DNA finger-printing

1. DNA Fingerprinting for genetic
diversity analysis
PRESNTED BY
Majid Khuda bakhsh

2. DNA fingerprinting
A method of identifying an individual by
unique characteristics of the DNA
“Or”
A test to identify and evaluate the genetic
information

3. History
Alec Jeffreys developed the method of DNA
fingerprinting in his research on variability
This method was termed ‘DNA
Fingerprinting’ first time in 1987 to solve two
rape/murder cases in the UK

4. Why DNA fingerprinting
Almost every cell in our body contains our DNA
On average, about 99.9 per cent of the DNA
between two individuals is the same
The remaining percentage is what makes it unique
(unless you are an identical twin!).
Although this might sound like a small amount
But in this 1% contains around 3 million Bp which
help in differentiating between two individuals
.

5. Application of DNA Finger-printing
 Forensics
 Paternity Tests
 Medicine
 PLANTS AND ANIMALS

6. The steps of DNA fingerprinting
Step#1
Collection of DNA sample
 Blood
 Tissue
 Saliva
 Hair

7. Step#2
•Cells are broken down to release DNA
• If only a small amount of DNA is available it
can be amplified using the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR)

8. Step#3
CUTTING, SIZING AND SORTING
• Special enzymes called restriction enzymes
are used to cut the DNA at specific places
• Each restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a
specific base sequence.

9. Step#4
• Fragments are separated on the basis of size
using a process called gel electrophoresis.
• DNA fragments are injected into wells and an
electric current is applied.

10. A radioactive
material is
added which
combines
with the DNA
fragments to
produce a
fluorescent image

11. Step#5
• The pattern of fragments are transferred to a
nylon membrane by a process called Southern
blotting
• Place the sheet on the gel
and soaking them overnight

12. Result

13. Question
• How DNA finger printing is used for analyses
of genetic diversity?

14. DNA finger printing and genetic
diversity
• To analyze the genetic diversity by DNA finger
printing the molecular markers are used.
Restriction
Fragment
Length
Polymorphism
Amplified
Fragment Length
Polymorphism
Random
Amplification
Polymorphic
DNA
Single Sequence
Repeats
Inter Simple
Sequence
Repeats

15. Analysis of genetic diversity in
earthworms
Morphological and molecular characterizations of
24 earthworm individuals collected from
geographically diverse locations to assess the
level of genetic variation
DNA markers RAPD, ISSR
95.7%, 96.7% and 98.3% polymorphism
respectively
Refernce Zoolog Sci
10.2108/zsj.28.25

16. Genetic variation in sheep
• Genes of the 12 animals from four sheep flocks
• Greater diversity between the flocks than within
the flocks
Refence: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

17. Conclusion

18. References
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
www.sciencedirect.com
www.researchgate.net
www.brighthub.com
sciencing.com