Electric vehicles (EVs) provide environmental benefits by reducing emissions even when powered by coal-based electricity. EVs also offer lower fuel and maintenance costs compared to gas vehicles. Massachusetts currently has hundreds of EV charging stations and provides incentives for purchasing EVs and installing chargers. Upcoming events will give people test drives to experience EVs firsthand and help more drivers switch to these cleaner vehicles.

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So, have you thought about your next car to be an EV
MAPC Fall Council Meeting
October 25th
Stephen Russell
Massachusetts Clean Cities

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Agenda
Images: NREL Image Gallery #14922 and #23854
 Why Battery Electric
vehicles
 Environmental impact
 What cars are available
today
 How does an EV get its
fuel
 Costs Associated with
Electric Vehicle Supply
Equipment
 Additional Resources

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Why BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles)
1. Better for the environment
– Reduce carbon emissions, even when energy is sourced from coal
– Helps communities transition to renewable energy
– Reduce use of oil, transmission fluid and other hazardous fluids
– Cut noise pollution
Reduce expenses
– Maintenance Cost are reduced
– Consistent lower energy(fuel) costs
– Stabilize transportation costs
2. Future benefits
– Use of “smart grid” during peak demand
– Energy storage for resiliency
3

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4
Mile Per Gallon of Gasoline versus Equivalent of Electric Vehicles
on a Carbon Emission Basis
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Average
Gasoline
Vechicle
Colorado EV
(heavy coal)
Best Gasoline
Hybrid (Prius)
New England
EV (NG +
"clean" mix)
California EV
(slightly
"cleaner" mix)
WA, AK, ID,
etc EV (>50%
Hydro)
24
33
50
83
95
100+
Source: Union of Concerned Scientists, 2014
Summary: Electric
cars will reduce
greenhouse gases
and other
emissions, even if
the source of
electricity is
mostly coal, a
2007 study by the
Electric Power
Research Institute
(EPRI) and NRDC
showed. There
have been some
30 such studies,
analyses and
presentations on
this topic that all
reach similar
conclusions.

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Basics: Electric Drive Vehicles
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
• Powered by an engine and electric
motor
• Does not use electric vehicle
supply equipment (EVSE) to charge
the battery
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle
(PHEV)
• Powered by an electric motor and
engine
• Uses EVSE to charge the battery
All-Electric Vehicle (EV)
• Powered by an electric motor
• Uses EVSE to charge the battery
$0.23
$$0.18
$0.12

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BEVs and PHEVs Available Today for Sale
BEV= Battery Electric Vehicle
6
Ford
Nissan Leaf Ford Focus Chevrolet Bolt
125 mile range 125 mile range 238 Mile
range
Ford C-Max Energi Chevrolet Volt
20 miles range and 100 MPGe 50 mile range
PHEV= Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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Charging the vehicle(fueling)
7
Electric Vehicle
Supply
Equipment
(EVSE):
 The conductors,
attachment plugs, and
all other equipment
specifically installed to
transfer energy
between premises
wiring and the electric
vehicle, as well as
exchange information.

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Installation Costs – Level 1
Level 1 Installation
$0-$3,000
Main L1 Installation Cost Factors
• Offer an existing electrical outlet for drivers to plug in cordset ($0)
• Install an electrical outlet or a wall mounted Level 1 EVSE ($300-$1,000)
• Install a pedestal Level 1 EVSE ($1,000-$3,000 assuming no major electrical work
needed)

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EVSE Unit Costs - Level 2
Ballpark Cost Ranges for Level 2 EVSE
Level 2 EVSE Unit
(single port)
$400-$6,500
Main L2 EVSE Cost Factors
• Mounting (wall/pedestal)
• Communications capabilities
• Advanced features
Image from New West Technologies

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EVSE Unit Costs - DC Fast Charging
Main DCFC EVSE Cost Factors
• Power output ranges from 24-250kW
(commonly 50-60kW)
• Number of ports (may have multiple
connector standards but only charge
one vehicle at a time)
• Advanced features
DCFC EVSE Unit
$10K-$40K
DCFC Connectors
SAEJ1772 CCS and CHAdeMO
Photo from Don Karner
Photo from Margaret Smith
Photo from Margaret Smith

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Charging stations in Massachusetts
499 Stations – with 1,327 Charge
points

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13
Where are all the EVSEs
Cambridge
Street Boston
Simon Mall
Braintree
Northampton Fire
Department
UMASS
Amherst

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EVSE Installation types and do not
forget signage

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• DEP has provided funding for Cities and Towns for EVs,
PHEVs and EVSEs
• Program participation to date:
– 86 entities with 121 applications
– 267 EVs: 211 BEVs, 55 PHEVs,1 ZEM
– 92 Level 2 dual-port charging stations
• It is currently out of Funding
but stay tuned
FUNDING: MASS EVIP PROGRAM

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Consumer EV Rebate: MOR-EV.org
www.mor-Ev.org
The Massachusetts EV Rebate program
The Massachusetts Offers Rebates for Electric Vehicles (MOR-EV) program aims to
provide air pollution emission reductions for the Commonwealth by increasing the use
of electric vehicles.
Funded by the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs’ Department of
Energy Resources (DOER) and administered statewide by the Center for Sustainable
Energy (CSE), MOR-EV provides rebates of up to $2,500 for the purchase or lease of
zero-emission and plug-in hybrid light-duty vehicles.

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What is Drive Green with Mass Energy?
An electric vehicle (EV) discount program to make choosing an EV
easier for you.
Anyone is eligible to participate and receive a discount to purchase or lease a
top EV model at a participating dealer.
They are a nonprofit organization working to reduce emissions 80% by 2050
and stop climate change. EVs are a big part of the solution! Learn more
about EVs.
https://www.massenergy.org/drivegreen
Mass Drive Green with Mass Energy

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• MASS DRIVE CLEAN is the nation’s first state-sponsored electric vehicle
test drive campaign.
• The 2017 Events are underway and MASS DRIVE CLEAN is introducing
thousands of people across the state to the new generation of electric
vehicles through professionally-produced test drive events. Each event is
customized to the needs of the event host; support is offered to hosts free
and we are actively looking for hosts to participate in this year’s MASS
DRIVE CLEAN program.
• Our goal here is to get “butts in seats”
Mass Drive Clean Ride and Drives

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Up Coming Ride and Drive Events
TODAY
Right outside this Hotel

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Getting Started: PEV Handbooks
Helpful Resource:
Clean Cities PEV Handbooks are great
resources for fleet managers, station owners,
and individuals who are ready to start using
PEVs and infrastructure.
afdc.energy.gov/publications

20. 21
Costs Associated with Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
21
• EVSE Overview
• EVSE Cost Overview
• EVSE Unit Cost Factors
• Installation Cost Factors
• Operation and Maintenance Costs
• Incentives
• Tips for Minimizing EVSE Costs
• Example Scenarios
For more information, visit
http://www.afdc.energy.gov/uploads/publication/evse_
cost_report_2015.pdf
Main Information Sources:
- EV Project (2011-2013)
- Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report (2010-2013)
- West Coast Electric Highway (WCEH) (2011-2015)
- Industry Interviews (2014-2015)

21. 22
Contact Information & Important Links
Stephen Russell
Massachsuetts Clean Cities Coordinator
Department of Energy Resources
617 626-7325
Stephen.russell@state.ma.us
Clean Cities Website: www.cleancities.energy.gov
Mass Clean Cities Website: www.mass.gov/energy/cleancities
Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center: www.afdc.energy.gov
Clean Cities National Parks Initiative: https://cleancities.energy.gov/national-parks