Azure VM 101: A Quick Intro to VMs on Azure IaaS

1. ARGOMENTO Azure VM 101 A quick intro to VMs on Azure IaaS Marco Obinu @OmegaMadLab

2. Who I am @OmegaMadLab https://github.com/OmegaMadLab Marco Obinu @OmegaMadLab marco.obinu@omegamadlab.com http://www.omegamadlab.com https://github.com/OmegaMadLab https://www.linkedin.com/in/marco-obinu-omegamadlab/ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpkBeQSscC1iBvpNP4VNTKQ • Geek to the bone 🤓 • Advisory Engineer @ SoftJam S.p.A. • Azure Solution Architect Expert

3. Planning for an Azure VM What do you need to define before starting the deployment?

4. A complex object

5. What do you need to define before starting the deployment? 1. Logical grouping of resources • Will the VM be part of a system? 2. Network requirements • In which network do we have to place the VM? • Does it need a public IP? 3. Application requirements • Do we need high availability? • Does the VM need any special feature? • How many CPUs, RAM, disks and NIC do we need?

6. What do you need to define before starting the deployment? 1. Logical grouping of resources • Will the VM be part of a system? 2. Network requirements • In which network do we have to place the VM? • Does it need a public IP? 3. Application requirements • Do we need high availability? • Does the VM need any special feature? • How many CPUs, RAM, disks and NIC do we need?

7. What do you need to define before starting the deployment? 1. Logical grouping of resources • Will the VM be part of a system? 2. Network requirements • In which network do we have to place the VM? * • Does it need a public IP? 3. Application requirements • Do we need high availability? * • Does the VM need any special feature? • How many CPUs, RAM, disks and NIC do we need? * it can be a mess to change this later

8. Creating an Azure VM Walkthrough the wizard process

9. Operating systems Operating System Version Microsoft Windows Server 2003 - 2019 Windows 7, 8.1, 10 Open Source CentOS 6.3+, 7.0+, 8.0+ CoreOS 494.4.0+ Debian Debian 7.9+, 8.2+, 9, 10 Oracle Linux 6.4+, 7.0+ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1+, 8.0+ SUSE Linux Enterprise SLES/SLES for SAP 11 SP4 12 SP1+ 15 openSUSE openSUSE Leap 42.2+ Ubuntu Ubuntu 12.04+ • Marketplace • Custom images • Azure Site Recovery

10. Families and series Family Series Optimized for General purpose B, Dsv3, Dv3, Dasv4, Dav4, DSv2, Dv2, Av2, DC, DCv2 Balanced CPU-to-memory ratio. Ideal for testing and development, small to medium databases, and low to medium traffic web servers. Compute optimized Fsv2 High CPU-to-memory ratio. Good for medium traffic web servers, network appliances, batch processes, and application servers. Memory optimized Esv3, Ev3, Easv4, Eav4, Mv2, M, DSv2, Dv2 High memory-to-CPU ratio. Great for relational database servers, medium to large caches, and in-memory analytics. Storage optimized Lsv2 High disk throughput and IO ideal for Big Data, SQL, NoSQL databases, data warehousing and large transactional databases. GPU NC, NCv2, NCv3, ND, NDv2 (Preview), NV, NVv3, NVv4 Specialized virtual machines targeted for heavy graphic rendering and video editing, as well as model training and inferencing (ND) with deep learning. Available with single or multiple GPUs. High performance compute HB, HBv2, HC, H Our fastest and most powerful CPU virtual machines with optional high-throughput network interfaces (RDMA).

11. Azure Storage (remote storage) A complex object Virtualization host OsDisk DataDisk DataDisk VM VM NIC vSwitch Host NIC BlobCache (local storage) TempDisk RAM cache SSD cache

12. Size matters Family, series and size of the VM also affects: • Access to Premium Storage • Computing power • Disk throughput & number of data disks • Cache and Temporary disk size & throughput • Network bandwidth & Accelerated Network DS12v2 – 4 core 28 GB ACU 210-250 Cached tp. 16000/128 (144) Uncached tp. 12800/192 NIC/Mbps 4/3000 DS13v2 – 8 core 56 GB ACU 210-250 Cached tp. 32000/256 (288) Uncached tp. 25600/384 NIC/Mbps 8/6000 Esv3 – 8 core 64 GB ACU 160-180 Cached tp. 16000/128 (200) Uncached tp. 12800/192 NIC/Mbps 4/4000 Azure Storage (remote storage) Virtualization host OsDisk DataDisk DataDisk VM VM NIC vSwitch Host NIC BlobCache (local storage) TempDisk RAM cache SSD cache

14. Families and series Family Series Optimized for General purpose B, Dsv3, Dv3, Dasv4, Dav4, DSv2, Dv2, Av2, DC, DCv2 Balanced CPU-to-memory ratio. Ideal for testing and development, small to medium databases, and low to medium traffic web servers. Compute optimized Fsv2 High CPU-to-memory ratio. Good for medium traffic web servers, network appliances, batch processes, and application servers. Memory optimized Esv3, Ev3, Easv4, Eav4, Mv2, M, DSv2, Dv2 High memory-to-CPU ratio. Great for relational database servers, medium to large caches, and in-memory analytics. Storage optimized Lsv2 High disk throughput and IO ideal for Big Data, SQL, NoSQL databases, data warehousing and large transactional databases. GPU NC, NCv2, NCv3, ND, NDv2 (Preview), NV, NVv3, NVv4 Specialized virtual machines targeted for heavy graphic rendering and video editing, as well as model training and inferencing (ND) with deep learning. Available with single or multiple GPUs. High performance compute HB, HBv2, HC, H Our fastest and most powerful CPU virtual machines with optional high-throughput network interfaces (RDMA).

15. Support for Premium storage D13 v2 Ds13 v2 CPU 8 8 RAM 56 56 Temporary Disk 400 112 Storage Premium No Yes € / hour 0,6401 0,6401

18. Azure Compute Unit SKU Family ACU vCPU vCPU: Core A0 50 1:1 A1 - A4 100 1:1 A5 - A7 100 1:1 A1_v2 - A8_v2 100 1:1 A2m_v2 - A8m_v2 100 1:1 A8 - A11 225* 1:1 D1 - D14 160 - 250 1:1 D1_v2 - D15_v2 210 - 250* 1:1 DS1 - DS14 160 - 250 1:1 DS1_v2 - DS15_v2 210 - 250* 1:1 D_v3 160 - 190* 2:1*** Ds_v3 160 - 190* 2:1*** E_v3 160 - 190* 2:1*** Es_v3 160 - 190* 2:1*** F2s_v2 - F72s_v2 195 - 210* 2:1*** F1 - F16 210 - 250* 1:1 F1s - F16s 210 - 250* 1:1 G1 - G5 180 - 240* 1:1 GS1 - GS5 180 - 240* 1:1 H 290 - 300* 1:1 HB 199 - 216** 1:1 HC 297 - 315* 1:1 L4s - L32s 180 - 240* 1:1 L8s_v2 - L80s_v2 150 - 175** 2:1 M 160 - 180 2:1*** https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/acu *ACUs use Intel® Turbo technology to increase CPU frequency and provide a performance increase. The amount of the performance increase can vary based on the VM size, workload, and other workloads running on the same host. **ACUs use AMD® Boost technology to increase CPU frequency and provide a performance increase. The amount of the performance increase can vary based on the VM size, workload, and other workloads running on the same host. ***Hyper-threaded and capable of running nested virtualization Exception: series https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/sizes-b-series-burstable Suitable for fluctuating workloads Offer a baseline performance Earn credits Spend credits to achieve top performance

24. Choosing the right VM Family, series and size of the VM also affects: • Access to Premium Storage • Computing power • Disk throughput & number of data disks • Cache and Temporary disk size & throughput • Network bandwidth & Accelerated Network DS13-2v2 – 2 core 56 GB Cached tp. 32000/256 (288) Uncached tp. 25600/384 NIC/Mbps 8/6000 DS13-4v2 – 4 core 56 GB Cached tp. 32000/256 (288) Uncached tp. 25600/384 NIC/Mbps 8/6000 DS13v2 – 8 core 56 GB Cached tp. 32000/256 (288) Uncached tp. 25600/384 NIC/Mbps 8/6000 Need more of these, but have to contain licensing costs??? Go for Constrained vCPU! https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/constrained-vcpu Azure Storage (remote storage) Virtualization host OsDisk DataDisk DataDisk VM VM NIC vSwitch Host NIC BlobCache (local storage) TempDisk RAM cache SSD cache

25. Managed disks offering 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32767 IOPS ProvisionedGB IOPS per disk 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32767 MiB/sec ProvisionedGB Throughtput per disk Premium SSD Standard SSD Standard HDD Standard Storage • Standard HDD (Sxx) • Standard SSD (Exx) • Low-end workloads • Best-effort performance Premium Storage • Premium SSD (Pxx) • Hi-end workloads • Provisioned performance • Bursting when size ≤ 512 GB • 5-10 ms avg. latency Use appropriate cache settings • Read-Write • Read-Only • None Stripe disks to achieve more

26. Managed disks offering 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32767 MiB/sec ProvisionedGB Throughtput per disk Premium SSD Standard SSD Standard HDD 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32767 IOPS ProvisionedGB IOPS per disk Premium SSD Standard SSD Standard HDD Standard Storage • Standard HDD (Sxx) • Standard SSD (Exx) • Low-end workloads • Best-effort performance Premium Storage • Premium SSD (Pxx) • Hi-end workloads • Provisioned performance • Bursting when size ≤ 512 GB • 5-10 ms avg. latency Use appropriate cache settings • Read-Write • Read-Only • None Stripe disks to achieve more

29. Managed disks offering 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32767 IOPS ProvisionedGB IOPS per disk 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32767 MiB/sec ProvisionedGB Throughtput per disk Premium SSD Standard SSD Standard HDD Standard Storage • Standard HDD (Sxx) • Standard SSD (Exx) • Low-end workloads • Best-effort performance Use appropriate cache settings • Read-Write • Read-Only • None Stripe disks to achieve more Premium Storage • Premium SSD (Pxx) • Hi-end workloads • Provisioned performance • Bursting when size ≤ 512 GB • 5-10 ms avg. latency

32. Ultra SSD Disk Size (GiB) IOPS Cap Throughput Cap (MBps) 4 1,200 300 8 2,400 600 16 4,800 1,200 32 9,600 2,000 64 19,200 2,000 128 38,400 2,000 256 76,800 2,000 512 80,000 2,000 1,024-65,536 (sizes in this range increasing in increments of 1 TiB) 160,000 2,000 • Size, IOPS and MBps can be sized indipendently • Less than 1 ms avg. Latency • Performance can be modified dinamically

33. Azure Networking 101 Virtual Network Private address space (RFC 1918) 10.0.0.0/16 Subnet 10.0.2.0/24 Subnet 10.0.1.0/24 NSG NSG UDR UDR VM NIC Public IP

34. High availability A challenge for the architect

35. VMs and SLA STANDARD PREMIUM

36. High Availability Frontend tier Backend tier

37. High Availability Zone 2 Zone 1 Zone 3 Frontend 2 Backend 2 Frontend 1 Backend 1 Availability zones  SLA 99,99% FD 1 UD 2 UD 0 UD 1 FD 0 UD 0 UD 1 UD 2 Frontend AvSet Backend AvSet Availability set  SLA 99,95% Frontend tier Backend tier

38. Managed vs unmanaged disks Unmanaged disks Managed disks

39. Proximity placement groups  Reduce latency to μs  Possible allocation issues

40. High Availability Frontend tier Backend tier Clustered IP On-prem On-prem Local storage Local storage Load balancer Shared storage

41. High Availability Frontend tier Backend tier Clustered IP On-prem Local storage Local storage Load balancer Shared storage Azure

42. Azure High Availability Frontend tier Backend tier Local storage Local storage Load balancer Azure Load balancer Clustered IP Local storage Local storage App replication

43. Azure High Availability Frontend tier Backend tier Local storage Local storage Load balancer Azure Load balancer Clustered IP Storage replicaLocal storage Local storage S2D

44. Azure High Availability Frontend tier Backend tier Local storage Local storage Load balancer Azure Load balancer Clustered IP Azure Premium File Share

45. Azure High Availability Frontend tier Backend tier Local storage Local storage Load balancer Azure Load balancer Clustered IP Shared disk

46. Cost-saving tips Zeneize-mode ON

47. Cost-saving tips • Right-size your VM and storage • Burstable? • CPU-constrained VM? • Leverage disk bursting on Premium SSD ≤ 512 GB • Spot VM? • Ephimeral OS disk? • Save on licensing with Hybrid Benefit • Acquire a reservation for long-running systems • VM reserved instances • Storage reservation • Deallocate VMs when not needed • Look for an equivalent PaaS service 🤣

48. Spot VMs • Leverage Azure unused capacity at low rates • VMs can be evicted when: • Azure needs capacity • The actual price is higher than your price cap SPOT PRICE

49. Cost-saving tips • Right-size your VM and storage • Burstable? • CPU-constrained VM? • Leverage disk bursting on Premium SSD ≤ 512 GB • Spot VM? • Ephimeral OS disk? • Save on licensing with Hybrid Benefit • Acquire a reservation for long-running systems • VM reserved instances • Storage reservation • Deallocate VMs when not needed • Look for an equivalent PaaS service 🤣

50. Resources • HA-template repository https://github.com/OmegaMadLab/SqlIaasVmPlayground

51. Grazie Domande? https://github.com/OmegaMadLab @OmegaMadLab marco.obinu@omegamadlab.com http://www.omegamadlab.com https://github.com/OmegaMadLab https://www.linkedin.com/in/marco-obinu-omegamadlab/ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpkBeQSscC1iBvpNP4VNTKQ

Azure VM 101: A Quick Intro to VMs on Azure IaaS

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