Describes friendly road construction, the entire process, application, examples and benefits of it.

1. Road Subgrade Design – Sustainable ecologically
friendly road construction
Middle East concrete Seminar - Big 5 Dubai
18 Nov 2014
Abdullah Bdeir
Director ATCCo – Chairman Jordan GBC

2. • Non-toxic clay-based soil stabilizer
• 100% Biodegradable
• Reduced road maintenance costs
• Increased and lasting compaction
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3. Benefits:
•100% environmentally friendly
•Reduces maintenance requirements and costs
•Reduces reliance on costly aggregates and gravel
•Allows for use of high clay content soils
•Reduces the permeability of a treated soil
•Increases the density of treated soils
•Increases the CBR (California Bearing Ratio)
or strength of treated soils
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4. EarthZyme’s application will result in higher CBR values (a measure of soil strength)
and will allow for the use of marginal soil materials therefore reducing the
standard reliance on expensive aggregates and gravels.
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5. 5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
CBRValue
A B C B E F
No EZ CBR 43 12 37 55 69 14
EZ CBR 196 37 135 102 296 41
Increase in CBR Values

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10. Before EarthZyme After EarthZyme
EarthZyme is 100% biodegradable and works on the clay-based fraction of the soil.
After EarthZyme’s application, the clay particles in the soil are no longer attracted
to water, allowing for any water present in the soil to drain away freely resulting
in the clay/soil particles settling closer together and producing lasting soil
stabilization.
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11. EarthZyme reacts permanently with clay in the soil to produce long-term stabilization.
Other products glue the clay particles together.
Once the glue is gone... so are the results of the stabilization process.
Because EarthZyme uses the
clay as the glue, which
remains in the soil indefinitely,
it produces the long term
effects that are desired.
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15. The EarthZyme stabilized soil
will have a lower permeability
due to increased soil density
resulting in a harder, more
durable road in both dry and
wet weather.
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0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
VerticalSwell(mm)
Caupicho Quito Ecuador
Hainan Province Transport
Construction Quality Control
Department (2007)
Hainan Province Transport
Construction Quality Control
Department (2005)
Metropolitan District of Quito
Ecuador
EarthZyme 0.3 0.08 0.06 0.01
Untreated 0.81 0.26 0.28 0.32
Reduction in Swell

17. Once applied, EarthZyme will reduce the tendency for
a road to exhibit common maintenance problems such
as wash-boarding, rutting, heaving, potholing and dust.
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18. EarthZyme has also resulted in reduced
rolling resistance and racking events on
heavy haul trucks. Extending the
economic life of haul trucks.
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19. 19
A B C B E F
353%
208%
265%
85%
328%
192%
CBR Avg. Percent Change
A B C B E F
Naco Golf
Country
Club
Consorcio
San Ignacio
Argentina
Huiyang
District
Pontifical
Catholic
University
of Peru
Ghana
Highway
Authority
University
of Piura

20. EarthZyme is supplied in liquid form and is
applied using standard equipment and techniques.
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21. EarthZyme is super-concentrated, therefore making the product’s cost negligible
per kilometer or mile of road treated compared to alternative products or standard
maintenance costs of non-stabilized, unpaved roads.
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22. Verification of Soil Compatibility:
Prior to any EarthZyme application,
a soil analysis must be conducted to
verify compatibility with EarthZyme.
Tests Needed:
A) Dry Density/Moisture Content Relation Proctor Test ASTM_D698
B) Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plastic Index Test (Atterberg Limits) ASTM D4318-10
C) Particle Size Analysis ASTM D422
D) Hydrometer Analysis ASTM D1140
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25. Application: STEP 1
Scarify or till the soil to the required depth (50 cm’s minimum for haul
roads).
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26. Application: STEP 2
Spray the EarthZyme and water mixture onto the soil.
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27. Application: STEP 3 (Example)
Road Length = 1000 m (1 km)
Road Width = 40 m
Depth = 0.50 m (50 cm)
 Volume Soil = 20,000 m3 (compacted)
 Amount of EarthZyme
 (EarthZyme is applied on average 1 liter / 33 m3 of compacted soil)
= 20,000 m3 divided by 33 m3
= 629 liters of EarthZyme
*An optional slurry application of EarthZyme may be recommended, see step 7
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28. Application: STEP 3 Cont’d… (Optimal Moisture)
Say the current moisture content is 7 %,
The optimum moisture content is 11 % and the soil has a density of 2.2 tons/m3
 Required moisture to be added: = (11 % - 7 %) x 2.2 x 20,000 m3 (compacted
soil)
= 1,760,000 liters of water
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29. Application: STEP 3 Cont’d… (Optimal Moisture)
Say the current moisture content is 7 %,
The optimum moisture content is 11 % and the soil has a density of 2.2 tons/m3
 Required moisture to be added: = (11 % - 7 %) x 2.2 x 20,000 m3 (compacted
soil)
= 1,760,000 liters of water
At 2% below OMC
= 800,000 liters of water
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30. Application: STEP 3 Cont’d… (Optimal Moisture)
Bring the soil up to OMC (optimum moisture content)
by adding more water during the mixing process.
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31. Application: STEP 4:
Mix the soil, EarthZyme and water to
the desired consistency.
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32. Application: STEP 4 (Optional Equipment)
If a reclaimer is not available a grader can be used to mix the water and
EarthZyme into the soil.
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33. Application: STEP 5:
Shape the road as per the engineer’s specifications.
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34. Application: STEP 6:
Compact to reach MDD or higher for maximum CBR value.
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35. Application: STEP 7 7:
Apply a slurry of EarthZyme and water to help seal the road.
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36. Application: STEP 8:
Continue compacting after the slurry application has been applied.
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37. Application: STEP 9:
Always make sure that there is proper drainage on the road.
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38. Application: STEP 10:
Once compaction is complete, the road is ready to be opened to traffic.
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39. Applications:
• Primary roads
• Secondary Roads
• Municipal Roads
• Forest roads
• Construction in progress
• Parking
• Container Terminals
• Trails
• Runways
• Levees
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40. Works carried out ... Romania
Before After
Chip Seal Surface
EarthZyme
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41. Texas, USA
At Mexico Border
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42. Romania
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43. Dominican Republic
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44. Columbia
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45. South Africa
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46. Mongolia
…Several Months Later
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47. China
Shenzhen - Container Storage Yard Shenzhen - EarthZyme Compaction Shenzhen - Two Years Later
Guangzhou - Before Guangzhou - After EarthZyme Application Guangzhou - With Chip Seal 48

48. China continued…
Huiyan - Before Huiyan - EarthZyme application Huiyan - Paved Surface
Fushan - Before Fushan - EarthZyme with Gravel Wearcoat Fushan - After numerous monsoons
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49. Required Equipment:
•Pulverizing Mixer/Reclaimer
•Haul Truck
• Water Truck
•Grader
• Steel Drum Roller/Vibrator
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50. Pneumatic Roller
Sheeps Foot Roller
Optional Equipment Needed:
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51. Reference letters and lab reports pertaining to successful past EarthZyme
projects are available upon request.
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