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CHAPTER 2: VISUAL ELEMENTS OF ART
I found I could say things with color and shapes that I couldn’t say in any other way – things I had no words for. –Georgia O’Keeffe Professor: Course/Section:
The Visual Elements of Art: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
The Language of Art ,[object Object],0
Visual Elements of Art ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
Principles of Design: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LINE… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
Definition of Line ,[object Object],[object Object]
Characteristics  of a Line ,[object Object],[object Object],0
Expressive Qualities of Line ,[object Object]
Fig 2-2 JACKSON POLLOCK. Number 14: Gray (1948). Enamel and gesso on paper. 223/4” x 31”.
Lines can be… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Line ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
Fig 2-4 A, B, and C Actual line (A) versus two kinds of implied lines, one formed by dots (B) and the other formed by psychologically connecting the edges of a series of straight lines (C).
More about line… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 2.5, p.30:  LEONARDO DA VINCI.  Madonna of the Rocks  (c. 1483). Oil on panel, transferred to canvas. 78   1⁄2 ” x  48 ” . Figure 2.6, p30:  The pyramidal structure of the  Madonna of the Rocks .
Figure 2.7 p. 31. EMILY MARY OSBORNE. Nameless and Friendless  (1834 - ?) Oil on Canvas.  34” x 44”.
Functions of Line ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
Figure 2.8, p.31:  RIMMA GERLOVINA AND VALERIY GERLOVIN.  Madonna and Child  (1992). Chromogenic print. To Give Outline and Shape
Figure 2.9, p.31:  ELIZABETH CATLETT.  Sharecropper  (1968). Color linocut. 26 ” x  22 ”. To Create Depth and Texture
Ways to create Texture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 2-12 Illusion of three-dimensionality.
Figure 2.11, p.32:  SANDRO BOTTICELLI.  The Birth of Venus  (c. 1482). Oil on canvas. 5 ’ 8   7⁄8 ” x  9 ’ 1   7⁄8 ” . To Suggest Direction and   Movement
What lines imply ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SHAPE, VOLUME AND MASS SHAPE
SHAPE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 12 JACOB LAWRENCE. Harriet Tubman Series, No. 4 (1939 - 1940) Casein tempera on gessoed hardboard. 12” x 17 7/8”.
The word  FORM  -  is often used to speak about shapes in sculpture and architecture - 3D works of art.  Figure 2.14, p.34:  HELENE BRANDT.  Mondrian Variations, Construction No. 3B with Four Red Squares and Two Planes  (1996). Welded steel, wood, paint. 22 ” x  19 ” x  17 ” .
Volume  refers to the mass or bulk of a 3D work. It is the amount of space it contains.  Fig. 2-15. GERRIT RIETVELDT. Schroeder House, Utrecht. (1924).
Mass -  In 3D art, the mass of an object refers to its bulk. Fig. 2-16 RACHEL WHITEREAD. Holocaust Memorial, Vienna (2000).
Actual Mass versus Implied Mass ,[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 2-17 MARK TANSEY. Landscape (1994). Oil on Canvas. 181.6cm x 365.8 cm.
Types of Shapes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Geometric Shapes Fig. 18 DAVID SMITH. Cubi XVIII (1964). Polished stainless steel. 9’7 3/4” x 5” x 1’ 9 3/4”.
Organic Shapes Figure 2.21, p.39:  FRANK GEHRY. Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain (1997). Figure 2.19, p.37:  FRANK GEHRY. Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain (1997).
Compare and Contrast Picasso and Colescott Rectilinear forms versus curvilinear forms presented by two artists
Figure 2.20, p.38:  PABLO PICASSO.  Les Demoiselles d’Avignon  (1907). Oil on canvas. 8 ’ x  7 ’ 8 ” .
Figure 2.21:  ROBERT COLESCOTT.  Les Demoiselles d’Alabama: Vestidas  (1985). Acrylic on canvas. 96 ” x  92 ” .
Biomorphic Shapes ,[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 2.22, p.39:  ELIZABETH MURRAY.  Tangled  (1985–1990). Oil on shaped canvas with wood. 83 1/2 x 66 x 19 in.
Positive and Negative Shapes ,[object Object],[object Object]
Figure-Ground Terminology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 26 A Rubin Vase.
Shape as Icon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 2.28, p.42:  EDWARD STEICHEN.  Rodin with His Sculptures “Victor Hugo” and “The Thinker”  (1902). Carbon print, toned.
LIGHT AND VALUE ,[object Object],[object Object]
Value ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 2-33 Value contrast.
Chiaroscuro ,[object Object]
Figure 2.35, PIERRE-PAUL PRUD’HON. La Source (c. 1801). Black and white chalk on gray paper. 21 3/16 x 15 5/18 in.
Descriptive and Expressive Properties of Value ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 2-37 p.46 LORRAINE O’GRADY Mlle Bourgeoise Noire Goes to the New Museum (1981).
COLOR ,[object Object],[object Object]
Psychological  Dimensions of Color: Hue, Value, and Saturation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Additive and Subtractive Colors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complementary versus Analogous Colors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Local versus Optical Color ,[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 2.46, p.51:  CLAUDE MONET.  Haystack at Sunset near Giverny  (1891). Oil on canvas. 28   7⁄8 ” x  36   1⁄2 ” .
Figure 2.49, p.51:  VINCENT VAN GOGH.  The Night Café  (1888). Oil on canvas. 27   1⁄2 ” x  35 ” .
Color as Symbol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Texture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
" Figure 2. 49 , p.53:  LEON KOSSOFF.  Portrait of Father, No. 2  (1972). Oil on board. 60 ” x  36 ” .
Types of Texture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 2-52 P. 54 RACHEL RUYSCH. Flower Still Life (after 1700) Oil on Canvas. 29 3/4” x 23 7/8”.
Figure 2.53, p.55:  DAVID GILHOOLY.  Bowl of Chocolate Moose  (1989). Ceramic. 10 ” x  6 ” x  7 ”  (25.4 cm  x  15.2 cm  x  17.8 cm).
Figure 2.55 p.56 MERET OPPENHEIM. Object (1936). Fur covered cup, sauser, and spoon. Overall height: 2 7/8 in.
SPACE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Overlapping ,[object Object],Fig. 2-56 Overlapping circles and arcs.
Relative Size and Linear Perspective ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 2 .58 , p.58:  NI ZAN. Rongxi Studio (Late Yuan/Early Ming dynasty, 1372 CE). Hanging scroll; ink on paper. H: 29   1⁄4 ”
The Illusion of Depth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 2-64 RAFFAELLO SANZIO (CALLED RAPHAEL). PHILOSOPHY, OR SCHOOL OF ATHENS (1509-1511). Fig. 2-65 Perspective in School of Athens.
Fig. 2-66 GUSTAVE CAILLEBOTTE. Paris Street: Rainy Day *1877). Oil on Canvas. 83 1/2” 108 1/4”. Fig. 2-67. Perspective in Caillebottoes’s Paris Street: Rainy Day.
Atmospheric Perspective ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 2. 69 , p.61:  SYLVIA PLIMACK MANGOLD.  Schunnemunk Mountain  (1979). Oil on canvas. 60 ” x  80   1⁄8 ” .
Time and Motion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 2-70 p. 62 ALEXANDER CALDER. Untitled (1972). East Building mobile.
Implied Motion ,[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 2. 71 , p.63:  GIANLORENZO BERNINI.  Apollo and Daphne  (1622–1624). Marble. 7 ’ 6 ” .
The Illusion of Motion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 2.7 4 , p.64:  THOMAS EAKINS.  Man Pole Vaulting  (c. 1884). Photograph.
UMBERTO BOCCIONI.  Dynamism of a Soccer Player  (1913). Oil on canvas. 6 ’ 4   1⁄8 ” x  6 ’ 7   1⁄8 ” .
BERNHARD JOHANNES AND ANNA BLUME.  Kitchen Tantrums  (1986–1987). Photo-piece. 51   1⁄8 ” x  35   7 / 8 ” .
Op Art  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Other Ways of Creating the Illusion of Motion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 2-76. P.65 BRIDGET RILEY. Gala. (1974). Acrylic on canvas. 5’ 2 3/4” square.

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Chapter 2

  • 1. CHAPTER 2: VISUAL ELEMENTS OF ART
  • 2. I found I could say things with color and shapes that I couldn’t say in any other way – things I had no words for. –Georgia O’Keeffe Professor: Course/Section:
  • 3.
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  • 11. Fig 2-2 JACKSON POLLOCK. Number 14: Gray (1948). Enamel and gesso on paper. 223/4” x 31”.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Fig 2-4 A, B, and C Actual line (A) versus two kinds of implied lines, one formed by dots (B) and the other formed by psychologically connecting the edges of a series of straight lines (C).
  • 15.
  • 16. Figure 2.5, p.30: LEONARDO DA VINCI. Madonna of the Rocks (c. 1483). Oil on panel, transferred to canvas. 78 1⁄2 ” x 48 ” . Figure 2.6, p30: The pyramidal structure of the Madonna of the Rocks .
  • 17. Figure 2.7 p. 31. EMILY MARY OSBORNE. Nameless and Friendless (1834 - ?) Oil on Canvas. 34” x 44”.
  • 18.
  • 19. Figure 2.8, p.31: RIMMA GERLOVINA AND VALERIY GERLOVIN. Madonna and Child (1992). Chromogenic print. To Give Outline and Shape
  • 20. Figure 2.9, p.31: ELIZABETH CATLETT. Sharecropper (1968). Color linocut. 26 ” x 22 ”. To Create Depth and Texture
  • 21.
  • 22. Fig. 2-12 Illusion of three-dimensionality.
  • 23. Figure 2.11, p.32: SANDRO BOTTICELLI. The Birth of Venus (c. 1482). Oil on canvas. 5 ’ 8 7⁄8 ” x 9 ’ 1 7⁄8 ” . To Suggest Direction and Movement
  • 24.
  • 25. SHAPE, VOLUME AND MASS SHAPE
  • 26.
  • 27. Fig. 12 JACOB LAWRENCE. Harriet Tubman Series, No. 4 (1939 - 1940) Casein tempera on gessoed hardboard. 12” x 17 7/8”.
  • 28. The word FORM - is often used to speak about shapes in sculpture and architecture - 3D works of art. Figure 2.14, p.34: HELENE BRANDT. Mondrian Variations, Construction No. 3B with Four Red Squares and Two Planes (1996). Welded steel, wood, paint. 22 ” x 19 ” x 17 ” .
  • 29. Volume refers to the mass or bulk of a 3D work. It is the amount of space it contains. Fig. 2-15. GERRIT RIETVELDT. Schroeder House, Utrecht. (1924).
  • 30. Mass - In 3D art, the mass of an object refers to its bulk. Fig. 2-16 RACHEL WHITEREAD. Holocaust Memorial, Vienna (2000).
  • 31.
  • 32. Fig. 2-17 MARK TANSEY. Landscape (1994). Oil on Canvas. 181.6cm x 365.8 cm.
  • 33.
  • 34. Geometric Shapes Fig. 18 DAVID SMITH. Cubi XVIII (1964). Polished stainless steel. 9’7 3/4” x 5” x 1’ 9 3/4”.
  • 35. Organic Shapes Figure 2.21, p.39: FRANK GEHRY. Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain (1997). Figure 2.19, p.37: FRANK GEHRY. Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain (1997).
  • 36. Compare and Contrast Picasso and Colescott Rectilinear forms versus curvilinear forms presented by two artists
  • 37. Figure 2.20, p.38: PABLO PICASSO. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907). Oil on canvas. 8 ’ x 7 ’ 8 ” .
  • 38. Figure 2.21: ROBERT COLESCOTT. Les Demoiselles d’Alabama: Vestidas (1985). Acrylic on canvas. 96 ” x 92 ” .
  • 39.
  • 40. Figure 2.22, p.39: ELIZABETH MURRAY. Tangled (1985–1990). Oil on shaped canvas with wood. 83 1/2 x 66 x 19 in.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43. Fig. 26 A Rubin Vase.
  • 44.
  • 45. Figure 2.28, p.42: EDWARD STEICHEN. Rodin with His Sculptures “Victor Hugo” and “The Thinker” (1902). Carbon print, toned.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48. Fig. 2-33 Value contrast.
  • 49.
  • 50. Figure 2.35, PIERRE-PAUL PRUD’HON. La Source (c. 1801). Black and white chalk on gray paper. 21 3/16 x 15 5/18 in.
  • 51.
  • 52. Fig. 2-37 p.46 LORRAINE O’GRADY Mlle Bourgeoise Noire Goes to the New Museum (1981).
  • 53.
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  • 58. Figure 2.46, p.51: CLAUDE MONET. Haystack at Sunset near Giverny (1891). Oil on canvas. 28 7⁄8 ” x 36 1⁄2 ” .
  • 59. Figure 2.49, p.51: VINCENT VAN GOGH. The Night Café (1888). Oil on canvas. 27 1⁄2 ” x 35 ” .
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62. " Figure 2. 49 , p.53: LEON KOSSOFF. Portrait of Father, No. 2 (1972). Oil on board. 60 ” x 36 ” .
  • 63.
  • 64. Fig. 2-52 P. 54 RACHEL RUYSCH. Flower Still Life (after 1700) Oil on Canvas. 29 3/4” x 23 7/8”.
  • 65. Figure 2.53, p.55: DAVID GILHOOLY. Bowl of Chocolate Moose (1989). Ceramic. 10 ” x 6 ” x 7 ” (25.4 cm x 15.2 cm x 17.8 cm).
  • 66. Figure 2.55 p.56 MERET OPPENHEIM. Object (1936). Fur covered cup, sauser, and spoon. Overall height: 2 7/8 in.
  • 67.
  • 68.
  • 69.
  • 70.
  • 71. Fig. 2-64 RAFFAELLO SANZIO (CALLED RAPHAEL). PHILOSOPHY, OR SCHOOL OF ATHENS (1509-1511). Fig. 2-65 Perspective in School of Athens.
  • 72. Fig. 2-66 GUSTAVE CAILLEBOTTE. Paris Street: Rainy Day *1877). Oil on Canvas. 83 1/2” 108 1/4”. Fig. 2-67. Perspective in Caillebottoes’s Paris Street: Rainy Day.
  • 73.
  • 74. Figure 2. 69 , p.61: SYLVIA PLIMACK MANGOLD. Schunnemunk Mountain (1979). Oil on canvas. 60 ” x 80 1⁄8 ” .
  • 75.
  • 76. Fig. 2-70 p. 62 ALEXANDER CALDER. Untitled (1972). East Building mobile.
  • 77.
  • 78. Figure 2. 71 , p.63: GIANLORENZO BERNINI. Apollo and Daphne (1622–1624). Marble. 7 ’ 6 ” .
  • 79.
  • 80. Figure 2.7 4 , p.64: THOMAS EAKINS. Man Pole Vaulting (c. 1884). Photograph.
  • 81. UMBERTO BOCCIONI. Dynamism of a Soccer Player (1913). Oil on canvas. 6 ’ 4 1⁄8 ” x 6 ’ 7 1⁄8 ” .
  • 82. BERNHARD JOHANNES AND ANNA BLUME. Kitchen Tantrums (1986–1987). Photo-piece. 51 1⁄8 ” x 35 7 / 8 ” .
  • 83.
  • 84.
  • 85. Fig. 2-76. P.65 BRIDGET RILEY. Gala. (1974). Acrylic on canvas. 5’ 2 3/4” square.