1. A WARM WELCOMEA WARM WELCOME
FORFOR
SHAPOORJI PALLONJI
ENGINEERS CONSTRUCTION
EVERY DROP COUNTS
A PRESENTATION ONA PRESENTATION ON
SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESSSEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

2. • Compact Plants - OccupyCompact Plants - Occupy
Minimum Space.Minimum Space.
• Less O&M CostLess O&M Cost
• Less Manpower requirementLess Manpower requirement
• No Odour Nuisance.No Odour Nuisance.
• Flexibility for futureFlexibility for future
ExpansionExpansion
• Minimal Sludge Handling.Minimal Sludge Handling.
• Easy To Use & Operate.Easy To Use & Operate.

3. WASTE WATERWASTE WATER
CONTAININGCONTAINING
CONTAMINANTSCONTAMINANTS
BACTERIABACTERIA
HARMLESS ENDHARMLESS END
PRODUCTSPRODUCTS
CO2 + H2O + NEW BACTERIA
CH4 + H2O + NEW BACTERIA
PRESENCE OF O2
ABSENCE OF O2
AEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
THE PROCESSTHE PROCESS

4. • Most Ideal Solution
• Large Land Requirement
However
• Routing pipelines through congested areas of the city.
• Digging up of roads for laying of pipelines.
• Construction of bridges for conveying pipelines across
the river, if any
• Setting up Sewage pumping stations
Massive Investment Required for

6. • Investment for laying of pipelines avoided.
• Investment in setting up pumping stations minimized.
• Reduced cost of operations due to absence of pumping.
• Treatment as close as possible to source of generation.
• Better flexibility to cater to future expansions.

7. • pHpH
• O & GO & G
• B.O.D.B.O.D.
• C.O.D.C.O.D.
• T.S.S.T.S.S.
• : 6 - 9: 6 - 9
• : 50 mg/l: 50 mg/l
• : 200-275 mg / l: 200-275 mg / l
• : 550-600: 550-600 mg / lmg / l
• : 350-450 mg / l: 350-450 mg / l

8. • PhPh
• O & G (mg / l )O & G (mg / l )
• B.O.D. (mg / l)B.O.D. (mg / l)
• C.O.D. (mg / l)C.O.D. (mg / l)
• T.S.S. (mg / l)T.S.S. (mg / l)
• PhPh
• O & G (mg / l )O & G (mg / l )
• B.O.D. (mg / l)B.O.D. (mg / l)
• C.O.D. (mg / l)C.O.D. (mg / l)
• T.S.S. (mg / l)T.S.S. (mg / l)
6-96-9
< 10< 10
< 30< 30
< 100< 100
< 50< 50
6-96-9
< 10< 10
< 30< 30
< 100< 100
< 50< 50
6.5 - 8.56.5 - 8.5
< 5< 5
< 10< 10
< 100< 100
< 10< 10
6.5 - 8.56.5 - 8.5
< 5< 5
< 10< 10
< 100< 100
< 10< 10
PARAMETER NORMS FOR
DISPOSAL
FOR RECYCLE
For Disposal To
On Land Water
Bodies
Gardening.

9. Operational Requirements of a WastewaterOperational Requirements of a Wastewater
Management SystemManagement System
Meet CPCB / SPCB / WHO NormsMeet CPCB / SPCB / WHO Norms
Meet Coliform Count after TreatmentMeet Coliform Count after Treatment
Low Foot Print AreaLow Foot Print Area
Flexible in operation : Should accept varyingFlexible in operation : Should accept varying
loadsloads
Easy to Operate & MaintainEasy to Operate & Maintain
No smell / odourNo smell / odour

10. SEWAGESEWAGE
TERTIARY
TREATMENT
RECYCLE
DISPOSAL
For Removal Of
SS, Oil etc.
For Removal Of
SS, Oil etc.
For Reduction Of
BOD, COD etc.
For Reduction Of
BOD, COD etc.
PRIMARY
TREATMENT
Physical Treatment
Screening, Oil & Grease Removal
SEC.
TREATMENT
Biological Treatment
Polishing Units
Dual Media Filter
Activated Carbon Filter

11. EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGYEVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY
• Oxidation PondsOxidation Ponds
• Anaerobic Systems (UASB/AF etc.)Anaerobic Systems (UASB/AF etc.)
• Aerobic ProcessesAerobic Processes
– Suspended Growth : (ASP & Variants)Suspended Growth : (ASP & Variants)
– Attached Growth ProcessesAttached Growth Processes
• S A F FS A F F
-- FLUIDISED BED REACTORFLUIDISED BED REACTOR
(MBBR)(MBBR)

12. • Natural Mode Of Treatment.Natural Mode Of Treatment.
• Large area requirement.Large area requirement.
• Odour Nuisance Likely.Odour Nuisance Likely.
• Consumes Power For Pumping Sewage Out OfConsumes Power For Pumping Sewage Out Of
The City.The City.
• Complete Treatment Cannot Be Guaranteed.Complete Treatment Cannot Be Guaranteed.
• Expected Project Schedule - 1 - 2 YearsExpected Project Schedule - 1 - 2 Years

13. INFLUENT
EQUALISATION
TANK
AERATION
LAGOON
TREATED EFFLUENT
UASB - I
UASB - II
SLUDGE DRYING
BED

14. • Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor.Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor.
• No Aeration Device Required.No Aeration Device Required.
• Odour nuisanceOdour nuisance
• Sensitive To Fluctuations / Shock Loads.Sensitive To Fluctuations / Shock Loads.
• Calls For Adequate Post Aeration To MeetCalls For Adequate Post Aeration To Meet
The Norms.The Norms.
• Regular Skilled Monitoring - Essentiality.Regular Skilled Monitoring - Essentiality.
• Long Start Up Time : 3 - 4 MonthsLong Start Up Time : 3 - 4 Months
• Restart Time : Minimum 1 MonthRestart Time : Minimum 1 Month

15. INFLUENT
EQUALISATION
TANK
TREATED
EFFLUENT
+
+
+
+
SLUDGE DRYING
BEDS
AERATION TANK
SEC. CLARIFIER
SLUDGE RECYCLE
SURFACE AERATOR

16. ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESSACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
RECYCLED SLUDGE
SETTLING
TANK
AERATION
TANK
AERATORS
TREATED
EFFLUENT
AFTER
PRIMARY
TMT.
SLUDGE FOR TREATMENT /
DISPOSAL
F / M ? M . L . S . S . ?
DISSOLVED OXYGEN ?
PUMPING COST
RECYCLED SLUDGE % ?
F / M : FOOD TO MICRO-ORGANISM RATIO
M.L.S.S. : MIXED LIQUOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS

17. INHERENT PROBLEMSINHERENT PROBLEMS
• HIGH OPERATING COSTS
• COMPLEX MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS
• SKILLED PROCESS OPERATIONS
• LARGE QUANTITY OF DIFFICULT TO HANDLE
SLUDGE PRODUCED
• SUSCEPTIBLE TO SHOCK LOADS
• CONTINUOUS POWER SUPPLY REQUIRED

18. SCRENNING &
EQUALISATION
RAW
SEWAGE
V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V
M
M
SAFF REACTOR
AIR BLOWERS
AIR
DIFFUSERS
FIXED MEDIA
SAFF TREATMENT SYSTEMSAFF TREATMENT SYSTEM
SLUDGE
DRYING
BEDS
SLUDGE
(OPTIONAL)
FILTER PRESS
CHLORINATION
TREATED
SEWAGE
TUBESETTLER

19. BASED ON PRINCIPAL OF
MOVING BED ATTACHED GROWTH

20. FBR ……….FBR ……….
• has media which supports thehas media which supports the
biomass.biomass.
• The media is in suspension, sinceThe media is in suspension, since
the specific gravity of the mediathe specific gravity of the media
is less than that of water.is less than that of water.
• The fluidization of the mediaThe fluidization of the media
takes place by current set bytakes place by current set by
aeration.aeration.

21. VVVVVV
VVVVVV
M
M
REACTOR - I REACTOR - II
AIR BLOWERS
AIR
DIFFUSERS
FLOATING MEDIA
FBR TREATMENT SYSTEMFBR TREATMENT SYSTEM
SLUDGE
DRYING
BEDS
SLUDGE
(OPTIONAL)
FILTER PRESS
CHLORINATION
TREATED
SEWAGE
TUBESETTLER
TERTIARY TREATMENT
Oil &
Grease trap
Equalization
Cum
Collection
Tank
SCREEN
V V V V V V

22. A) EQUALISATION TANKA) EQUALISATION TANK
THE OBJECTIVETHE OBJECTIVE
• Dampen / absorb the effluent flow rate variations.
• Keep the effluent in mixed condition to obtain
homogenous characteristics.
TO ENSURETO ENSURE
Desired treatment efficiency of the down line system.

23. A) EQUALISATION TANKA) EQUALISATION TANK
VVVVVVV
RAW
SEWAGE
BAR SCREEN
CHAMBER
AIR GRID
EQUALISATION TANK
AIR
BLOWER
M
M
FEED
PUMPS

24. FLUIDISEDFLUIDISED
BEDBED
REACTORREACTOR
(MBBR)(MBBR)

25. FEATURESFEATURES
FROM
PRIMARY
FB
REACTOR-I
A) TWO REACTORS IN SERIESA) TWO REACTORS IN SERIES
FB
REACTOR-II

26. FEATURESFEATURES
SEWAGE
INLET
SEWAGE
OUTLET
B) NO SHORT CIRCUITINGB) NO SHORT CIRCUITING

27. FEATURESFEATURES
SEWAGE
INLET
C) COUNTER CURRENT FLOWC) COUNTER CURRENT FLOW
AIR DISTRIBUTION
GRID
V V V V
SEWAGE
AIR

28. FEATURESFEATURES
D) ENHANCED OXYGEN TRANSFERD) ENHANCED OXYGEN TRANSFER
V V V V V V V V
REACTOR WITHOUT
CARRIER ELEMENTS
REACTOR WITH
CARRIER ELEMENTS
AIR
BUBBLES

29. FEATURESFEATURES
F) NO SLUDGE RECYCLINGF) NO SLUDGE RECYCLING
FB
REACTOR-I
FB
REACTOR-II

30. AEROBIC / ANAEROBIC &
FACULTATIVE LAGOONS
FB REACTORFB REACTOR
OXIDATION DITCH
COMPARATIVE AREA REQUIREMENTS
ASP
SAFF REACTOR
FB REACTOR

31. Specific Advantages of FBR overSpecific Advantages of FBR over
other processesother processes
• Very low area requirement : Approx. 1/10thVery low area requirement : Approx. 1/10th
That Of Conventional ProcessesThat Of Conventional Processes
• High treatment efficiency.High treatment efficiency.
• Digested Sludge - No Sludge Treatment Reqd.Digested Sludge - No Sludge Treatment Reqd.
• Ease Of Operation & Maintenance - MinimumEase Of Operation & Maintenance - Minimum
Manpower.Manpower.
• Quick re-start after prolonged shut-downsQuick re-start after prolonged shut-downs
– typically after 1 week shut down, re-start time istypically after 1 week shut down, re-start time is
only 12 hours.only 12 hours.

32. HAVE A NICE DAY
THANK YOU ALLTHANK YOU ALL
Let us allLet us all
make A Green Earthmake A Green Earth