for class 11 and 12 investigatory project on chromatography of candy

1. CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT MADHUPARNA BHOWMIKOF
CLASS XI – A HAS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED THE
RESEARCH ON THE TOPIC : ‘CHROMATOGRAPHYOF
CANDY’ DURING THE YEAR 2015-16 UNDER THE
GUIDANCE OF MRS. CISSY T.V.

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
IN THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THIS PROJECT
SUCCESSFULLY , MANY PEOPLE HAVE BEST OWNED
UPON ME THEIR BLESSINGS AND HEART PLEDGED
SUPPORT , THIS TIME I AM UTILIZING TO THANK
ALL THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN CONCERNED
WITH THIS PROJECT.
I WOULD LIKE THANK MY PARENTS AND MY
FRIENDS FOR THEIR SUPPORT AND SUGGESTIONS.
I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK MY CLASS TEACHER
AS WELL AS MY CHEMISTRY TEACHER MRS. CISSY
T.V FOR HER GUIDANCE.

7. BASIC PRINCIPLE
Chromatography includes a group of techniques
that separate the various components in a complex
solution. In each chromatography setup there is
generally a so-called mobile element (a fluid in
which the components are dissolved) and a
stationary aspect (the material the fluid moves
through). For example, in paper chromatography
water is the mobile phase and paper is the
stationary phase. The solution's components ideally
move at different speeds as they travel through the
stationary phase so that they can be separated. In
paper chromatography different pigments can be
separated based on their solubility, or their ability
to dissolve in water. The more soluble a pigment is,
the more readily it will dissolve in the mobile phase
and the farther it will usually travel as it is carried
by the water being absorbed into the paper

8. MATERIALS
REQUIRED
• Paper towels.
• Scissors
• Pencil
• Large bowl or pot
• Measuring spoon
• Measuring cup
• Water
• Salt
• Large jar with a narrow opening
• Medicine dropper
• Clean plate
• Gems (candy), one of each color I want to test
• Timer or clock
• Red, green and blue food coloring liquids
• Clothespins
• Drying rack

9. PREPARATION
 I cut the paper towels into strips that are each about
one inch wide. I cut three strips for the food coloring
samples and an additional strip for each gems
(candy) color I wanted to test.
• I used a pencil to label which candy color or food
coloring will be spotted on each paper strip.
• I drew a pencil line about one inch from the bottom
end of each paper strip.
• In a large bowl or pot mix together one eighth
teaspoon of salt with fourcups of water. I poured a
small amountof the salt solutioninto a large jar with
a narrow opening so that the jar is about one inch
full.

10. PROCEDURE
• I put a single drop of water on the clean plate. Set an Gems
candy in the drop of water and left it there for three minutes.
• After three minutes flip the candy over so its other side is in the
drop of water. Left it there for another three minutes. Then
removed the candy.
• I took one of the paper towel strips I prepared and place the
pencil line I drew on top of the now-colored drop of water. I can
get some extra dye on the line by dabbing the sides of the wet
candy with it.
•I repeated these steps with the other Gems candies’ colors I want
to test, using a new strip for each Gems candy.
• Next I prepare a strip for each food coloring. Put a small drop of
food coloring on the plate and lightly dab the line on a new strip
against it. Repeat this so that I have three food coloring strips
(one each for the red, green and blue food coloring).
• I carefully put the pigmented end of a strip into the jar I filled
with saltwater. Put the strip into the jar until the strip just touches
the saltwater. Drape the top of the strip over the jar's opening and
secure it with a clothespin.. Place and secure as many of the other
strips as will fit in the jar, being sure that they do not touch the
jar's sides or each other.
• Let the water rise up the strips until it is about an inch or two
from the top. I removed the strips at this point.
• Let the strips completely dry out. I set them on a drying rack.

11. Observations and results
I observed that green Gems are made up of two
dyes whereas blue, yellow, and red Gems only use
one dye. Some of these dyes match the ones from
the red, blue and green food coloring strips.
I have seen that blue food coloring liquids I tested,
on the other hand, has blue and red dyes; red food
coloring has two different red dyes; and green food
coloring uses a blue and a yellow dye . Looking at
the ingredients list on the packaging I could
determine exactly which government-certified Food
Drug and Cosmetic Act (FD&C) dyes these are. Blue
Gems use one of the same blue dyes and red M&Ms
share one of these red dyes. Green Gems also use
two dyes, a yellow dye and a blue dye, although the
latter was be too faint to easily see. Yellow Gems
use a single yellow dye.

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY
HELP FROM INTERNET:
1.Google
2.scientificamerican.com
3.slideshare
HELP FROM TEACHERS