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Prirodoslovna i grafička škola Rijeka
SVJETLOST KAO POKAZATELJ KLIMATSKIH
PROMJENA I ONEČIŠĆENJA
VODITELJI PROJEKTA:MARINA PAVLIĆ I IRENA SABO
AEROSOLI:
-SITNE ČESTICE TEKUĆINA ILI KRUTINA, MANJE
OD 100 µm SUSPENDIRANE U ZRAKU
-MIJENJAJU OPTIČKU GUSTOĆU SVJETLOSTI
SASTAV:
PRAŠINA,SOL,ČAĐA, SUMPOROVI I
DUŠIKOVI OKSIDI, AMONIJAK,METALNI
OKSIDI, ORGANSKI SPOJEVI (NAJOPASNIJI
DERIVATI BENZENA-KANCEROGENI)
UTJEČU NA:
- KLIMU
-KAKVOĆU ZRAKA,
-OPASNI ZA ZDRAVLJE-
NAJOPASNIJE MANJE OD 10µm
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration):
SATELITSKE SNIMKE UČESTALOSTI AEROSOLA
IZVORI AEROSOLA:
-pustinjska prašina (Sjeverna Afrika, Saudijska Arabija)
-požari (Južna Afrika, Južna Amerika)
-izgaranje fosilnih goriva (Indija, Kina)
-nestalna zagađenja (Europa, Sjeverna Amerika, Australija)
TRENDOVI PROMJENA ATMOSFERSKIH AEROSOLA
-manje promjene količine aerosola na globalnoj razini
(smanjena koncentracija u Europi i Sjevernoj Americi
nadoknađuje se povećanjem u Aziji)
-promjena u svojstvima aerosola smanjene su
koncentracije sumpornih spojeva, ali su u porastu
organski aerosoli i aerosoli dušikovih spojeva
-PROMJENA UTJECAJA AEROSOLA NA KLIMU
ZADATAK PROJEKTA “AEROSOLS IN EUROPE”:
PROVODITI MJERENJE AEROSOLA, TE USPOREDITI S SATELITSKIM PODACIMA
FOTOMETAR-uređaj za mjerenje
-apsorbira energiju sunčevog zračenja –
intezitet pretvara u napon
-aerosoli raspršuju i apsorbiraju sunčevu
energiju- smanjeni intezitet
proporcionalan je koncentraciji aerosola
-veličina čestica
utječe na valnu
duljinu raspršene
svjetlosti
-fotometar
Calitoo mjeri
intezitet tri valne
duljine
Male čestice više
raspršuju zeleno
svjetlo
Velike čestice podjednako
raspršuju crveno i zeleno
svjetlo
SVJETLOST NA KAPLJICAMA VODE U
ZRAKU
ATMOSFERSKI UVJETI MJERENJA
1. TLAK ZRAKA
-niži tlak smanjuje gustoću zrakasmanjena
raspršenost svjetla po molekulama zraka
1. KUT SUNCA
2. NAOBLAKA
-smanjuje intezitet svjetlosti određivanje vrste
oblaka i naoblake-manja od 50%
-oblaci apsorbiraju i reflektiraju svjetlost
-aerosoli su uzrok formiranja oblaka kondenzacijske
jezgre
-ledeni oblaci,
temperature -35⁰C
-miješani-led i voda,
temperatura: od -10⁰C
do -35⁰C
-vodeni oblaci,
temperatura: > -10⁰C
CONTRAIL OBLACI
-nastaju kondenzacijom vodene pare u ispuhu
aviona u uvjetu niske temperature
-različite duljine, gustoće, debljine i širine,
boje i vremena trajanja
-Utječu na stabilnost atmosfere  pri
mjerenju aerosola potrebno je ustanoviti
njihovu prisutnost
-Kondenzacijski tragovi u uvjetima stabilnog,
anticiklonalnog vremena najčešće relativno
brzo nestaju i ne šire se po nebu
Mogu li osim
vode contraili
sadržavati i
štetne tvari?
MJERENJA I PRIKAZ PODATAKA
IZABRANE POSTAJE:
1.ŠKOLA
2.BAKAR
PRIPREMA UZORAKA ZA USPOREDBU „MOKROM
METODOM”
ŠKOLA LUKA BAKAR
PRIKAZ PODATAKA
ŠKOLA
-MJERITI SE MOŽE SAMO KADA JE POSTOTAK NAOBLAKE MANJI OD 50%
-PRAZNINE U PRIKAZU POKAZUJU NAOBLAČENJE VEĆE OD 50%
-IZ GRAFIČKOG PRIKAZA MOŽEMO PROČITATI DA JE KOLIČINA AEROSOLA U
PODRUČJU ISPITIVANJA MALA A POVIŠENA KOLIČINA AEROSOLA
DOGODILA SE U DANIMA POVEĆANE VLAŽNOSTI ZRAKA ALI JOŠ NEMA
DOVOLJNO PODATAKA ZA PRAVILNU INTERPRETACIJU
USPOREDBA KOLIČINE AEROSOLA U ŠKOLI I BAKRU
ŠKOLA INA
LUKA HOTEL
KOLIČINE AEROSOLA IZMJERENE U ISTO VRIJEME NA 4 POSTAJE
NAJMANJE SU NA POSTAJI ŠKOLA
ZAKLJUČAK
ZA PRAVILNU INTERPRETACIJU PODATAKA
POTREBNO JE UZETI U OBZIR:
% NAOBLAKE
VRSTU OBLAKA
PRISUTNOST CONTRAILS OBLAKA
KOLIČINU VLAGE U ZRAKU
ZA SADA JOŠ NEMAMO DOVOLJNO
PODATAKA ZA DONOŠENJE ZAKLJUČAKA

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Svjetlost kao pokazatelj klimatskih promjena i onečišćenja 15sek

  • 1. Prirodoslovna i grafička škola Rijeka SVJETLOST KAO POKAZATELJ KLIMATSKIH PROMJENA I ONEČIŠĆENJA VODITELJI PROJEKTA:MARINA PAVLIĆ I IRENA SABO
  • 2. AEROSOLI: -SITNE ČESTICE TEKUĆINA ILI KRUTINA, MANJE OD 100 µm SUSPENDIRANE U ZRAKU -MIJENJAJU OPTIČKU GUSTOĆU SVJETLOSTI SASTAV: PRAŠINA,SOL,ČAĐA, SUMPOROVI I DUŠIKOVI OKSIDI, AMONIJAK,METALNI OKSIDI, ORGANSKI SPOJEVI (NAJOPASNIJI DERIVATI BENZENA-KANCEROGENI) UTJEČU NA: - KLIMU -KAKVOĆU ZRAKA, -OPASNI ZA ZDRAVLJE- NAJOPASNIJE MANJE OD 10µm
  • 3. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration): SATELITSKE SNIMKE UČESTALOSTI AEROSOLA IZVORI AEROSOLA: -pustinjska prašina (Sjeverna Afrika, Saudijska Arabija) -požari (Južna Afrika, Južna Amerika) -izgaranje fosilnih goriva (Indija, Kina) -nestalna zagađenja (Europa, Sjeverna Amerika, Australija)
  • 4. TRENDOVI PROMJENA ATMOSFERSKIH AEROSOLA -manje promjene količine aerosola na globalnoj razini (smanjena koncentracija u Europi i Sjevernoj Americi nadoknađuje se povećanjem u Aziji) -promjena u svojstvima aerosola smanjene su koncentracije sumpornih spojeva, ali su u porastu organski aerosoli i aerosoli dušikovih spojeva -PROMJENA UTJECAJA AEROSOLA NA KLIMU
  • 5. ZADATAK PROJEKTA “AEROSOLS IN EUROPE”: PROVODITI MJERENJE AEROSOLA, TE USPOREDITI S SATELITSKIM PODACIMA FOTOMETAR-uređaj za mjerenje -apsorbira energiju sunčevog zračenja – intezitet pretvara u napon -aerosoli raspršuju i apsorbiraju sunčevu energiju- smanjeni intezitet proporcionalan je koncentraciji aerosola -veličina čestica utječe na valnu duljinu raspršene svjetlosti -fotometar Calitoo mjeri intezitet tri valne duljine
  • 6. Male čestice više raspršuju zeleno svjetlo Velike čestice podjednako raspršuju crveno i zeleno svjetlo
  • 7. SVJETLOST NA KAPLJICAMA VODE U ZRAKU
  • 8. ATMOSFERSKI UVJETI MJERENJA 1. TLAK ZRAKA -niži tlak smanjuje gustoću zrakasmanjena raspršenost svjetla po molekulama zraka 1. KUT SUNCA 2. NAOBLAKA -smanjuje intezitet svjetlosti određivanje vrste oblaka i naoblake-manja od 50% -oblaci apsorbiraju i reflektiraju svjetlost -aerosoli su uzrok formiranja oblaka kondenzacijske jezgre
  • 9. -ledeni oblaci, temperature -35⁰C -miješani-led i voda, temperatura: od -10⁰C do -35⁰C -vodeni oblaci, temperatura: > -10⁰C
  • 10. CONTRAIL OBLACI -nastaju kondenzacijom vodene pare u ispuhu aviona u uvjetu niske temperature -različite duljine, gustoće, debljine i širine, boje i vremena trajanja -Utječu na stabilnost atmosfere  pri mjerenju aerosola potrebno je ustanoviti njihovu prisutnost -Kondenzacijski tragovi u uvjetima stabilnog, anticiklonalnog vremena najčešće relativno brzo nestaju i ne šire se po nebu Mogu li osim vode contraili sadržavati i štetne tvari?
  • 11. MJERENJA I PRIKAZ PODATAKA
  • 13. PRIPREMA UZORAKA ZA USPOREDBU „MOKROM METODOM” ŠKOLA LUKA BAKAR
  • 14. PRIKAZ PODATAKA ŠKOLA -MJERITI SE MOŽE SAMO KADA JE POSTOTAK NAOBLAKE MANJI OD 50% -PRAZNINE U PRIKAZU POKAZUJU NAOBLAČENJE VEĆE OD 50% -IZ GRAFIČKOG PRIKAZA MOŽEMO PROČITATI DA JE KOLIČINA AEROSOLA U PODRUČJU ISPITIVANJA MALA A POVIŠENA KOLIČINA AEROSOLA DOGODILA SE U DANIMA POVEĆANE VLAŽNOSTI ZRAKA ALI JOŠ NEMA DOVOLJNO PODATAKA ZA PRAVILNU INTERPRETACIJU
  • 15. USPOREDBA KOLIČINE AEROSOLA U ŠKOLI I BAKRU ŠKOLA INA LUKA HOTEL KOLIČINE AEROSOLA IZMJERENE U ISTO VRIJEME NA 4 POSTAJE NAJMANJE SU NA POSTAJI ŠKOLA
  • 16. ZAKLJUČAK ZA PRAVILNU INTERPRETACIJU PODATAKA POTREBNO JE UZETI U OBZIR: % NAOBLAKE VRSTU OBLAKA PRISUTNOST CONTRAILS OBLAKA KOLIČINU VLAGE U ZRAKU ZA SADA JOŠ NEMAMO DOVOLJNO PODATAKA ZA DONOŠENJE ZAKLJUČAKA