Robotics Starter Guide - Dream School Here you will get an overview of the field of Robotics. What is Robotics? Fundamentals of Robotics, Application of Robotics. What is Machine Learning? What is Artificial Intelligence? What is Computer Vision and more. This is a very basic starter guide to give you an understanding of the field. If you want to learn more in-depth, please visit www.dreamschool.xyz

1. Get to know Robotics {our} way
Robotics
Starter Guide
Mahadi Hasan Meem

2. Table Of Contents
What is Robotics?
What are Robots?
Importance of Robotics
History of Robots
Types of Robots
Categorizing Robots
Application of Robots
Fundamentals of Robotics
Comparison with Humans
What are Sensors?
What are Actuators?
The brain of the Robots
Power Systems of the Robots
Signal Systems of the Robots
Programming the Robots
What is Computer Vision?
What is Machine Learning?
What is Arti cial Intelligence?
What is Kinematics and Inverse Kinematics?
Design & Build Strategy
Arduino introduction
Raspberry Pi Introduction
References

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Robotics is an interdisciplinary
sector of science and engineering
dedicated to the design,
construction, and use of
mechanical robots. Our guide will
give you a concrete grasp of
robotics, including different
types of robots and how they're
being applied across industries.
1. Safety
2. Speed
3. Consistency
4. Perfection
5. Happier Employees
6. Job Creation
7. Savings
A robot is a machine - especially one
programmable by a computer - capable
of carrying out a complex series of
actions automatically
The importance of Robotics is enormous in this age of the Fourth
Industrial Revolution for our World.
What is Robotics?
What is a Robot?>
Importance of Robotics
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Let's check out the history of robots. Starting from the Early Rossum's Play of
Universal Robots to now.
Generally, there are ve types of robots:
1) Pre-Programmed Robots. Pre-programmed robots operate in a
controlled environment where they do simple, monotonous tasks. ...
2) Humanoid Robots. Humanoid robots are robots that look like and/or
mimic human behavior.
3) Autonomous Robots.
4) Teleoperated Robots.
5) Augmenting Robots.
History of Robots
Types of Robots
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Robots can be categorized according to their purposes of use. People don't like
these types of works. Robots can now help us with their increased capabilities.
Who likes to do Dirty tasks? For
example, sewage cleaning, waste
management are some of the tasks
that not everyone wants to do.
People also get bored doing the same
tasks again and again. Monotonous tasks
decrease productivity, decrease focus.
Tasks in the production line are better to
be automated with the help of robots.
Also, the tasks which cause health
hazards are best suited to Robots.
Tasks like, demining robots, space
robots, underwater robots,
material handling robots, and
more.
Categorizing Robots
Dumb
Dangerous
Dirty
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Helping ght forest res
Working alongside humans in manufacturing plants (known as co-bots)
Robots that offer companionship to elderly individuals
Surgical assistants
Last-mile package and food order delivery
Autonomous household robots that carry out tasks like vacuuming and
mowing the grass
Assisting with nding items and carrying them throughout warehouses
Used during search-and-rescue missions after natural disasters
Landmine detectors in war zones
Warehouserobotics refers to theuseof
automated systems, robots, and specialized
softwareto transport materials, perform
various tasks and streamline/automate
warehouseprocesses
An industrial robot is a robot system used
for manufacturing. Industrial robots are
automated, programmable, and capableof
movement on threeor moreaxes.
Roboticwelding is oneof themost
common roboticapplications in the
industrial sector, being driven mainly by
theautomotivesector for thelast
several decades. Roboticwelding is
most productivewhen completing high-
volume, repetitivewelding tasks.
Application of Robots
Warehouse Robots
Welding Robots
Industrial Robots
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Military robots are autonomous robots
or remote-controlled mobile robots
designed for military applications, from
transport to search & rescue and
attack.
Drones are a form of Robots too.
Military operations like search &
Rescue and surveying are usually done
with Robots.
Robot painting produces top-quality
results. Once properly programmed,
an industrial painting robot can apply
material without leaving behind drips,
inconsistencies, overspray, etc. Paint
and/or coating is applied precisely and
consistently.
Robots in medicine help by relieving medical personnel from routine tasks, that
take their time away from more pressing responsibilities, and by making
medical procedures safer and less costly for patients.
Military Robots
Healthcare Robots
Painting Robots
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Consumer robots and robotic devices are developed for use by the general
public, mostly in a domestic or personal environment. Many of them are
designed for everyday chores such as household robots, vacuum robots, lawn
mowing robots, pool cleaning robots, etc.
A humanoid robot is a robot with its
body shape built to resemble the human
body. The design may be for functional
purposes, such as interacting with human
tools and environments, for experimental
purposes, such as the study of bipedal
locomotion, or for other purposes. In
general, humanoid robots have a torso, a
head, two arms, and two legs, though
some forms of humanoid robots may
model only part of the body, for example,
from the waist up. Some humanoid
robots also have heads designed to
replicate human facial features such as
eyes and mouths. Androids are humanoid
robots built to aesthetically resemble
humans.
A rescue robot is a robot designed to aid in the search and rescue of humans.
They may assist rescue efforts by searching, mapping, removing rubble,
delivering supplies, providing medical treatment, or evacuating casualties.
Consumer Robots
Humanoid Robots
Search & Rescue Robots
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Ther Robots that are in
research & development by
organizations, institutions for
different purposes. Like,
agriculture robots, security
robots, and more.
A self-driving car, also known as an autonomous vehicle, driverless car, or robo-car,
is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little or
no human input. In the future, self-driving cars are going to reduce traf c jams. There
is a huge potential for innovation on the roads. The Cars simply use sensors to sense
their environments and move accordingly after interpreting the data.
R&D Robots
Self-driving cars
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Human beings can sense with their senses, Robots can do that with the help of a
type of component known as Sensors. Human beings can think with their brains,
Robots can do that with Microprocessors. And human beings can act or react
using their arms, legs, or any other mechanisms, Robots can do that with a type
of component known as an Actuator.
Robots follow this principle. First, they sense, Then they plan and then they
act. They have multiple components in their system that perform each of these
tasks.
Fundamentals of Robotics
Comparison with humans
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Sensors are devices that can
sense signals from the
environment. There are
sensors that can sense light, heat,
temperature, humidity, pressure,
pulses, and many more things.
Actuators are devices that can
actuate/react to the signals from
the brain of the robots. There are
different types of Actuators out
there. Check out the most
common ones on the picture left.
The brain of the robot is where the
robot thinks. That is perform all
logical reasoning and calculations. It
is the Microprocessors where they
process the data and get meaningful
information out and act accordingly.
What are Sensors?
What are Actuators?
Brain of the Robots
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Robots and autonomous systems have been equipped with enhanced
features over the past decade, thanks to the advances in signal
processing, which provides ef cient and appropriate analysis of sensor
data and enables autonomy.
A robot isn't going anywhere without
juice. Your body uses a complex
process of breaking down food into
chemicals that it then converts to
energy for powering muscles, organs,
and other systems. In robots, a
number of different substances are
used to give a robot its get-up-and-
go.
1. AC Current 2. Batteries 3. Solar
Cells 4. Pressure systems 5. Other
power sources.
Power Systems
Signal Systems
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The Robot Operating System (ROS) is a flexible framework for writing robot
software. It is a collection of tools, libraries, and conventions that aim to simplify
the task of creating complex and robust robot behavior across a wide variety of
robotic platforms.
Programming of robots is basically giving instructions to robots to perform
certain tasks. It has to be logical. We need to understand that robots are just like
babies, they need to be given speci c instructions and need to be taught how to do
things.
Programming of Robots
ROS
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Arti cial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned
with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require
human intelligence. AI is an interdisciplinary science with multiple approaches, but
advancements in machine learning and deep learning are creating a paradigm shift
in virtually every sector of the tech industry.
Tasks in Computer Vision
Optical character recognition (OCR)
Machine inspection
Retail (e.g. automated checkouts)
3D model building (photogrammetry)
Medical imaging
Automotive safety
Match move (e.g. merging CGI with live
actors in movies)
Motion capture (mocap)
Surveillance
Fingerprint recognition and biometrics
Computer Vision, often abbreviated as CV, is de ned as a eld of study that
seeks to develop techniques to help computers “see” and understand the
content of digital images such as photographs and videos.
What is Computer Vision?
What is Arti cial Intelligence?
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Kinematics is the study of motion without
considering the cause of the motion, such as
forces and torques.
Inverse kinematics is the use of kinematic
equations to determine the motion of a robot
to reach the desired position.
For example, to perform automated bin picking, a robotic arm needs precise
motion from an initial position to the desired position between bins and
manufacturing machines. The grasping end of a robot arm is designated as the
end-effector. Robots then have to calculate the movement needed to perform
the desired tasks and go back to the previous positions.
Machine learning is an application of arti cial intelligence (AI) that provides systems
the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being
explicitly programmed. Machine learning focuses on the development of computer
programs that can access data and use it to learn for themselves.
The primary aim is to allow the
computers to learn automatically
without human intervention or
assistance and adjust actions
accordingly.
But, using the classic algorithms of
machine learning, the text is
considered as a sequence of
keywords; instead, an approach
based on semantic analysis mimics
the human ability to understand the
meaning of a text.
What is Machine Learning?
What is Kinematics & Inverse Kinematics?
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Next up in making our prototype is the Electronic circuit design. The graphical
way to represent the Circuit elements and connection is known as Schematics.
Many software is available where
you can design a 3D Model. Some
common ones are, Solidworks,
Autodesk Fusion 360. There is a
website version for CAD design
known as TinkerCAD. A site where
you can design basic 3D Objects.
1. Is it going to have Movement?
2. What Sensors to use?
3. How to Program for desired
functions?
4. Is it working properly as intended?
Next, we have to design a sketch, when the
sketch is nalized we have to do a 3D
Model of the Robot with dimensions.
(length, width of the parts) and to get a
better feel of how our robot is going to
look.
To design a robot rst, we have to decide on the purpose and functions of the
robot. What is it going to do? Ask these questions to get clear.
Design & Build Strategy
Electronics & Schematics:
3D Design
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Arduino MCU is a common microcontroller to get started with Robotics and IoT.
This board will act as the Brain of our Robots for now. Arduino is quite
affordable and available in almost every country.
Raspberry Pi is a MPU, Micro Processor Unit, that is a mini Computer.
Raspberry Pi will be used for little advanced robots, where we can use ROS
(Robot Operating System) to manage the activities of our Robots. The
Processing power of Raspberry pi is more than the Arduino Microcontrollers,
Arduino MCU
Raspberry Pi
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References:
https://www.searchenginejournal.com/generate-structured-data-
automatically-computer-vision/373940/
https://www.dcvelocity.com/articles/50224-warehouse-robots-earn-
their-diplomas
https://www.robots.com/articles/arc-welding-101
https://www.researchgate.net/ gure/A-summary-of-different-energy-
sources-for-robotics-Power-generators-which-include-
fuel_ g4_322859319
https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/
https://la.mathworks.com/discovery/inverse-kinematics.html
https://www.tinkercad.com/
https://www.vector4free.com/free-vectors/hand-drawn-robot
https://www.faulhaber.com/en/markets/factory-automation-
robotics/sewer-robot/
https://singularityhub.com/2019/12/02/alphabet-is-developing-a-robot-
to-take-over-boring-everyday-tasks/
https://www.army-technology.com/projects/uran-6-mine-clearing-robot/
https://builtin.com/arti cial-intelligence
https://machinelearningmastery.com/what-is-computer-vision/
https://www.newtechsociety.org/the-importance-of-robotics-in-the-
world-today-and-the-future/
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