The document provides an overview of key Python concepts including variables, data types, operators, formatting numbers, and taking user input. It explains that variables store values in memory and have naming rules. The main data types are int, float, and string, and operators allow mathematical and logical operations. User input is taken with input() and formatted for output using format specifiers like .2f.

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Python
Input ,processing and output

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The Program Development Cycle
Design the
program
Write the
code
Correct
syntax errors
Test the
Program
Correct Logic
Errors

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Output Statement in Python
print( ) : it display the output on the screen. print() function is
built in function of python.
ex: print(“hello world”)
out put: hello world

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String and String Literals
String:
a sequence of characters that is used as data is called a string.
String Literals
When a string appears in the actual code of a program
it is called a string literal. In Python code, string literals must be
enclosed in quote marks.

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Quotes
Quotes are optional in python
Note : 1. use a single quote always in double quotes
2. use a double quote always in triple quotes

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Comments
Comments in Python start with the hash character, # , and
extend to the end of the physical line.
Example
# This program displays welcome to python programming
Print(“welcome to python programming”)

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Variable
Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store
values. This means that when you create a variable you reserve
some space in memory.
Syntax : Variable=expression
salary=12000
.

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Variable
Note:
You cannot use a variable until you have assigned a value to it
an error will occur if you try to perform an operation on a variable,
such as printing it, before it has been assigned a value.

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Variable Naming Rules
Rules:
1. You cannot use one of Python’s key words as a variable
name.
2. A variable name cannot contain spaces.
3. The first character must be one of the letters a through z, A
through Z, or an underscore character (_).
4. After the first character you may use the letters a through z or
A through Z, the digitsb0 through 9, or underscores.
5. Uppercase and lowercase characters are distinct

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Variable Naming Rules
variable name Legal or Illegal
salary legal
4sum illegal
_abcd legal
while illegal
Max salary illegal

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Variable Reassignment
Variables are called “variable” because they can reference
different values while a program is running. When you assign a
value to a variable, the variable will reference that value until you
assign it a different value.

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Variable Reassignment Example
Balance=10000
Print(“my account balance is”,Balance)
Balance=20000
Print(“my account balance is”,Balance)

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Numeric Data Types and Literals
Numeric Data types
1. Int (When an integer is stored in memory, it is classified as
an int )
2. Float (When a real is stored in memory, it is classified as
a float )
Literals
3.Str (When string literal is stored in memory, it is classified as
a string)

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Reading Input from the Keyboard
Input(): Python’s built-in input function to read input from the
keyboard.
Syntax:
Variable=input()
Note
it returns string values

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Reading Numbers with the input Function
Variable=int(input())
Ex: a=int(“enter a value”)
Variable=float(input())
Ex : avg=float(input())

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Operators
1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Comparison Operators
3. Assignment Operators
4. Logical Operators
5. Membership Operators
6. Identity Operators

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Arithmetic Operators
Symbol operation
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
// Integer division
% Remainder
** Exponent

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Comparison Operators
Symbol operation
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
<= Less than or equal to
>= Greater than equal to
< Less than
> Greater than equal

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Assignment Operators
Symbol operation
+= x=x+y is x+=y
-= x=x-y is x-=y
/= x=x/y is x/=y
//= x=x//y is x//=y
%= x=x%y is x%=y
*= x=x+y is x+=y

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Logical Operators
1. AND
2. OR
3. NOT

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Logical AND Table
1. (Logical and)
P Q P and Q
T T T
F F F
T F F
F T F

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Logical OR Table
2. (Logical OR)
P Q P or Q
T T T
F F F
T F T
F T T

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Logical NOT Operators
3. (Logical NOT)
P not P
T F
F T

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Membership Operators
1. These operators test for membership in a sequence such as
lists, strings or tuples. There are two membership operators
that are used in Python. (in, not in). It gives the result based
on the variable present in specified sequence or string

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Identity Operators
1. To compare the memory location of two objects, Identity
Operators are used. The two identify operators used in Python
are (is, is not).

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Operators Precedence
Operators (Decreasing order
of precedence)
Meaning
** Exponent
*, /, //, % Multiplication, Division, Floor division,
Modulus
+, - Addition, Subtraction
<= < > >= Comparison operators
= %= /= //= -= += *= **= Assignment Operators
is ,is not Identity operators
in not in Membership operators
not or and Logical operators

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Mixed-Type Expressions and Data Type Conversion
1. When an operation is performed on two int values, the result
will be an int.
2. When an operation is performed on two float values, the result
will be a float
3. When an operation is performed on an int and a float, the int
value will be temporarily converted to a float and the result of
the operation will be a float.

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Escape Characters
Escape Character Effect
n
t
'
’’
Causes output to be advanced to the next
line
Causes output to skip over to the next
horizontal tab position.
Causes a single quote mark to be printed.
Causes a double quote mark to be printed.
Causes a backslash character to be printed.

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Formatting Numbers
1. When a floating-point number is displayed by the print
statement, it can appear with up to 12 significant digits.
Ex: toat_marks = 100.0
avg_marks = toat_marks / 3.0
print('Average marks is',avg_marks)
Output: Average marks is 33.3333333333

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Formatting specifier
format(12345.6789, ‘.2f’)
1. .2 specifies two decimal spaces
2. The f specifies that the data type of the number we are
formatting is a floating-point number.

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Formatting in Scientific Notation
If you want to display floating-point numbers in scientific
notation, you can use the letter e or the letter E instead of f.
print(format(33.333333333333,’.1e’)
Output
3.3e+1

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Inserting Comma Separators
1. If you want the number to be formatted with comma
separators, you can insert a comma into the format specifier.
print(format(33333333.3333,’,.2f)
output
33,333,333.33

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Specifying a Minimum Field Width
1. The format specifier can also include a minimum field width,
which is the minimum number of spaces that should be used
to display the value.
Ex:
print('The number is', format(14586.6889, '12.2f'))
output
The number is 14586.68

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Formatting Integers
1. You use ‘d’ as the type designator.
2. You cannot specify precision.
Ex :
Print('The number is', format(125465,’,d’))
output
The number is 1,25,465

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