RIWC_PARA_A103 a qualitative survey focuses the perspective of employees in sheltered workshops on participation and recognition
1. Participation in working life? – Sheltered
workshops from the perspective of
handicapped employees
Edinburgh, 26 October, 2016
2. Seite 2
1. Background and theoretical basis
2. Question and methodological approach
3. Results and conclusion
Structure
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
3. Seite 3
• In Germany about 300.000 persons with disabilities receive
benefits in sheltered workshops to participate in working life –
with upward trend (cf. BAG WfbM 2015).
• Succesful transitions from sheltered workshops to labour
market are under 1% a year (cf. Detmar et al. 2008;
Schachler 2014).
• Sheltered workshops are in conflict with Art. 27 CRPD (cf.
United Nations 2015).
1. Background
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
4. Seite 4
• Sociological knowledge about the impact of work (cf. Jahoda 1983; Morgenroth
2003; Promberger 2008)
• Participation approach (cf. Bartelheimer 2010)
• Recognition theory (cf. Honneth 1994)
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
1. Theoretical foundation
5. Seite 5
Which effect does working in sheltered workshops have on
the employees‘ perception of social participation and
recognition?“
2. Question
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
6. Seite 6
• Explorative research study to survey the perspectives of employees
in sheltered workshops
• 20 problem centered interviews (cf. Witzel 2000), analysed and
categorized
• Generation of types (vgl. Kluge 1999; Kelle/Kluge 2010)
2. Method
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
7. Seite 7
Opinions and attitudes of employees in sheltered workshops
• Concepts of a good life correlate with majority of population.
• Work plays a decisive part in life and is regarded as meaningful and structuring.
• Within the sheltered workshop employees receive recognition for the working
performance they contribute.
• Employees had little or no influence on the decision of joining a shelterd
workshop.
3. Results
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
• Very often they are not self-determined concerning their
vocational choice and they are inexperienced
concerning the common labour market.
• Employees undervalue their own competences and
working in the sheltered workshop in contrast to an
occupation on the common labour market.
8. Seite 8
Perceptions of employees
• Perception of belonging to working society when being occupied in a sheltered
workshop is ambivalent.
• Beyond sheltered workshops employees often report on experiences of
contempt.
• Despite their occupation in the workshop employees perceive themselves as
recipients of benefits.
• Recognition is experienced concerning rights that are taken for granted by adult
people
• By using an “institutional attribution“ (cf. König 2014, 425) regarding sheltered
workshops, the status is defined by “being disabled“
An occupation in a sheltered workshop can be stigmatizing!
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
9. Seite 9
Inside and Outside
• Negative experience regarding the common labour market lead to a feeling of
discrepancy between people with and without disabilities, which is also
intensified by the special form of employment in sheltered workshops.
• Due to negative reactions employees often regard themselves as a special
group – consequently a feeling of shame and tendencies of withdrawal occur.
• Identification with workshop employees resp. persons with disabilities
increases with the quantity of being involved in benefits of integration support.
There is a feeling of exclusion and isolation. Consequently, an “inside
and an outside“ emerge. Social contacts are often limited.
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
10. Seite 10
• Type 1- employees have come to terms with the institution.
• They take advantage of the sheltered environment and available conveniences.
• Employees mainly socialise with fellow employees in the sheltered workshop.
• Frank dealings with workshop employment only with confidants.
• Advisors and contact persons are members of their family or staff of facilities for
the disabled people.
• Awareness of negative perception of workshop employment by strangers.
• Very often an employment on the common labour market was unsuccessful
therefore it is rated negatively.
Type 1: resigned-content
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
11. Seite 11
• Type 2-employes are uncontent with their workshop employment and the
resulting living conditions.
• CV is mainly characterized by institutions for the disabled people.
• Employment in sheltered workshops is regarded as stigmatizing since disability
becomes clearly visible.
• Employees experienced contempt and discrimination inside and outside of the
sheltered workshop .
• Participation in working society is not received.
• No perception of belonging to people without disablities.
• Demand for participation of people with disabilities on the common labour
market.
Type 2: uncontent
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
12. Seite 12
• Employment in the sheltered workshop causes a feeling/perception of
participation in work life.
• At the same time type 3 – employees have experiences inside and outside the
sheltered workshop; experiences which query participation in work life.
• Despite a critical attitude concerning sheltered workshops there is also a deep
identification with these.
• Experience of belonging to persons and groups outside the sheltered
workshop.
• The access to the common labour market as well as gaining experiences there
is rated high even though there is no first-hand experience.
• An interim solution of an employment in the sheltered workshop and on the
common labour market is intended for the personal vocational future.
Type 3: critical-ambivalent
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
13. Seite 13
• Type 4a-employees are convinced that sheltered workshops with their
protective setting offer a particularly suitable employment for persons with
disabilities.
• Very often these persons have negative experience on the common labour
market.
• From the employees point of view the sheltered workshop provides a
reasonable workload and sufficient possiblities of withdrawal after excessive
demand on the common labour market .
• Image of a positive and recognized workshop employment exists.
• There is a feeling of belonging to other persons with disabilities.
Type 4a: convinced
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
14. Seite 14
• Type 4b is largely identical to Type 4a.
• Mostly type 4b-employees have not joined the sheltered workshop for a long
time.
• The majority is between 20 and 30 years old.
• Future plans outside the sheltered workshop (still) exist.
• Impression is created that future plans fade with increasing duration of
employment in the sheltered workshop.
Type 4b: temporarily convinced
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
15. Seite 15
• Sheltered workshops are a makeshift only, which can compensate some negative
consequences of a lack of gainful employment. At the same time sheltered
workshops prevent resp. interfere an access to the labour market.
• Persons in sheltered workshops (especially in combination with different benefits
of integration support) are at risk of experiencing participation in exklusive
separate worlds.
• Opportunities of the transition from sheltered workshops as well as a preferably
accessible entry into the common labour market are to be established.
• Experience on the common labour market influences wishes for a vocational
future – job biographies decide on assessment of sheltered workshop.
• First impressions of the employees‘ point of view, opportunities to survey these
extensively and prove the gained findings.
• Results contribute to research on participation, which captures the perspectives
of the persons concerned and supports participation.
• Results make a contribution to the organisation/structuring of future benefits
concerning participation in work life.
6. Conclusion
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
16. Seite 16
Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen (2015): Anzahl der
Mitgliedswerkstätten und belegten Plätzen nach Bundesländern zum 1. Januar 2015. Online
accesibility http://www.bagwfbm.de/file/979/, last checked 23.09.2016.
Detmar, Winfried et al (2008): Entwicklung der Zugangszahlen zu Werkstätten für behinderte
Menschen. im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales. Unter Mitarbeit von
Winfried Detmar, Manfred Gehrmann, Ferdinand König, Dirk Momper, Bernd Pieda und
Joachim Radatz. isb-Gesellschaft für Integration, Sozialforschung und Betriebspädagogik
gGmbH (Berlin). Berlin. Online accesibility
http://www.bmas.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/PDF-Publikationen/forschungsbericht-
f383.pdf;jsessionid=0EA6CC5F5E3BC545E851C1A8EE572518?__blob=publicationFile,
zuletzt aktualisiert am 06.10.2008, last checked 23.09.2016.
Honneth, Axel (1994): Kampf um Anerkennung. Zur moralischen Grammatik sozialer
Konflikte. 1. Aufl. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch-Verl.
Jahoda, Marie (1983): Wieviel Arbeit braucht der Mensch? Arbeit und Arbeitslosigkeit im. 20.
Jahrhundert. Weinheim, Basel: Beltz.
Kluge, Susann (1999): Empirisch begründete Typenbildung. Zur Konstruktion von Typen und
Typologien in der qualitativen Sozialforschung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für
Sozialwissenschaften.
References:
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
17. Seite 17
Kelle, Udo; Kluge, Susann (2010): Vom Einzelfall Zum Typus. Fallvergleich Und
Fallkontrastierung in der Qualitativen Sozialforschung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für
Sozialforschung.
Kronauer, Martin (2010): Exklusion. Die Gefährdung des Sozialen im hoch entwickelten
Kapitalismus. 2., aktualisierte und erw. Frankfurt, M, New York, NY: Campus-Verl.
Mayring, Philipp (2010): Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlagen und Techniken. 11., aktual.,
überarb. Weinheim: Beltz.
Morgenroth, Christine (2003): Arbeitsidentität und Arbeitslosigkeit - ein depressiver Zirkel. In:
Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte. Beilage zur Wochenzeitschrift Das Parlament (B 6-7), S. 17–
24.
Promberger, Markus (2008): Arbeit, Arbeitslosigkeit und soziale Integration. In: Aus Politik
und Zeitgeschichte. Beilage zur Wochenzeitschrift Das Parlament (B. 40-41), S. 7–15.
Schachler, Viviane (2014): Übergangsförderung als Aufgabe der Werkstätten für behinderte
Menschen –Ergebnisse einer schriftlichen Befragung der Werkstätten in Bayern. In:
Arbeitsgruppe Teilhabeforschung (Hg.): Forschungsfragen der Teilhabeforschung. Methoden
und Zugänge. Kassel: Kassel University Press (Forschungsfragen der Teilhabeforschung, 1),
S. 26–43. Online accesibility http://www.uni-kassel.de/upress/online/OpenAccess/978-3-
86219-597-8.OpenAccess.pdf, last checked 06.10.2016.
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |
18. Seite 18
United Nations (2015): Concluding observations on the initial report of Germany.
Staatenberichtsprüfung. Online accesibility
http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CRPD/Shared%20Documents/DEU/CRPD_C_DEU_CO_1
_20186_E.doc, last checked 06.10.2016.
Witzel, Andreas (2000): Das problemzentrierte Interview [25 Absätze]. In: Forum Qualitative
Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, Online-Journal 1(1). Online accesibility
http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1132/2519, last checked
06.10.2016.
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben? | Mario Schreiner | 10.10.2016 |