2. Learning Objectives
• Analyze the functions of communities in terms of
structures, dynamics, and processes
(HUMSS_CSC12IIIa-c-5)
• The learners shall be able to:
• 1. explain the dynamics of your community by
recognizing the people who build the community;
• 2. assess the structures of your community, and
• 3. analyze the processes existing in your community.
3. Important Key Concepts
• Aspects of Community- these include the
structure existing in your community which
includes the natural environment to the
institutions made by man
• Community- a group of people in a
particular area who are interacting with one
another
4. • Community Power- the capacity of the
community to exercise control over
activities and seek ways to employ
available resources
• Influencer- the person with the most
influence, who can lead others to achieve
a goal or accomplish a certain task
5. • Leader- the person who has the responsibility of
controlling or taking charge of a particular group
• Leadership-the process and qualities of command
and decisiveness with regard to the necessary
actions that ensure the welfare of the community
• Social change- the changes that occur in the social
order of a society. These are related to nature,
social institutions, social behavior or social relations,
and cultural, religious, economic, scientific, or
technological forces.
6. Direction: Carefully read and analyze each
question. Choose the correct answer from the
given options.
• 1. Pertains to the population size, density,
heterogeneity, changes, and development in an area.
• a. Demographics
• b. Geography and environmental influences
• c. Health and welfare systems
• d. Educational facilities and programs
7. • 2. The aspect of the community that looks at
employment opportunities existing in the
area.
• a. Sources of Information and public opinion
• b. Income distribution
• c. Local economy and business
• d. Housing
8. • 3. A figure who is in direct relation with you
through familial relations, affinities or feelings
of kinship, and social network.
• a. Organization
• b. Interrelationship
• c. Legal authoritative decision-makers
• d. Informal Power Structure
9. • 4. This person is usually appointed
based on qualifications, attitude, or
other characteristics.
• a. Influencer
• b. Leader
• c. Community
• Leader
• d. Organization member
10. • 5. Refers to the changes that occur
in the social order of society.
• a. cultural change
• b. social change
• c. political change
• d. technological change
11. Understanding Community through its
Dynamics
• Leaders are important figures that will
guide the members to carry out the
plans in pursuit of the group’s objectives.
The guidance of a good leader in a
group ensures the coherence of plans
and better implementation of programs.
12. • In the Philippines, the government provides
several levels of leadership, from the president
and vice-president, including other government
officials at the national and local levels such as
mayors, congressmen, and governors. They are
appointed based on qualifications, attitude, and
most often, through the votes of the residents. It
is otherwise known as a Formal Power Structure
because they are individuals whose authority is
based on formal rules appointed by the
government.
13. • There are also people who are appointed
because of their ability to lead, direct or
achieved without an official leadership title.
They are known as Informal Power
Structures. They are popular with others as
influencers who can lead others with the
most influence. Informal power comes, not
from an official position, but from the
respect and appreciation, one has earned
from the members of a group.
14. • This respect and appreciation allow the
individual to influence his or her peers in
a way that others within the group
cannot. Examples are managers,
supervisors, philanthropists,
businessmen, producers, and even
employees who lead their groups as
likable and charismatic leaders.
15. • Legal authoritative decision-makers are individuals or
bodies whose authority is based on formal rules and
institutions. They are appointed because of their
intelligence, reputations, decision-making, dictation
of laws and policies, and connections. Examples are
the appointments made by the president of the
country through his/her Powers of Appointment as
stated in the constitution or with the consent of the
Commission on Appointments like the heads of the
executive departments, board members, and its
leaders from any national government-related
institutions, ambassadors, other public ministers, and
consuls, etc.
16. • The aforementioned (3) power dynamics are
part of individual dimensions of community
which could be:
• 1. Interrelationship- community leaders are in
direct relation with you through familial
relations, affinities or feelings of kinship, social
network, and
• 2. Organization- they could be part of an
institution or an association, that has a
particular purpose in our community.
17. • Can you give me the power
dynamics of the following
community leaders as well as their
individual dimensions and a short
description of the kind of work they
do in your community?
18. Source: Edoria, Alejandro. “Looking back: The first barangay polls in PH.”
Rappler, May 17, 2015 https://rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/first-philippine-
barangay-elections-may-1982
19. Source: Norwayblue. “Geriatric care manager and social workers,”deposit photos, In white
background, Vector Clipart 69726167, April 7, 2015
https://depositphotos.com/69726167/stock-illustration-geriatric-care-manager-
andsocial.html
20. Source: Soto, Cynde. “Farmers market clipart.” Pinterest.com. Accessed
on June 17, 2020.
https://www.pinterest.co.uk/amp/pin/176977460333223470/
21.
22. • Awareness of the essential aspects of the
community is necessary for aiding the
residents to reflect on ways to be
positively involved in its improvement. The
poet John Donne famously said, “No man
is an island,” referring to humanity’s
interconnectedness and the belief that
humans are always social beings.
26. Aspects of Community
• 1. Local Politics
• Structure of government
• Decision-making power and
control
• Major issues currently in debate
27. • 2. Demographics
• • Population size (total number of people)
• • Population density (ratio of people to the space they inhabit)
• • Heterogeneity (the extent to which community members have
diverse characteristics)
• • Ethnic groups
• • Names given to various parts of the community
• • Areas known for having their own characteristics (ex:
industrial areas, blue-collar families)
• • Isolation from or closeness to other communities
• • History of the area * Changes and development of the area
28. • 3. Geography and environmental influence
• the community’s physical environment
• the community’s location and proximity
to highways, bodies of water, or mountains
• * existence of recreational areas concerns
regarding environmental hazards such as
pollution, and power shortages, among
others
29. • 4. Beliefs and Attitudes
• cultural values, traditions, and beliefs of
various segments of the population
• spiritual and political values of the residents
• available social agencies and the help they
can extend
• perceptions of residents as part of the
community
30. • 5. Local economy and businesses
• businesses, factories, and other sources of
employment that characterize the community
• nature of business (owned by local residents or
government
31. 6. Income distribution
• public assistance benefits available to
residents
• median income level of residents
• income levels and corresponding
percentage of the population.
32. 7. Housing
• housing conditions
• population density
• types of housing
• ownership and status of houses
(rental, real estate, etc)
33. 8. Educational facilities and programs
• education system
• extent of community support
• existence of public and private schools
• adherence to the intended curriculum of the
Department of Education
• attention to special populations (e.g., children with special
needs) and to cultural differences.
• extent to which education brings out the best in the
children (participation in competitions, the profile of
graduates, training students holistically)
• adequate preparation for adults to enter the labor force
34. 9. Health and Welfare Systems
• adequate numbers of health professionals
and specialists •
• social service programs
• respect of service providers to the needs
and values of minority populations
• availability of fire and police protection
• safety of the environment
• the residents’ view on public safety and
35. 10. Sources of information and public opinion
• presence of TV and radio stations and
newspapers which provide the people with
information and perspectives on current events
• community organizations’ capacity to update
residents on important information
• the capacity of the sources of information to
enhance the residents’ skills to promote positive
change
• the presence of community leaders who speak
for various marginalized subgroups
36. 11. Summary Assessment of
Community Issues
• overall assessment of the
community’s functioning
• dealing with social problems (youth
gangs, poverty, abuse)
• gaps in social, health care, and
other community and educational
37. CIVIL SOCIETIES
• People and groups bound together
toward a shared goal
• Civil society-referred to as the
‘third sector; the government and
private sector as its 1st and 2nd
38. Civil Society
• Broadly understood as the
combination of organizations,
establishments, and individuals that
operate outside the influence of the
government institution
• Spirit of community service
40. GROUP Activity: (by line)
• Brainstorm and talk about 1 particular
problem in your community.
• Create your own organization or
movement that will strive to solve the
problem you have discussed.
• Create a name of the organization and
draw the LOGO then present to the
class
41. New Lesson:Understanding Community
through its Process
• 1. Effective Communication -open
communication is highly
recommended for leaders and their
constituents. There should be free
access to important information
concerning social issues and public
matters
42. • 2. Development of Social Capital
Building - developing resilient
capital is among the most
important contributors to
successful community leadership
43. • 3. Community Engagement -
it is important to encourage
young leaders to participate
so that they are ready to take
over when the time comes.
44. • 4. Collaboration - leaders should
learn to “build bridges” and
develop networks among
community leaders within
diverse fields.
45.
46.
47. Gauge your Knowldege
• 1. __________________ MMUNICOTY
ROEWP -capacity of the community
to exercise control over activities
and seek ways to employ available
resources to establish a stronger and
successful community.
48. • 2. ___________________ CONMIMUTY
CUSTRURET - this encompasses the
various aspects in the community
which includes demographics,
geography and environmental
influences, beliefs and attitudes and
the likes.
49. • 3. ___________________
ABCOLLARNIOTO -one of the
essential characteristics of leaders
to be developed is that they build
bridges and develop networks
among community leaders in the
different fields
50. • 4. ___________________ MARFOL ROWEP
EURCTURST - they are appointed
based on qualifications, attitude and
most often, through the votes of the
resident
54. New Lesson: Power Dynamics 9.26.2022
• Formal Power Structure
• they are individuals whose authority is
based on formal rules appointed by the
government.
55. Power Dynamics
• Informal Power Structure
• They are popular with others as influencers who can lead
others with the most influence. Informal power comes, not
from an official position, but from the respect and
appreciation, one has earned from the members of a group.
• Examples are managers, supervisors, philanthropists,
businessmen, producers and even employees who lead their
group as likable and charismatic leaders.
56. Legal Authoritative Decision-maker
• Individuals or bodies whose authority is based on formal
rules and institutions.
• They are appointed because of their intelligence, reputations,
decision-making, dictation from laws and policies and
connections.
57. Dimensions of Community
• 1. Interrelationship- community leaders are in
direct relation with you through familial relations,
affinities or feelings of kinship, social networks, and
• 2. Organization- they could be part of an
institution or an association, that has a particular
purpose in our community
58. Review Activity:
• Read and analyze the statements below.
Write the word TRUE if statements are
correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.
• ___________ 1. Teachers, soldiers, and other
government employees are examples of a
Formal Power Structure.
59. • ___________ 2. Legal authoritative
decision-makers lead their group as
likable and charismatic leaders. They
are also known as influencers
60. • ___________ 3. One factor to explore in
income distribution is the public
assistance benefits available to
residents.
61. • ___________ 4. Community Power will
be achieved only if community
leaders collaborate with each other.
62. • ___________ 5. Effective
communication is the most essential
characteristic of a community
leader.
63. Activity: Me as a Future Community
Leader!
• Envision yourself as a community leader
in the future. How are you going to
contribute as an effective community
leader to effect positive social change
and improve your community power?
Express your thoughts by making a
poster.
64. Instruction:
• Make a poster that would reflect the following elements:
• a. You as one of the community leaders, show your
role/work in the community
• b. The power dynamics that you possess as a leader as well
as your individual dimension (Informal or Legally appointed)
• c. Choose at least one (1) structure you will use/improve in
the future that will make a great impact on people in the
community
• d. Describe yourself as a leader in maintaining relationships
with people
66. Typologies of Communities
• Formal Community- characterized by institutionally
structured hierarchies, which define the relationship between
authoritative and subordinate actors and groups.
68. Global Community
• Global Community- characterized by integration and
interaction between individuals and groups away from each
other in time or space or both.
69. Informal Community
• Informal Community- seen to typically operate through
socio-cultural mechanisms within the community structures.
70. Local Community
• Local Community- characterized by close social integration
and physical proximity. Moreover, it is defined as a group of
people sharing the same environment and conditions such as
intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, and risks.
71. Rural Community
• Rural Community- characterized as pastoral, agricultural,
and located along the periphery of urban centers or in the
countryside
72. Urban Community
• Urban communities- described as industrialized and
commercial centers where population density is relatively
high compared to rural communities.
73. Social Space
• Social Space is defined as a physical or virtual space that
members of the community visit or where they stay. Some
examples of social space include the social center, online
social media, or other gathering spaces where people gather
or interact.
76. Formal Communities/Groups
• 2. The group possesses a systematic
political structure
• 3. The position of the member
defines/his/her importance in the
group.
77. Formal Communities/Group
• 4. There is professional relationship
among members.
• 5.The flow of communication is
restricted due to the chain of
command.
78. Informal Communities/Groups
• 1. The group is formed according to the
likes, attitudes and interests of the
members.
• 2. The group has a loose structure and the
members join to satisfy their social needs.
79. RURAL AREA
The following are the three general
characteristics of rural areas:
• a. Population density is found to be low,
meaning few people populate the entire
community, and they tend to live far
apart from each other.
80. RURAL AREA
• b. The area is situated
geographically distant from
larger urban areas.
81. RURAL AREA
• c. Each area typically specializes
in a particular form of livelihood,
such as farming.
82. URBAN AREA
• a. There is higher population
density, with more diverse
subgroups (ethnic, racial cultural,
age, sexual orientation)
83. Urban Area
• b. Various industries and
businesses are found in the areas.
84. Urban Area
• c. A large portion of people lived
in rented apartments or homes.
85. Urban Area
• d. Transportation is readily
available although this may be
costly
86. Urban Area
• e. Urban areas are highly
developed with many buildings
and structures
87. Urban Area
• f. Traffic and noise levels are
high in these area
88. Urban Area
• g. The large population gives rise to
close interactions among many
people as well as more intense
political involvement among
citizens.
89. Activity:
• Draw a Graphic Organizer
depicting the differences between
Rural and Urban Communities.
• Explain the main difference
between your descriptions.
90. Test Your Knowledge
• 1. A group where the flow of
communication is restricted.
• a. formal community
• b. informal community
• c. rural community
• d. urban community
91. • 2. Each area typically specializes in a
particular form of livelihood, such as
farming.
• a. formal community
• b. informal community
• c. rural community
• d. urban community
92. 4. A group sharing the same
environment and conditions.
• a. social spaces
• b. sectors of community
• c. local community
• d. global community
93. • 4. This sector of the community includes
newspapers, magazines, and other
available materials that can be glanced
at on the internet.
• a. human services
• b. media
• c. culture
• d. sports and recreation
94. • 5. A sector of the community that
includes musicians, dancers, writers, and
actors, among others.
• a. human services
• b. media
• c. culture
• d. sports and recreation
