Suspension system - CSVTU Automobile Engg.Mech 7th sem

1. Automobile
Engineering
Unit -1
Part -2
Manish RK Sahu
Asst. Professor
Department of Mechanical Engg.
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2. Contents
 Introduction
 Objectives of suspension System
 Types of Suspension System
 Springs
 Dampers
 Torsion Bar
 Hotchkiss Drive
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3. Introduction
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Suspension System ??
Suspension is the system of tires, tire
air, springs, shock absorbers and
linkages that connects a vehicle to its
wheels and allows relative motion
between them.

4. Introduction
The primary functions of the suspension
system include -
-maximizing the contact between the
tires and the road surface,
-providing steering stability and good
handling,
- evenly supporting the weight of the
vehicle
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5. Terminology
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6. Introduction
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Sprung Weight
Unsprung Weight
Suspension
System

7. Basic Parts
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1. Control Arm : - A movable lever
that fastens the steering knuckle to
the vehicle’s body or frame.
2. Steering Knuckle : - It provides a
spindle or bearing support to the
wheel hub, bearings and wheel
assembly.

8. Basic Parts
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3. Shock Absorber or Damper : - A
Shock Ab is a mechanical device
designed to absorb and damp shock
impulses.
4. Control Arm Bushing : - They
cushion the suspension system which
in turn controls noise and vibrations

9. Basic Parts
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5. Ball Joints: - Swivel joints that allow
control arm and steering knuckle to
move up and down and side to side.
6. Springs : - Support the weight of
the vehicle, permits the control arm
and wheel to move up and down.

10. Objectives
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• To provide good ride and handling performance
• To ensure that steering control is maintained
during maneuvering.
• To ensure that the vehicle responds favorably to
control forces produced by the tires.
• To provide isolation from high frequency
vibration from tire excitation.

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Types of Suspension System
1
•Rigid Suspension System
2
•Independent Suspension
System

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Rigid Suspension System
A Rigid (Dependent) suspension system has a solid axle that goes
across the width of the frame. It allows the wheels on both the left and
the right side to be connected and operate together as a team. If one
side of the car bends to a given direction the other side will follow
along because of the dependency.

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Independent Suspension System
Independent suspension is any automobile suspension system that
allows each wheel on the same axle to move vertically (i.e. reacting to
a bump on the road) independently of the others.

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Independent Suspension System
Independent
Suspension System
MacPherson
Strut
Wishbone
Type

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Air Suspension System
Air suspension is a type of
vehicle suspension powere
d by an electric or engine-
driven air pump
or compressor. This
compressor pumps the air
into a flexible bellows,
usually made from textile-
reinforced rubber.

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Assignment
Torsion Beam Rear
Suspension System

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Springs
A suspension spring serves two purposes –
 It acts as a buffer between the suspension and frame.
Each spring transfers vehicle weight to the suspension
components, which transfers it to the wheels.
Spring material – Tempered steel alloy (Chrome silicon
or chrome-vanadium alloy)

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Types of Springs
1. Coiled Spring
Used in all kinds of vehicle as shock absorber
2. Leaf Spring
Used only in heavy duty vehicles.

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Coiled Springs
Coiled springs are made of special round spring steel
wrapped in a helix shape.
A coiled spring is Stiffer if –
1.It has large dia.
2.Short Height
3.Less no. of coils

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Leaf Springs
It is originally called Laminated and carriage spring.
Sometimes it is referred as Semi-Elliptic spring or cart
spring.
Used in
Heavy
Motor
Vehicles
Reinforced
Bow like
Structure

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Construction

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Leaf Spring Mountings

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Manufacturing Process

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Manufacturing Process

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Manufacturing Process

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Material Used

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Helper Spring
A helper spring is a suspension enhancement product engineered to
enhance, support, and help various types of original equipment
suspension.
There are two basic types of helper springs: steel springs and
pneumatic springs.

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Torsion Bar
The torsion bar is basically a length of metal rod anchored at one end
to the car body and at the other end to the suspension lower link. As
the wheel passes over a bump the bar twists. It returns to its original
position when the bump is passed and restores the car to its normal
drive height.

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Advantages of Torsion Bar
1.Torsion bar suspension are soft ride due
to elasticity of the bar, durability, easy
adjustability of ride height, and small
profile along the width of the vehicle.
2.It takes up less of the vehicle's interior
volume than coil springs.

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Disadvantages of Torsion Bar
1. Torsion bars, unlike coil springs, usually cannot provide a
progressive spring rate. In most torsion bar systems, ride
height (and therefore many handling features) may be
changed by simply adjusting bolts that connect the torsion
bars to the steering knuckles.
2. In most cars with this type of suspension, Longitudinal
torsion bars extend under the passenger compartment,
cutting into interior space by raising the floor, while in
transverse systems, torsion bar length is limited by vehicle
width.
3. More inertia effect due to lot of nuts and bolts.

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Telescopic Damper (Shock absorber)
A shock absorber or damper is a
mechanical or hydraulic device
designed to absorb
and damp shock impulses. It
does this by converting
the kinetic energy of the shock
into another form of energy
(typically heat) which is then
dissipated. Most shock
absorbers are a form
of dashpot (a damper which
resists motion via viscous
friction).

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Construction
Main components –
1.Inner Cylinder
2.Outer Reservoir
3.Piston
4.Eyes
5.Protecting cover
6.Foot valve
7.Piston valve

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Working