7. Тодорхой дүрсгүй элементүүд :
Хүчиллэг шээсний давсууд
• Uric acid
deposited only from acid urine.
Yellow to reddish color / thickness of the crystal/
Common diamond shaped, rosettes
May occur barrell-shaped, hexagonal
Easy dissolve when urine alkalinized or heated 60̊ C
May increase gout. Lesch-nyhan syndrome /increased
purine metabolism/
Лейкоз, уушигны үрэвсэл, рентген туяаны
хордлого, бөөрний чулуу, бөөрний дутагдал
8.
9.
10.
11.
12. Тодорхой дүрсгүй элементүүд
• Calcium oxalate
May be seen neutral or alkaline urines
Almost colorless crystals
Usually octahedral –two dimensional shape appearing
like envelope
Rarely ellipsoidal or dumb- bell
Appear idiopathic hypercalciuria , primary hyperoxaluria
Not diagnostic!
May arise from diet : spinach, tomatoes, rhubarb, garlic,
oranges
Metobolism of ascorbate, increased ingestion of vitamin
C may produce crystaluria
13.
14.
15.
16. “cigar” (Panel A) and “dumbbell” (Panel B) shapes. Free crystals were extensive (Panel
C), with many incorporated in casts (Panel D)
17. Тодорхой дүрсгүй элементүүд
• Sodium urates
Colorless or pale yellow
Needle like crystals without pointed ends are
frequently clustered in sheaves
Dissolve easily when the urine is heated to 60̊ C
• Amorphous urates
Mixed salts of Na, K,Mg, Ca, anad uric acid
/noncrystalline form/
Usually have a yellow red granular appearance
Илрэл: Халуурах , бөөлжих, суулгах , хөлрөх,
лейкоз
22. Тодорхой дүрсгүй элементүүд : Шүлтлэг
шээсний давсууд
• Triple phosphate
Crystals of ammonium magnesium phosphate
Appear in 2 forms
- coffin lid type : prisms with oblique surfaces at
each end
- feathery fern-like
Илрэл : жимс ногоо их хэрэглэх, зашаан уух,
давсагны үрэвсэл
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. Тодорхой дүрсгүй элементүүд : Шүлтлэг
шээсний давсууд
• Calcium phosphate
Needle shaped with pointed end
Usually found in agrgregates resulting :rosette, star
cluster
Called stellar phosphate
Сааралдуу өнгөтэй
Илрэл : хүнсний ногоо их хэрэглэх, бөөлжих ,
суулгах, олон дахин ходоод угаалгах
Easily dissolve when acetic acid is added to the urine
28.
29.
30.
31.
32. Тодорхой дүрсгүй элементүүд : Шүлтлэг
шээсний давсууд
• Calcium carbonate
Dumb-bell or spherical forms
small
Difficult to distinguish from amorphous deposits
Илрэл : хүнсний ногоо их хэрэглэх, бөөлжих ,
суулгах, олон дахин ходоод угаалгах
Rare in humans
33.
34.
35. Тодорхой дүрсгүй элементүүд : Шүлтлэг
шээсний давсууд
• Ammonium biurates
Usually yellow brown in color
Thorn apple crystals with long irregular spikes
Easily dissolve in acetic acid
• Amorphous phosphates
Indistinguishable from amorphous urates
Ph of the urine and solubility in acid ?
Илрэл : цистит
36.
37.
38. Эмгэг үед илэрдэг өвөрмөц давсууд
• Cystine
Colorless
Hexagonal plates
Appear single or clusters
Soluble in alkali, mineral acid
NOT IN ACETIC ACID OR HEAT!
Most important products detected in the urine
Presents patients with all forms of the metabolic
disorders , cystinosis, cystinuria
39.
40.
41. Эмгэг үед илэрдэг өвөрмөц давсууд
• Leucine
Yellow brown colored
Spheres with concentric or radial striation
High refractive index
Center of the crystal appears black
Redissolve in mineal acid , alkalies, acetic acid
Great significance : acute yellow atrophy,
terminal cirrhosis
Also found in 2 genetic diseases: oasthouse
syndrome, maple syrup urine disease
42.
43. Эмгэг үед илэрдэг өвөрмөц давсууд
• Tyrosine
Highly refractive tufts or sheaves of fine needles
Soluble in mineral acid and alkalies
Not in acetic acid!
Frequently found in conjunction with leucine
Илрэл : хорт цус багдалт , лейкоз
44.
45. Эмгэг үед илэрдэг өвөрмөц давсууд
• Sulfonamides
Brown sheaves of needles
Common in patiens being treated with sulfa drugs
