MIDIH (Manufacturing Industry Digital Innovation Hubs) Modern Open-Source Approaches to Software for Automation Systems: Eclipse Arrowhead & Eclipse 4DIAC

1. Webinar: &
8 July 2020

2. MODERN OPEN-SOURCE
APPROACHES TO SOFTWARE
FOR AUTOMATION SYSTEMS:
ECLIPSE ARROWHEAD &
ECLIPSE 4DIAC

3. Housekeeping
• Please keep your microphone muted
• Type your questions into the chat anytime
• Questions will be answered at the end of the webinar
• Slides will be made available on the MIDIH website
• The presentation will be recorded
• Your questions will not be made public
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4. Outline and speakers
 Introduction to MIDIH
 Service orientation and the
Arrowhead framework
 Hardware-independent logic with
IEC 61499 and the 4diac framework
 Example use cases combining
Arrowhead and 4diac
Jerker Delsing
Sandeep Patil
Marco Romanato
LTU
Georg
Neugschwandtner
fortiss
Simone Galparoli PoliMi
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5. Please let us know!
• How familiar are you with MIDIH / Arrowhead / 4diac?
(not at all – have heard of it – have worked with it – am a contributor)
• How many colleagues do you have in your company?
(0 – 1-10 – 10-50 – 50-250 – 250-500 – more)
(This poll is anonymous.)
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6. The MIDIH project
• Innovation support for manufacturing SMEs
• Open source software for data driven applications
• Improving the DIH landscape
• A network of Competence Centers
• Part of the I4MS Initiative
This project is funded by the European Union Framework Programme for
Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 under Grant Agreement No. 767498 7
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“The EU initiative to digitalise the manufacturing industry”
midih.eu

7. The MIDIH Integrated Architecture
A guide to open source software components
• … for data driven applications
• … in smart products, smart production
and the smart supply chain
Based on FIWARE and Apache Data technology
stacks + complementary technologies including
• Arrowhead as a new paradigm for
connecting automation software components
• IEC 61499 (= 4diac base standard) for
implementing automation software components
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Today: How these two work together!

8. Eclipse Arrowhead
• Set of principles and tools to design and implement
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based systems
• Primary focus of providing Internet of Things (IoT)
automation and digitalization for:
• Production of goods and services
• Smart Buildings
• Electromobility
• Energy Domain
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http://www.arrowheadproject.eu/about/arrowhead-
common-technology/arrowhead-framework/

9. Artifacts of Arrowhead – Arrowhead Local Cloud
• Provides mandatory (core) services
• Service Registry
• Authorization
• Orchestration
• Many (Sub) Application Systems that interact
with each other using these core services
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https://github.com
/arrowhead-f/core-
java-spring

10. Why Arrowhead?
• Address growing requirements:
• Enabling interoperability between IoT components
• Building Systems of Systems (SoS) from individual IoT components
• With emphasis on
• Real-time system properties
• High level of device, system and network security
• Ease of engineering within these automation systems
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11. How to use Arrowhead in your work
• Abstract IoT “things”
functionality into services
• Enabling loosely coupled data exchange
between producer and consumer systems
• Create Arrowhead local clouds
• Check for Arrowhead compliance
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The framework provides
• Integration platform
• Engineering process
• Engineering toolchains
• Engineering tools

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Released
Release candidates
Prototypes
Separately released
Secure infrastructure
Interoperability
Inter cloud service exchange
System of Systems support
Execution support
Management support
Supply chain/product life cycle
Local cloud basic properties
Engineering tools
<<system>>
SystemRegistry
<<system>>
DeviceRegistry
<<system>>
EventHandler
<<system>>
QoS
<<system>>
Translation
<<system>>
Gatekeeper
<<system>>
Gateway
<<system>>
Configuration
<<system>>
PlantDescription
<<system>>
WorkflowManager
<<system>>
WorkflowExecutor
<<system>>
ManagementTool
<<system>>
TestTool
<<system>>
Contract Proxy
<<system>>
Semantics
<<system>>
SecurityMitigation
<<system>>
SecurityManager
<<system>>
ConsumerCodeGen
<<system>>
SafetyManager
<<system>>
Choreography
<<system>>
ServiceRegistry
<<system>>
Authorisation
<<system>>
Orchestration
<<system>>
LegacyIntegration
<<system>>
Installation
<<system>>
CI/CD pipeline
<<system>>
On-boarding
<<system>>
SecurityCompliance
<<system>>
WSO2+CPN
<<system>>
OrchestrationMitigation
<<system>>
FiWare
<<system>>
OPC-UA
<<system>>
BaSyx
<<system>>
Eclipse-Keycloak
<<system>>
Eclipse-Hono
<<system>>
Eclipse-Vorto
<<system>>
Eclipse-hawkBit
<<system>>
Eclipse-Ditto
<<system>>
ModbusTCP
<<system>>
ROS
<<system>>
Eclipse-Kura
<<system>>
Eclipse-Kapua
<<system>>
SysML 1.6 profile
<<system>>
SysML 2 profile
<<system>>
SandboxingTool
Control support
<<system>>
ControlStrategy
<<system>>
CertificateAuthority
<<system>>
Python lib
<<system>>
Kalix lib (Java)
<<system>>
Evopro lib C++)
<<system>>
61499
<<system>>
Eng process
<<system>>
Tool chain interoperability
<<system>>
Training material
Arrowheadv4.1.3
<<system>>
DataManager

13. Eclipse 4diac
• Eclipse 4diac provides an open source infrastructure for distributed industrial
process measurement and control systems based on the IEC 61499 standard.
• Cross platform IDE; runtime available for many hardware platforms.
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https://www.eclipse.org/4diac/

14. IEC 61499 international standard
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DCS Function Blocks (IEC 61804 project)
Based on and
extends the
standards
A component-based, open reference architecture for
Distributed Industrial - Process Measurement & Control Systems (IPMCS)
which can meet both current and future requirements for intelligent automation
1996 – project started
2005 – first edition
2011 – second edition
PLC Function Blocks (IEC 61131-3)

15. Artifacts of IEC 61499
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16. Artifacts of IEC 61499
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Execution
Control
Execution
Control Chart
Algorithms
Internal
Variables
RSP(+)
SD_1,...,SD_m
ResourceApplication
PARAMS
INIT(+)
STATUS
INITO(+)
RD_1,...,RD_n
IND(+)
STATUS
startService
writeOutputs
readInputs
INIT(-)
STATUS
INITO(-)
endService
Basic FB Composite FB Service Interface FB

17. Execution
Control
Algorithms
Internal
Variables
Execution
Control Chart
Artifacts of IEC 61499
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Basic FB

18. Artifacts of IEC 61499
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Execution
Control
Execution
Control Chart
Algorithms
Internal
Variables
Basic FB Composite FB
RSP(+)
SD_1,...,SD_m
ResourceApplication
PARAMS
INIT(+)
STATUS
INITO(+)
RD_1,...,RD_n
IND(+)
STATUS
startService
writeOutputs
readInputs
INIT(-)
STATUS
INITO(-)
endService
Service Interface FB

19. Artifacts of IEC 61499
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RSP(+)
SD_1,...,SD_m
ResourceApplication
PARAMS
INIT(+)
STATUS
INITO(+)
RD_1,...,RD_n
IND(+)
STATUS
startService
writeOutputs
readInputs
INIT(-)
STATUS
INITO(-)
endService
Service Interface FB

20. Why IEC 61499?
Three generations of technologies:
1. Collect data from sensors distributed across geographically dispersed areas
But uses centralized processed (using a PLC)
2. Remote I/O
Using integration component architectures, such as Modbus-IDA and PROFInet-CBA
3. Genuinely (or truly) distributed automation development
Absence of centralized processing
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21. What is different?
• Event based and not scan cycle based – Deterministic
• Open Standard (XML) - Portability
• An open Function Block model – Encapsulation of Software (Reusability)
• An open device management mechanism – Configurability
• Service Interface Function Blocks - Encapsulation of Hardware Specifics
• Compliance profile - Interoperability
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22. IEC 61499 summary
• Function Blocks
• Event driven
• Component Based
• Benefits:
• More powerful abstractions than IEC 61131
• Better support for distributed control, manufacturer-independent configuration
and device management, dynamic reconfiguration
• Better software maintainability and reusability
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AH-4DIAC integration
Each conveyor belt is
driven by an IceBlock
micro PLC controller,
and has a position
sensor at the
beginning and at the
end of the belt.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-Na22__eBQ

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IceBlock?
HW Specs:
Connectivity: WiFi and Bluetooth
(currently), 5G (later this year)
Processor: ARM Cortex A8
I/O: 4 DI, 4 DO
SW:
4diac FORTE runtime
nxtControl FORTE based runtime
https://flexbridge.se/iceblock/

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Last = 0
Last = 0
ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 103
ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 101

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ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 103
ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 101

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ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 103
ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 101

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Last = 1
ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 103
ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 101

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Last = 1
ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 103
ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 101

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Last = 2
ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 103
ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 101

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ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 103
ECC of the controller
for IceBlock 101
Last = 3

32. The Arrowhead
DataManager acts as
a “data historian”,
allowing the two
controllers to share
their sensor values
and program
variables.
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Network configuration
IceBlock 101

33. AH-4diac integration: Application design
The following function blocks were designed and developed:
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1. Communication FB
2. SendTypeToDataManager
3. OutputHistorianType
(int | String)
(int | String)

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4diac system application

35. [
{
"bn" : "LAST",
"bt " : 1594139403,
"bu" : "integer",
"bver" : 1,
"sv" : 2
}
]
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AH DataManager: Sent and received data
When data are written to the
DataManager, it is important to
attach the current time.
A variable can be updated only if
the associated time is greater
than the previous one.
Service name
Current time
Data type
Version
Value

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4diac system application
FBs used to read/write the
IceBlock’s digital inputs/outputs

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4diac system application
FBs used to write/read to/from the
Arrowhead DataManager
The OutputHistorianString /
OutputHistorianInt FBs retrieve the
values of the relevant variables from the
DataManager periodically (every 100 ms).
By contrast, SendStringToDatamanager or
SendIntToDatamanager write to
Arrowhead only when the related
variable value changes.

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4diac system application
Controller FB
The application moves an object
from the beginning of one
conveyor belt to the end of the
second one and back again to the
beginning of the first belt.

39. AH-4diac integration: Summary
• Previously developed: Arrowhead version
4.1.2 Core Services integration
• Communication with Service Registry: register
new systems/services, get service endpoint
• Communication with Orchestrator, Authorization
and EventHandler core system
• Currently supported integration for
Arrowhead framework version 4.1.3:
• Read from Data Manager
• Write to Data Manager
• Future: Update AH core services integration
to Arrowhead framework version 4.1.3
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https://www.eclipse.org/4diac/en_news.php#en_news_20190612

40. MIDIH Didactic Factory deployment
Environment:
MIDIH DF at
PoliMi I4.0 lab
Didactic
Assembly Line
& Automatic
Guided Vehicle
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New functionality: PLC monitors
sensors to automatically call AGV when
supply crate needs to be replaced
Images: PoliMi
AGV Fleet Management system
developed in L4MS project

41. MIDIH Didactic Factory deployment
Environment:
MID3 MIDIH Open Call
Experiment by TTS s.r.l.
(completed previously)
Assembly Line Digital Twin
Simulation parameterized by
real-world time measurements
Communication via Arrowhead
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Images: TTS s.r.l. / PoliMi / MIDIH consortium
Provide new time
measurement
(waiting time) via AH
framework local cloud

42. • Decides based on sensor signals
when crate needs to be transported
• Measures the time it takes between
„call“ and „arrival“
MIDIH Didactic Factory deployment (to-be)
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FIWARE IDAS
OPC UA Agent
FIWARE Orion
Context Broker
L4MS
AGV Task Planner
Digital Sensors
Schedules AGV transport
task in response to request
Call request
PLC with IEC 61499 application
Integrated Arrowhead Client
Integrated OPC UA Server
24 V DI
Local Cloud
Time measurement
Images: TTS s.r.l. / PoliMi / MIDIH consortium

43. Approach benefits
• IEC 61499 application is hardware independent
• Prototyping on Raspberry Pi,
final deployment on industrial PLC
• Arrowhead client and OPC UA server
embedded on PLC
• Fewer components to manage
• PLC provides its service directly to the local cloud
• Faster, incremental integration
of new functionality
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Images: Low Voltage Labs (CC BY-SA 2.0) / fortiss
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44. Summary
• MIDIH Integrated Architecture
• Approaches to better maintainability, reusability and flexibility
of distributed automation software: Service orientation and IEC 61499
• Open-source frameworks: Eclipse Arrowhead and Eclipse 4diac
• First insight into implementation aspects
• Application example
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45. Further Reading – IEC 61499
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Alois Zoitl and Robert Lewis Valeriy Vyatkin Alois Zoitl
https://www.isa.org/store/iec-61499-function-
blocks-for-embedded-and-distributed-control-
systems-design,-third-edition-pdf/44072595
https://www.isa.org/store/real-time-
execution-for-iec-61499/116230
https://shop.theiet.org/model-
cont-syst-iec-61499-2nd

46. IEC 61499 tutorial video
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47. Further Reading – Arrowhead
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Jerker Delsing
https://www.routledge.com/IoT-Automation-
Arrowhead-Framework/Delsing/p/book/9781498756754

48. THANK
YOU!

49. Contact
For questions and suggestions
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Jerker Delsing MIDIH, Arrowhead jerker.delsing@ltu.se
Sandeep Patil 4diac, IEC 61499 sandeep.patil@ltu.se
Marco Romanato Arrowhead – 4diac integration on IceBlock marrom-9@student.ltu.se
Georg Neugschwandtner MIDIH, AH/4diac DF deployment neugschwandtner@fortiss.org
Simone Galparoli Politecnico di Milano Industry 4.0 lab simone.galparoli@polimi.it

50. Please let us know!
• Did the webinar announcement give you a good idea what to expect?
• Did the webinar content match your expectations?
• Did you find the webinar content clear and informative?
• Will you be looking further into one of the technologies presented?
• Would you recommend the webinar to someone with matching interests?
(absolutely yes – yes, somewhat – not really – absolutely not – does not apply)
What did you like? What can we improve? (via chat or https://bit.ly/3iJueoK)
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51. THANK
YOU!
YOUR QUESTIONS
& OUR ANSWERS