1. Consequences Of
Favoring the MINORITY
&
Marginalizing the MAJORITY
– in the “Indian Democracy”!!
Presented by: Romi Roy
Senior Urban Designer, UTTIPEC DDA Delhi
Spl. Invitee, Masterplan Review Committee under LG, Delhi
Member, High Court Special Task Force on Transportation under CS
Member, Technical Committee on Urban Drainage, GNCTD, Delhi
Spl. Invitee, LAP Monitoring Committee, MCD Delhi
Member, Sub-Committee on Sustainable Habitat, MoUD
Member of Committees, Indian Road Congress
22 Dec 2012
2. Who are the Roads for ??
Pedestrians + As Many as 20 Types of Vehicles
3. Delhi Modal Share
35% of Trips
are Walk Only!
Private modes
BICYCLE
4% CAR/TAXI 27%
Walk 9%
35%
WALK
35% 2W
14%
CYCLE RICKSHAW
2%
BUS
TRAIN (IR) 27%
1%
AUTO RICKSHAW
5% METRO
3%
Public modes In addition,
38% all Public Transport
trips include walk!
Source: RITES Transport Demand Forecast Study for DoT, GNCTD, 2010
4. Delhi Modal Share
Only 23% of the city’s people use private vehicles (car/2-wheeler).
Yet almost all infrastructure investments in the city are made for this MINORITY!
Private modes
BICYCLE
4% CAR/TAXI 27%
Walk 9%
35%
WALK
35% 2W
14%
CYCLE RICKSHAW
2%
BUS
27%
TRAIN (IR)
1%
AUTO RICKSHAW
5% METRO
3%
Public modes
38%
Source: RITES Transport Demand Forecast Study for DoT, GNCTD, 2010
5. 35% people of Delhi own CYCLES !! But only 4% of trips are by
cycle – because its unsafe and dangerous to use them!
Vehicle Ownership in
Private Vehicle Ownership (%) Private Vehicle Trips (%)
Delhi
60
50
47.9
40 43.4 40
35 38
30 35 30 35
25
20 20
19.4 15
10 10 14
5 9
4
0 0
Source: RITES Transport Demand Forecast Study for DoT, GNCTD, 2010
22. Now they are “invisible” so they have no rights to road space
and are at the mercy of motor vehicles!!
23. Cycle tracks are sometimes constructed, but wrongly so!!
Therefore they land up being “encroached” by motor vehicles
while cycles/ rickshaws remain on road!!
24. Samarthyam (an NGO) conducted Audit of one such road.
MCD Engineers
Police said they
were not aware
that the track
constructed here
Police
was for Cycles &
Rickshaws… !!
MCD engineers
said they were not
aware of the
UTTIPEC or IRC
design standards
for footpaths &
cycle tracks…!!
Samarthyam
26. How can a rickshaw get on
an 11-inch high cycle track,
11-
even with a ramp ???
They can’t!! Therefore….
27. ….the Track meant for Cycles/rickshaws
is being used for Car-parking comfortably!!
Car-
28. The physically disabled person with us could barely be
pushed up on the footpath/ cycle track. Slope here is 1:2 !!
29. Message we are giving to people through our Road Design:
• If you are a car user, the Road is for you. You get first priority to do
whatever you like.
• If you are a Pedestrian, you are “At you Own Risk”. If possible, install
eyes at the back of your head.
• If you are running a cycle-rickshaw, you are illegal and there is no
space for you on the road. Be thankful we are not throwing you out.
• If you are on a cycle, again, “At your Own Risk”.
• If you are old or even slightly physically challenged, STAY AT HOME!
CLICK NEXT >
31. Some good examples…. The BRT corridor….
Planned/ designed respectable spaces for pedestrians,
cyclists, auto-parking as well as motor-vehicles !!
auto- motor-
32. Some good examples…. The BRT corridor….
A simple table-top crossing lets a cyclist move freely across
table-
driveway, without hampering the car’s movement!!
34. • 60% of Trips in Delhi are below 4 KMs.
60%
Cycles, Cycle-rickshaws & Walking
are the ideal modes for short 1-4 km Trips.
Average Trip Lengths
by M ode: Delhi
120
100 Average Trip
Mode Length (KM)
80
% of Trips
•Car 10.5
60 •2W 8.7
40 •Auto Rickshaw 4.7
20 •Bus 8.8
•Metro 13.8
0
•Train (IR) 20.2
•Bicycle 4
•Cycle Rickshaw 1.7
Trip lengths in KM
60-70%
60- •Walk 1.1
trips 34
Source: RIT ES T ransport Demand Forecast Study for DoT , GNCT D, 2010
35. For a 3 km trip, car bicycle BRT metro
Buses & Cycle are
most efficient PT
3
modes.
walk
2.5
2
Distance, km
1.5
1
Metro Walking
0.5 Bicycling BRT
2-Wheeler/car
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time, minutes
Source: Created by IIT Delhi + iT rans
36. NMT inclusive Planning –
Where do you need it?
Schools
• 3 km buffer around
schools of Sec. and
Sr. Sec schools.
(Schools marked From
. Eicher City
Map, Edition 2)
• The Catchment area
of education based
trips.
Legend
School
railway line
NCTD Boundary
Source: TRIPP/IIT Delhi
yamuna watercourse
IGI airport
forests and ridge
Buffer School
0 3 6 12 18 24 ±
Kilometers
37. Trips origin: slums
• Distributions of JJ
Clusters in Delhi
• There is direct
relation between the
density of these
poor households
and the number of
cycle trips origin.
Legend
JJC_Point
POPULATION
0 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 400
401 - 800
801 - 1600
±
1601 - 10000
nctd line
railway line
Source: TRIPP/IIT Delhi yamuna watercourse
0 2 4 8 12 16
38. NMT trips destination:
shops, MLU, CSC, DC, Wholesale areas
• Major Commercial
Centres, District
Centres, -18%
• Shops / Mixed Land
Use and Wholesale
areas -23%
• These are spread all
over urban area as
major destination for
poor urban workers
Legend
using cycles for upto
20km per day Shops / Mixed Landuse
district centers
C.S. Center s
±
wholesale areas
yamuna watercourse
rai lway line
0 2 4 8 12 16
nctd line Kilometers
Source: Figure 4.17 Shows locations of major Commercial Centres, District Centres, Shops /
/TRIPP/IIT Delhi Mixed Land Use and Wholesale areas
39. NMT destination: manufacturing
areas and govt. offices
• 21% of cycle n
work- trips have
factory destination
and travel up to
10 km in a day n
n
• about 35% have
offices (Govt. and n n
Pvt.) as their
destination and Legend
n nn n
n
n
travelling upto 10 n govt landuse
km per day railway line
NCTD Boundary
n
yamuna watercourse
govt. landuse
manufacture
±
IGI airport
forests and ridge
Buffer_of_manufacture
0 3 6 12 18 24
Buffer_of_govt_landuse
Source: TRIPP/IIT Delhi Kilometers
40. Walking & Cycle-rickshaws are the most
Cycle-
important Feeders to Metro/ BRT Stations.
Mode used to Reach Metro Stations:
MODE FROM ORIGIN TO METRO FROM METRO TO DESTINATION
Walk 61% 78%
Cycle Rickshaw 12% 9%
Two Wheeler 11% --
Auto 8% 8%
Bus 5% 5%
Car/Taxi 3% 1%
Source: RITES Transport Demand Forecast Study: May 2008
Yet NO Metro Station provides authorized
cycle-
cycle-rickshaw parking !! 40
41. Policy Recommendation 2:
• Improve Supply & Service by IPT.
• Provide authorized Parking.
auto taxi rickshaw
• A Car serves one person a day & occupies minimum 3 parking
spaces throughout the city.
• An IPT mode occupies only one parking space, and
serves multiple people throughout the day.
41
42. 12th Plan Strategies to
promote IPT:
1. Provide More IPT Choices
2. Provide organized IPT Parking at all
Metro Stations & along all Roads.
43. Road Safety is Low.
The reasons for all accidents are:
1. Signal free high speed corridors.
2. Insufficient/ No pedestrian Crossing facilities.
3. Central verge without grills.
4. No speed breakers/ rumble strips on long stretches.
5. Absence of dedicated lanes for slow moving
vehicles.
6. Heavy volume of traffic.
7. Glaring during night etc.
Wazirabad Road Pedestrians
G. T. Road Two Wheelers
• There are more than 2100 Najafgarh Road Self
accidents occurred during 2010. Mahrauli Badarpur Road
N. H.-8
• The maximum casualty in the
fatal accidents are pedestrians, Mathura Road
cyclists & 2 wheelers. G T K Road
Rohtak Road
• The maximum accidents have
occurred during the lean hours both Outer Ring Road
in the morning & night. Ring Road
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Fatal Accidents in 2010
Source: Delhi Traffic Police
45. How are Car-oriented Infrastructure
Car-
Impacting us?
• Making motor vehicle movement smoother for a few years,
before jams take over.
• Making it impossible/ very difficult to cross roads on foot!
• Making cycles & cycle-rickshaws move contra-flow, thus
endangering their lives.
• Making it impossible/ difficult to interchange between different
bus routes near junctions.
• Creating environments suitable for eve-teasing and heinous
crimes like Rape!
• In long run, increased car use leads to Congestion again,
while use of all other modes has been made excruciatingly
difficult or impossible!
46. How to cross this road ??
Where to walk or cycle ??
Dhaulan Kuan Signal-free Cloverleaf (जलेबी)
Signal- 46
47. Walking Distances are increased by >5 times
>5
after जलेबी construction at AIIMS!.
AIIMS!.
(Source: CSE)
After construction of the Clover Leaf Flyover, the walking distance
from AIIMS exit to Dilli Haat has increased by over 5 times.
In addition, there are no safe crossings available, so people risk
their lives crossing the street at the most convenient locations.
48. Walking Distances are increased by >5 times
wherever a flyover is constructred.
constructred.
People can’t cross the street between neighborhoods!!
51. Congestion is good!!
It makes people shift to BRT or other modes like cycles!!
Jakarta
Delhi
Delhi
52. What to Do?
1. Follow Road Standards & Guidelines.
(IRC+ UTTIPEC)
2. Plan a Network for cyclists, rickshaws &
pedestrians, not pieces.
3. Technically Design, Implement & Supervise
projects.
4. Regular Audit and Maintenance.
54. Masterplan-2021 Road Hierarchy: Categorization*
Primary Arterial Other Primary Arterial Primary Collector Secondary Collector Local Streets
RIGHT OF WAY 60-80 M 45-60 M 30-40 M 18-24 M 12-20 M
SPEED RANGE 50 – 70 km/hr 30 - 40 km/hr. 20 - 30 km/hr 10- 20 km/hr 10-20 km/hr
SPEED Enforcement and Traffic Enforcement and Traffic Enforcement and Traffic calming Traffic calming
CONTROL Calming required Calming required Traffic calming essential. required
required.
BUSWAYS FOR Segregated busw ays Segregated busw ays Segregated busw ays No segregated bus lane; No segregated bus
BRT required w here BRT required w here BRT required w here BRT but Road may be lanes or bus operations
proposed proposed proposed, at-grade designated Bus-NMV required; but Road
segregation possible on only if required may be designated
R/Ws above 36 M Bus-NMV only if
required
MOTORIZED 2 to 4 motorized lanes per 2 to 4 motorized lanes per 2 to 3 motorized lanes No minimum lane width No minimum lane
LANES direction, min. 3.3 m w ide direction, min. 3.3 m w ide per direction, min. 3.1m specification. width specification.
(min. 3.5 for BRT (min. 3.3 for BRT w ide (min. 3.3 for BRT
busw ays) busw ays) busw ays)
CYCLE/ NMV Segregated cycle tracks Segregated cycle tracks Traffic Calming Cycle lanes can work, No special feature for
TRACKS required; min. 2.5 m wide required; min. 2.5 m wide essential where segregated tracks cyclists
for two-way movement. for two-way movement. segregated Cycle tracks required where friction &
are not provided; Cycle encroachment expected
tracks to be min. 2.5 m
wide if block lengths are
>250m.
SERVICE LANES Serv ice lanes required. Serv ice lanes required for No serv ice lane No serv ice lane No serv ice lane
residential frontages; for required required required
commercial / MU
frontages, not required.
MEDIANS Continuous median; all Continuous median; all Intermittent or No Intermittent or No No medians; traffic
openings and intersections openings and intersections median; median required; For calmed crossings, or
accompanied by signals accompanied by signals openings/ intersections roads w here need for mini roundabouts
and traffic calming. (no and traffic calming. (no accompanied by signals Median is felt, issue to
grade separators within grade separators within and traffic calming. be brought to
city) city) UTTIPEC. Crossings to
NOT E: Lane Widths have been designated based on desired speed of the road category. be traffic calmed.
54 Guidelines prepared by UTTIP EC, DDA; Revised and Updated in Nov 2010.
* 54
55. 05 Bicycle and Non-Motorized Transport Infrastructure
05A Segregated Cycle +
NMT Tracks
05B Bicycle Parking and
Other
Infrastructure
Provision for introducing cycle tracks, pedestrian and disabled friendly features in arterial
and sub-arterial roads is a must. (MPD-2021)
Bicycles, Rickshaw s and other Non-Motorized transport are essential and the most eco-
friendly feeder services to and from MRTS stations. They are also indispensible for short &
UTTIPEC
Mobility
Safety
medium length trips for shopping, daily needs, school, etc. Providing safe and segregated
NMT lanes on all Arterial and Collector Streets w ould encourage their use and reduce the
& Comfort
dependency of people on the private car...
StreetIntegrated
Design MAIN PRINCIPLES:
Mobility - Continuous and safe NMT lanes with adequate crossings are essential
throughout the city
Guidelines
Ecology
- Ample parking facilities for NMTs must be provided at all MRTS stations
Ecology: - The most eco-friendly mode of transportation.
Safety/Comfort - Safe crossings for NMT are essential for their safety.
- NMT lanes must be segregated from faster motorized traffic.
- Shade must be provide along NMT lanes as well as at traffic signals.
55
63. 45 M Primary Arterial Road
IRC Section
Cycle Tracks
MANDATORY
UTTIPEC
Section
63 Drawings only Suggestive, not Prescriptive. Prepared by UTTIPEC, DDA 63
64. 40 M Primary Arterial Road
IRC Section
Cycle Tracks
MANDATORY
UTTIPEC
Section
64 Drawings only Suggestive, not Prescriptive. Prepared by UTTIPEC, DDA 64
65. 30 M Arterial Road
IRC Section
Cycle Tracks
MANDATORY
UTTIPEC
Section
65
65 Drawings only Suggestive, not Prescriptive. Prepared by UTTIPEC, DDA
66. 30 M Primary Collector Road
NOTE:
IRC Section Non-motorized Lanes/ Cycle T racks are
OPT IONAL on R/Ws below 40m Width.
In case smoother flow of motorized traffic is
desired, one “ Shared Lane” may be replaced
by a dedicated Non-motorized Lane, in each
direction, to reduce friction between slow and
fast moving vehicles.
Cycle Tracks
OPTIONAL
UTTIPEC
Section
66 Drawings only Suggestive, not Prescriptive. Prepared by UTTIPEC, DDA 66
67. 18-24 M Secondary Collector Road
IRC Section
Cycle Tracks
OPTIONAL
UTTIPEC
Section
67 Drawings only Suggestive, not Prescriptive. Prepared by UTTIPEC, DDA 67
68. Example:
45m Road
(Vikas Marg)
Cycle tracks,
footpaths,
rickshaw-parking,
auto-parking,
vendor cart spaces,
trees,
car-parking,
toilets…
accommodated
within R/W
without disturbing
carriageway
space !
7/26/2012 UTTIPEC 68
69. Example:
45m Road
(Vikas Marg)
Cycle tracks,
footpaths,
rickshaw-parking,
auto-parking,
vendor cart spaces,
trees,
car-parking,
toilets…
accommodated
within R/W
without disturbing
carriageway
space !
7/26/2012 UTTIPEC 69
70. Example:
45m Road
(Vikas Marg)
Cycle tracks,
footpaths,
rickshaw-parking,
auto-parking,
vendor cart spaces,
trees,
car-parking,
toilets…
accommodated
within R/W
without disturbing
carriageway
space !
7/26/2012 UTTIPEC 70
71. A complete City-wide Safe Cycling Network to be developed.
Arterial Roads to have safe Cycle Tracks
72. A complete City-wide Safe Cycling Network to be developed.
Nallahs can be Cycle-Ecomobility corridors, forming a City-wide Network.