 – The OpenGIS Service Architecture
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22. Best Practices
• Procedures and approaches that are accepted by the OGC
membership as the most effective for addressing a particular
need
• Example 1: OGC Best Practice for using Web Map Services
(WMS) with Ensembles of Forecast Data
• Example 2: Gazetteer Service - Application Profile of the Web
Feature Service Best Practice
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23. Engineering Reports
• Documents that are produced by OGC Innovation Program
initiatives as deliverables
• Their purpose is to provide the evidence to inform discussion in
the geospatial information industry on a specific topic
• Examples: Testbed-14 Engineering Reports
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24. Discussion Papers
• Documents that present technology issues being considered in
the Working Groups of the Open Geospatial Consortium
Technical Committee
• Their purpose is to create discussion in the geospatial
information industry on a specific topic
• Example: DGIWG supplied DPs
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25. OGC Services Architecture
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26. Part 2. Standards Profiles for Defence
• Overview of NSG profiles that have been developed on top of
OGC standards
• Relationship to DGIWG specifications
• Applying the standards and profiles to a GEOINT scenario
• Other DGIWG Profiles of OGC standards
• Reference Implementations
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27. Overview of NSG profiles that have been developed
on top of OGC standards
• NSG GeoPackage 1.2 Profile
• NSG WMS 1.3 Profile
• NSG WMTS 1.0 Profile
• NSG WFS 2.0 Profile
• NSG Metadata Foundation
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28. Examples of DGIWG specifications
• Defence Profile of OGC Web Feature Service 2.0
• Defence Profile of OGC Web Map Service 1.3
Revision
• Defence Profile of OGC Web Map Tile Service 1.0
• Multinational Geospatial Co-Production (MGCP)
Portrayal Specification
• DGIWG Metadata Foundation
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29. Relationship between NSG and DGIWG Profiles
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• NSG WFS 2.0 Profile
• NSG WMS 1.3 Profile
• NSG WMTS 1.0 Profile
• NSG Metadata Foundation
• Defence Profile of OGC
Web Feature Service 2.0
• Defence Profile of OGC
Web Map Service 1.3
Revision
• Defence Profile of OGC
Web Map Tile Service 1.0
• DGIWG Metadata
Foundation

30. Applying the standards and profiles to a GEOINT
scenario
• Context: Deploying in support of Hurricane
Response
• Required to publish vector data products,
which type of web service do I need?
• Required to publish dynamically rendered
web-maps, which type of service do I need?
• Required to provide vector and image data
on mobile hand-held devices, which format
should I use?
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Source:
defenceimagery.mod.uk

31. Other DGIWG Profiles of OGC standards
• DGIWG Metadata Foundation
• DGIWG Profile of JPEG2000 for Georeferenced Imagery
• Defence Profile of OGC Web Coverage Service 2.0
• Defence Profile of OGC Catalogue Service for the Web 2.0
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32. Reference Implementations
• Setting up a server using reference implementations
• Definition of Reference Implementations of OGC Standards
• Reference Implementation Status Duration
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33. Definition of Reference Implementations of OGC
Standards
• Fully functional, licensed copy of tested, branded software,
• that has passed the test for an associated conformance class in a
version of an Implementation Standard, and
• that is free and publicly available for testing via a web service or
download
33

34. Reference Implementation Status Duration
• The status is good for one year
• The implementation needs to be retested every year
• The implementation must pass the test to maintain its status as
Reference Implementation
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35. Part 3. Compliance Testing Resources
• The compliance testing process
• Tools for testing and validation of compliance
• Using a local Docker container for OGC compliance testing
• Finding software implementations that are compliant to OGC
standards
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36. The compliance testing process
• How long does it take?
• What if your application does not pass the test?
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37. How long does it take?
• Self test in 1-2 months to confirm that
the application can passed the test
• Make an online request to OGC in 5-
10 minutes
• OGC will verify and respond in 1-3
days
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38. What if your application does not pass the test?
• Use the community forum citeforum@lists.opengeospatial.org
• About 300 members participate in the forum
• Each test suite has a lead
• OGC has alliances with groups supporting the test (answering
questions, fixing bugs, etc.)
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39. Issue Tracker
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40. Tools for testing and validation of compliance
• Example Executable Test Suites
• TEAM Engine
• http://cite.opengeospatial.org/teamengine
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41. Test Suites
• Requirements
• Conformance Classes
• Abstract Test Suites
• Executable Test Suites
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42. Sample of OGC Test Suites
• https://github.com/opengeospatial/ets-gpkg12
• https://github.com/opengeospatial/ets-wfs20
• https://github.com/opengeospatial/ets-wms13
• https://github.com/opengeospatial/ets-wcs20
• https://github.com/opengeospatial/ets-gml32
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43. Sample of DGIWG Test Suites
• https://github.com/opengeospatial/ets-wms13-dgiwg
• https://github.com/opengeospatial/ets-cat20-dgiwg10
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44. Sample of NSG Test Suites
• https://github.com/opengeospatial/ets-wfs20-nsg
• https://github.com/opengeospatial/ets-wms13-nsg
• https://github.com/opengeospatial/ets-gpkg12-nsg
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45. TEAM Engine
• http://cite.opengeospatial.org/te2/
• OGC validation web site:
• http://cite.opengeospatial.org/teamengine/
• OGC beta validation web site
• http://cite.opengeospatial.org/te2
• Source code validator engine (TEAM Engine)
• https://github.com/opengeospatial/teamengine
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46. Using a local Docker container for OGC compliance
testing
• https://github.com/opengeospatial/teamengine-docker
46

47. Finding software implementations that are
compliant to OGC standards
• OGC Compliance Badge
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48. List of Certified and Implementing Products
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49. OGC e-Learning
http://www.opengeospatial.org/learning
• Web Map Service (WMS) learning objectives:
– Describe how web clients and servers interact
– Describe what can be done with WMS
– Understand the main operations of WMS
– Understand how to issue a GetMap request
– Demonstrate how to configure an example WMS
server
• OGC Geospatial Architect – Level 1 learning objectives
– Familiarization with a variety of OGC web services
– Familiarization with a selection of OGC data encoding
standards
– Understand how to query a selection of OGC web
services
– Demonstrate how to interact with an OGC web service
• Registration fee $99 USD