Personalized Medicine

1. Personalized Medicine
A Dream or Reality??

2. Flow of Presentation
 Why need personalized medicine?
 What’s Pharmacogenomics?
 Genetics and Therapeutics
 On Going Research
 Future Insights
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3. One Size Doesn’t Fit All..
 Every year in the USA 2 million people die due
to adverse drug effects
 Drug efficacy is only in 60 % of the
population
 Other 40 % have poor drug effects or no
effect at all
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4. 4
What to Do??

5. The answer is..
Pharmacogenomics
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6. Pharmecogenomics and
Pharmecogenetics
 Pharmacogenetics
— A discrete inherited trait related to drug absorption and
disposition, as well as response
 Pharmacogenomics
— The application of genome-wide SNP scans and gene
expression analyses
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7. Pharmacogenomics shows how genes determine
individual variability to drug response and for
Pharmacists it would be easy to predict how a
patient may respond to drug, with the help of a
genetic test before prescribing a drug
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Importance !!
Made-to-Order
Drugs

8. Drug Response..
 Same dose does not produce the same concentrations
among patients due to inter-patient differences in
absorption and metabolism
 Toxicity: Ability of a drug to make a person sick
 Genetic variations have influence on efficacy and
toxicity of drugs
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9. Drugs Effects
on Variants
9… and harmful to some

10. Human Genome Diversity
 0.1% difference in genome influences the response to
drugs
 SNPs
 SNPs are powerful Tools
 SNPs screening will help in prescription
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“Right drug at the right dose in the right patient”

11. What Makes it Possible?
 Human genome sequencing
 New technologies facilitate
handling of data
 A lot of investment in public and
private sector
 The future of medicine – so called
Personalized Medicine
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12. Ongoing Research on CYP
 Cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes
 Important drug metabolozing enzymes
 Bioactivation and metabolism of approximately 75% of
drugs gives CYPs prominence in pharmacogenetics
research
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13. Here’s My Sequence ...
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14. More Business in Future..
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$
 Develop new therapies
 Incorporation of genetic information into the
diagnosis of disease and prescription of
drugs

15. IdeaIdea
11-15 Years11-15 Years
Marketed DrugMarketed Drug
The route to a new medicine … is a long one
… and an expensive one !!
It costs >$800 million to get a drug to market
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Pre-screening should allow clinical trials to be smaller, faster,
and less expensive; therefore, the consumer could benefit in
reduced drug costs.

16. In today's world, only 30-60% of drugs work effectively.
However, in future the success rate of drugs will increase to
100%, curing all patients.
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17. S M A R T C A R D
(Confidential)
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In your wallet May be by 2050..

18. Bioethics
 Unequal distribution of
resources
 Invasion of medical privacy
 Discrimination due to the
involvement of genetic tests
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19. Bottom Line !!
 The field of Pharmacogenomics is rapidly
evolving and it shows how drugs work in
different patients
 Pharmacogenomic approaches have the
potential to provide clinical benefits
 It will help in pharmaceutical industry in
future
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