RIWC_PARA_A030 Disabled People and Disasters in Road Tunnels
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The document discusses measures to improve accessibility for disabled people in road tunnels. It outlines research conducted in Germany to consider the needs of disabled users when equipping and operating tunnels. Specific measures discussed include lowering the height of kerbs on emergency walkways, improving recognition of emergency exits through signage and tactile ground indicators, making emergency doors easier to open, and providing safe areas behind exit doors. The document concludes that such measures will benefit all users during emergency situations by reducing barriers faced by disabled individuals.
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RIWC_PARA_A030 Disabled People and Disasters in Road Tunnels
- 1. 1Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Accessible road tunnels – Measures to manage disasters with disabilities Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke STUVA e. V. Rehabilitation International 27. October 2016, Edinburgh
- 2. 2Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016
- 3. 3Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Road tunnels: Special conditions possibly high fire load, e. g. if HGV starts to burn no fire sections in the tunnel (traffic area) „chimney effect“ high danger: fire development and smoke spreading in longer tunnels (>400 m) traffic function important function within the road network ensuring flow of traffic during breakdowns and (smaller) accidents no people outside a car during normal operation mode no pedestrians (only emergency walkways) legal framework public roads and buildings (and as so far tunnels) have to be barrier-free use allowed for all people within the framework of road and traffic laws
- 4. 4Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Research project FE 03.0405/2005/FRB:*) Consideration of the needs of disabled people when equipping and operating road tunnels Consideration of the needs of disabled people when equipping and operating road tunnels funded by edited by
- 5. 5Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Disabled people in road tunnels disabled road tunnel users self-driver (e. g. wheelchair, deaf) co-driver (e. g. blind and visual impairments, cognitive disabled) people with disabilities participate in traffic in general they may get into emergency situations in traffic or in road tunnels copyright: anatom5 GmbH in cooperation with Natko
- 6. 6Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Disabled people in road tunnels Possible problems of disabled tunnel users accessibility of emergency walkways accessibility and usability of emergency phones and emergeny telephone boxes locating the emergency exits opening the emergency exit doors kerb
- 7. 7Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Future safety measures in German road tunnels Accessibility of emergency walkways kerb height in new tunnels 3 cm kerb is needed as impact protection and to pass liquids (e. g. gas; slotted channels) New RABT RABT 2006 RABT: Richtlinien für die Ausstattung und den Betrieb in Straßentunneln Guidelines for fitting and operation of road tunnels
- 8. 8Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Future safety measures in German road tunnels Recognisability of emergency exits Escape route signs with orientation light mounted every 25 m or less in the future with a tactile marking on top
- 9. 9Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Future safety measures in German road tunnels Recognisability of emergency exits highlighted emergency exit doors window green lights emergency route sign green coating emergency walkway carriageway
- 10. 10Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Future safety measures in German road tunnels Recognisability of emergency exits Tactile ground surface indicators (blisters) in front and opposite of emergency exits Photo:HSVV,Seeger
- 11. 11Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Future safety measures in German road tunnels Use of Emergency doors force needed to open door could be lowered to 60 N (100 N with forced ventilation) further tests running opening of emergency exit doors shall be easier in the future difficult to solve : forced ventilation and easy opening doors in the future automatic opening assistance? further research necessary (reliability?) Photo:STUVA,Grossmann
- 12. 12Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Future safety measures in German road tunnels Discussed and not yet included in technical specifications (will be taken into account for follow-up guidelines) two emergency buttons outside the emergency phone boxes mounted at 0.85 m above ground tactile letters „SOS“ flashlight and audible signal if pressed (two-senses-principle)
- 13. 13Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Future safety measures in road tunnels Discussed and not yet included in technical specifications (will be taken into account for follow-up guidelines) safe areas for wheelchair users or wheeled walkers located behind the emergency exit doors if emergency tunnel may be inclined or an emergency staircase is existing (especially for existing tunnels) voice communication display video emergency tunnel wheelchair intermediate area road tunnel emergency exit
- 14. 14Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Outlook and conclusions accessibility of road tunnels is supported by the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) measures (partly) are already included or will be included in follow-up guidelines for further improvement measures described will be implemented in all new tunnels for existing tunnels only limited implementation because of technical or structural limitations (and at least for economical reasons) measures will improve safety of all tunnel users, because in a panic situation everyone of us will be handicapped
- 15. 15Accessible road tunnels Dr.-Ing. Dirk Boenke, STUVA e. V. Edinburgh, 27.10.2016 Thank you very much for your attention! Any questions? Dr. Dirk Boenke STUVA e. V. Mathias-Brüggen-Straße 41 50827 Cologne, Germany Phone: +49 221 / 597 95 -0 Email: d.boenke@stuva.de
Notes de l'éditeur
- In the last years the safety standards in most tunnels in Europe were raised due to the experiences made with some heavy fire disasters. But what about the needs of tunnel users with disabilities? i will show you the German approach on this. The results were based on two research projects STUVA worked on. We say that a fire in a tunnel is an extreme situation (eben ein disaster) and everyone gets into panic. And in a panic situation one dos not handeln rational. So a barrier-free tunnel is not only a benefit for people with disabilities but it is design for all.
- To make some proposals and to improve the evacuation and rescue of people with disabilities in road tunnels STUVA worked on a research project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Transport and German Research Associaiton for Roads (Bast).
- How could people with disabilities use a road tunnel? They could use it as a self-driver, for example as a wheelchair-user. Or deaf or they could use it as a co-driver, for example blind people or if one has visual impairments or if one is cognitive disabled. As we know people with disabilities participate in traffic in general – and they do even more in the last years because of a more and more barrier-free environment. So people with disabilities may get into an emergency situation in traffic or even in a road tunnel.
- If there is an emergency in the tunnel, people with disabilities could face the following problems: the emergency walkways might not be accessible to users of wheelchairs or walkers because of high kerbs emergency phones and emergency telephone boxes might not be accessible and usable it could be difficult to locate the emergency exits it could be a problem to open the emergency exit door
- In our report we made some proposals how to improve the situation. Luckily there were some people at BASt and the Federla Ministry which supported the ideas in general. This made it possible that some of the measures are already implemented in new tunnels and after all the German guidelines for fitting and operating of road tunnels (RABT) were adopted. For example in new tunnels there will only be a 3 cm-kerb to the emergeny walkway to make it easier for wheelchairs and walkers to leave the carriageway. We could not drop the kerb to carriageway level, because the kerb is needed as an small impact protection to attend drivers and there is also the need to pass liquids an keep them away from emergency exits.
- STUVA‘s research led to lower opening resistance. The needed force to open the emergency exit door could be reduced to 60 N without ventilation and 100 N with ventilation. There are further tests running to improve the situation but it is a problem to solve the contrary effect of a forced ventilation, which is needed in case of fire to keep sections of the tunnel free from smoke. The ventilation leds to rising opening forces because of a suction. The only fully accessible solution would be automatic opening doors. But there is need for moe research because they have to prove their reliability under the hard conditions in road tunnels to guarantee safety for the users.
- There are some proposals for future measures tunnel construction. They were not yet included in current technical specifications but are taken into acoount for follow-up guidelines. One proposal is for example to place two emergency buttons outside the emergency phone boxes – at the moment we have only one placed inside. The buttons will be mounted at a height of 85 cm above ground to be easily reached b wheelchair-users. One will have tactile letters „SOS“ on top of the button. If an emergency button will be pressed, a flashlight and audible signal will be given to correspond to the two-senses principle.
- Also in discussion is the proposal to build safe areas for wheelchair-users or other walking disabilities. The area will be located immediately behind the emergency exit. This may be a solution to improve the situation for many people if the emergency tunnel is inclined or if there is only an emergency staircase which may be the situation in some older existing tunnels.
- First of all the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure supports the barrier-free design of road tunnels. Most of the measures I have presented are already included in current guidelines, some more will be taken into account or further improvement. Measures will be implemented in all new road tunnels. For existing tunnels not all measures will be appropriate due to structural or technical reasons and at least economical reasons, for example lowering of the kerbs, because cables are running below the emergency walkway. Luckily the use of road tunnels is already very safe today. But measures shown could improve the safety of ALL tunnel users, because in case of a panic situation – for example fire in a road tunnel – everyone of us may be handicapped.