5. Sources of Air ToxicsSources of Air Toxics Stationary (Industry)
Mobile ( Car)
Stationary (Industry)
Mobile ( Car)
6. Hey, see the Six
criteria air
pollutants sets by
EPA.
7. History of Acid RainAcid RainAcid Rain
•First observed in the mid 19th century
•some people noticed that forests located downwind of large
industrial areas showed signs of deterioration
•Robert Angus Smith an English scientist observed that
acidic precipitation.
•Rain water has a pH value of 5.6 because of the carbon
dioxide from air dissolved in it .
•Any rainfall has a PH value less than 5.6 is defined as acid
rain.
9. Causes of Acid
Rain
1. The emission of harmful gases from
industrial power plants, factories, and vehicles.
2. In particular, the burning of fuels, such as natural gas,
coal, or even oil, releases oxides of
sulfur and nitrogen.
3.The burning of gasoline and diesel
in vehicles leads to building the
amount of acidified water droplets
in the atmosphere.
10. Effects of Acid Pollution
• Degrade metal pipes, leading to water
pollution
• Decrease ph of rivers, lakes, ponds.
• Fish kills
• Lungs / respiratory problems
• Decrease soil ph (more acidic)
• Plants become susceptible to
disease, parasites.
11. Solution of Acid Rain
•Burning fuel/ coal
•Scrubbers in chimneys
•Use less transportation
•Use less electrical appliances
•Efficient emission standards
•Public awareness
12. Green House Gas and Effect
• Greenhouse gas is a gas that is
relatively transparent to solar radiation,
but absorbs and emits in the infrared.
The type of radiation the earth emits.
• Some examples:
– Water vapor
– Carbon dioxide
– Nitrous oxide
– Methane
– Ozone
– Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Earth With An Atmosphere That Includes Greenhouse GasesEarth With An Atmosphere That Includes Greenhouse Gases
(infrared)
Greenhouse Gases Make the Earth Warmer by Slowing the Loss of
Infrared Radiation.
13. Green house gas sources
• Green house gas have some Anthropogenic Sources:
• Carbon Dioxide: Fossil-fuel combustion, Land-use conversion, Cement
Production
• Methane: Fossil fuels, Rice paddies, Waste dumps
• Nitrous Oxide: Fertilizer, Industrial processes, Combustion
• Tropospheric Ozone: soil fuel combustion, Industrial emissions, Chemical
solvents.
• CFC-12 :Liquid coolants, Foams
• HCFC-22 :Refrigerants
• Sulfur Hexafluoride: Dielectric fluid
14. The percentage (%) rate the incoming
solar radiation
• A portion of the energy (26%) is reflected or scattered back to
space
• 19% of the energy is absorbed by the clouds and gases like
ozone
• 55%of the energy passing through the earth’s atmosphere
• 4% is reflected from the surface back to the space
• on average about 51% of the sun’s radiation reaches the surface.
15. What is Global Warming?
Why Global warming alarming!
• Global warming is the rise in temperature
of the earth's atmosphere.
• The atmosphere's made up of layers of
gases, some of which are called
'greenhouse gases'. They're mostly
natural and make up a kind of thermal
blanket over the earth.
• This lets some of the rays back out of the
atmosphere, keeping the earth at the
right temperature for animals, plants and
humans to survive.
• So some global warming is good. But if extra
greenhouse gases are made, the thermal
blanket gets thicker and too much heat is kept
in the earth's atmosphere. That's why global
warming's bad (Alarming).
16. Consequences of Global Warming
• If Earth gets hotter, some of the important
changes could happen:
1. Sea level rise
2. Water resource change
3. Effects on agriculture
4. Effects on air quality
5. Impacts on human health
6. Biodiversity
.
21. Effects
• Ozone irritates eyes and plants
• PANs damage plants & eyes
• Eye, nose and throat irritations
• Damage rubbers and fabrics
22. Control of Pollution
Ban smoking.
Steps to minimize toxins from carpets, tiles, stones
etc.
Have large windows to exchange air
By burning low sulfur coal/remove sulfur from coal.
By replacing too old engines.
31. Western countries has continued to improve over the past
decades.
Developing countries have left air quality in many cities
notoriously poor.
Estimated to cause 1.3 million deaths worldwide per year.
Air pollution come from particulate matter less than 2.5
μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3).
Excessive O3 exposure is known to increase respiratory
morbidity.
32. In the U.S.,50,000 deaths per year and costs as much as $40
billion a year in health care and lost productivity.
Lakes, streams, and estuaries are dying because of acid rain.
In Bombay, simply breathing is equivalent to smoking half a pack
of cigarettes a day.
Mexico City has been declared a hardship post for diplomats
because of its unhealthy air.
“Concern for human health led to the world's first control laws, air
pollution poses an equally grave threat to the environment," said
French.
33. Delhi, India.
Patna, India.
Gwalior, India.
Raipur, India.
Karachi, Pakistan.
Peshawar, Pakistan.
Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Khorramabad, Iran.
Ahmadabad, India.
Lucknow, India
34. Air pollution is a serious environmental health hazard
affecting the populations of Bangladesh.
One of the major sources of air pollution in urban areas of
Bangladesh is due to the unburned fuel from two stroke
engine vehicles.
Dhaka has been rated as one of the most polluted cities
of the world.
