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You’ll Never Think About   Buy-Sell Agreements   the Same Way Again Z. Christopher Mercer, ASA, CFA Mercer Capital
Three Questions to Ask Your Clients ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 2 3
1 Do You Have a  Buy-Sell Agreement?
The “Wayne” Story ,[object Object],1964 1974 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Fallout
What Is a Buy-Sell Agreement? Buy-sell agreements are agreements by and between the shareholders (or equity partners of whatever legal description)  of a privately owned business and, perhaps, the business itself They establish the mechanism for the purchase of stock following the death (or other adverse changes) of one of the owners In the case of corporate joint ventures, they also establish the value for break-ups or for circumstances calling for one corporate venture partner to buy out the other partner
Buy-Sell Agreements Require agreement  at a point in time Relate to transactions that will or may occur  at future points in time Define the conditions that  “trigger”   the buy-sell provisions  Determine the  price(s)  at which the  specified future transactions will occur
How Do Buy-Sell Agreements  Get Created? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Attorney says “You have to  have a buy-sell agreement!”
How Do Buy-Sell Agreements  Get Created? ,[object Object],Exercise in future thinking Focused on adverse possible future events No one  wants to think  about dying Procrastination is the name of the game (or avoidance!) Brings up uncomfortable differences Age Capital Participation Insurability
How Do Buy-Sell Agreements  Get Created? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Potential “Trigger Events” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Get Agreement. Now.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Types of Buy-Sell Agreements Valuation Processes
1. Fixed Price Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fixed Price Agreements are often  out of date when inked!   If your client has one, update it now!
2. Formula Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],State a single formula to be applied to balance sheet and/or income statement metrics
2. Formula Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
3. Shotgun Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object],One side makes an offer Other side has a choice to sell at that price ,[object Object]
3. Shotgun Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4. Process Buy-Sell Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Multiple Appraiser Single Appraiser
4. Process Buy-Sell Agreements ,[object Object],Predictable Understandable ,[object Object],[object Object]
4. Process Buy-Sell Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Single Appraiser Select Now, Value Now Value Regularly
Recommendation   Single Appraiser Agreement Select Now, Value Now
Single Appraiser Agreement   Select Now & Value Now ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Single Appraiser Agreement   Select Now & Value Now ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2 Do You Know What Your  Buy-Sell Agreement Says?
The Six Defining Elements of    Process Buy-Sell Agreements Standard of Value Qualifications of Appraisers Level of Value Appraisal Standards The “as of” date Funding Mechanism
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Defining Element #1 –Standard of Value
Defining Element #2 – Level of Value ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Defining Element #2 – Level of Value
Defining Element #2 – Level of Value Price we hope to get if we sell the company together Price the rest of us can reasonably pay if we have to buy out someone else “ Fair market value of the (minority) interest”
Defining Element #2 – Level of Value $100 Per Share $60 Per Share $140 Per Share
Defining Element #3 – The “As Of” Date ,[object Object],Within the Industry National Economy Pricing from Guideline Cos. Comparable Transactions
Defining Element #4 – Qualifications ,[object Object],Education Credentials Experience in appraisal Size of the firm Continuing education Valuation Training Nature of firm’s business Industry experience Reputation Compliance w/Prof. Standards
Defining Element #5 – Appraisal Standards to be Followed The Institute of Business Appraisers Business Valuation Standards and Rules of Professional Conduct ASA Business Valuation Standards Principals of Appraisal Practice and Code of Ethics of the ASA Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice Professional Standards of NACVA  Other professional standards?  Specify
Defining Element #6 – Funding Mechanism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What does your buy-sell agreement say about the treatment of life insurance proceeds in the event of the death of a shareholder subject to it?
30 Questions Handout
Questions to Consider ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Questions to Consider ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Questions to Consider   Nature, Size & Ownership of Equity Parties to consider in discussions about the buy-sell agreement? Groups of shareholders and relative ownership maintenance? Active vs. passive shareholders? Restrictions under loan agreement? Multiple classes of ownership? Age of shareholders? State law considerations? ROFRs?
Potential “Trigger Events” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Questions to Consider   Financial Statements / Corporate Information ,[object Object],[object Object],Most recent fiscal year Trailing 12 months at  most recent quarter-end OR
Questions to Consider   Process Timetables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],No change Interest beyond _ days Reset the date Vote? Distributions? Dispute resolution process Will a draft be supplied to all interested parties?
Questions to Consider   Who Bears the Cost of the Appraisal(s)? ,[object Object],Both sides bear own expenses? Company pays for process?  Fairness to minority shareholders?
3 How is your Buy-Sell Agreement Funded?
Funding the Buy-Sell Agreement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],As a corporate asset  (to be included in value before determining price to be paid  to deceased shareholder)? OR
True Story: Life Insurance What happens now? Dead
Funding Mechanism What about Life Insurance Treatment    for Valuation Purposes?
Funding Mechanism What about Life Insurance Treatment    for Valuation Purposes?
The “Catfish” Story 1978 1987 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Appraiser made all parties aware of conflict between documents. Valued on enterprise and minority interest basis. Parties ultimately agreed on price very close to enterprise value
Defining Elements per BSA Fair market value “ the value of the interest” Specified Mercer Capital named ASA/USPAP through credentials of appraisers Agreement silent – no life insurance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 12.4 Defining Elements
[object Object],The Buy-Sell Audit Checklist
Questions? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Buy Sell Agreements Example Slides

  • 1. You’ll Never Think About Buy-Sell Agreements the Same Way Again Z. Christopher Mercer, ASA, CFA Mercer Capital
  • 2.
  • 3. 1 Do You Have a Buy-Sell Agreement?
  • 4.
  • 5. What Is a Buy-Sell Agreement? Buy-sell agreements are agreements by and between the shareholders (or equity partners of whatever legal description) of a privately owned business and, perhaps, the business itself They establish the mechanism for the purchase of stock following the death (or other adverse changes) of one of the owners In the case of corporate joint ventures, they also establish the value for break-ups or for circumstances calling for one corporate venture partner to buy out the other partner
  • 6. Buy-Sell Agreements Require agreement at a point in time Relate to transactions that will or may occur at future points in time Define the conditions that “trigger” the buy-sell provisions Determine the price(s) at which the specified future transactions will occur
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  • 14. Fixed Price Agreements are often out of date when inked! If your client has one, update it now!
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  • 23. Recommendation Single Appraiser Agreement Select Now, Value Now
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  • 26. 2 Do You Know What Your Buy-Sell Agreement Says?
  • 27. The Six Defining Elements of Process Buy-Sell Agreements Standard of Value Qualifications of Appraisers Level of Value Appraisal Standards The “as of” date Funding Mechanism
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  • 30. Defining Element #2 – Level of Value
  • 31. Defining Element #2 – Level of Value Price we hope to get if we sell the company together Price the rest of us can reasonably pay if we have to buy out someone else “ Fair market value of the (minority) interest”
  • 32. Defining Element #2 – Level of Value $100 Per Share $60 Per Share $140 Per Share
  • 33.
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  • 35. Defining Element #5 – Appraisal Standards to be Followed The Institute of Business Appraisers Business Valuation Standards and Rules of Professional Conduct ASA Business Valuation Standards Principals of Appraisal Practice and Code of Ethics of the ASA Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice Professional Standards of NACVA Other professional standards? Specify
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  • 40. Questions to Consider Nature, Size & Ownership of Equity Parties to consider in discussions about the buy-sell agreement? Groups of shareholders and relative ownership maintenance? Active vs. passive shareholders? Restrictions under loan agreement? Multiple classes of ownership? Age of shareholders? State law considerations? ROFRs?
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  • 45. 3 How is your Buy-Sell Agreement Funded?
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  • 47. True Story: Life Insurance What happens now? Dead
  • 48. Funding Mechanism What about Life Insurance Treatment for Valuation Purposes?
  • 49. Funding Mechanism What about Life Insurance Treatment for Valuation Purposes?
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